Control strategies and experimental verifications of the electromagnetic mass damper system for structural vibration control

The electromagnetic mass damper （EMD） control system, as an innovative active control system to reduce structural vibration, offers many advantages over traditional active mass driver/damper （AMD） control systems. In this paper, studies of several EMD control strategies and bench-scale shaking table tests of a two-story model structure are described. First, two structural models corresponding to uncontrolled and Zeroed cases are developed, and parameters of these models are validated through sinusoidal sweep tests to provide a basis for establishing an accurate mathematical model for further studies. Then, a simplified control strategy for the EMD system based on the pole assignment control algorithm is proposed. Moreover, ideal pole locations are derived and validated through a series of shaking table tests. Finally, three benchmark earthquake ground motions and sinusoidal sweep waves are imposed onto the structure to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of using this type of innovative active control system for structural vibration control. In addition, the robustness of the EMD system is examined. The test results show that the EMD system is an effective and robust system for the control of structural vibrations.     

Building damage in Dujiangyan during Wenchuan Earthquake

A field damage survey of 1,005 buildings damaged by the Wenchuan Earthquake in Dujiangyan City was carried out and the resulting data was analyzed using the statistical method. It is shown that buildings that were seismically designed achieved the desired seismic fortification target; they sustained less damage than the non-seismically designed buildings. Among the seismically designed buildings investigated, RC frame buildings performed the best in terms of seismic resistance. Masonry buildings with a ground story of RC frame structure were the second best, and masonry buildings performed the worst. Considering building height, multistory buildings sustained more severe damage than high-rise buildings and 2- and 3-story buildings. Compared to residential buildings, public buildings, such as schools and hospitals, suffered more severe damage.     

Study of vibrating foundations considering soil-pile-structure interaction for practical applications

An investigation of soil-pile-structure interaction is carried out, based on a large reciprocating compressor installed on an elevated concrete foundation （table top structure）. A practical method is described for the dynamic analysis, and compared with a 3D finite element （FE） model. Two commercial software packages are used for dynamic analysis considering the soilpile-structure interaction （SPSI）. Stiffness and damping of the pile foundation are generated from a computer program, and then input into the FE model. To examine the SPSI thoroughly, three cases for the soil, piles and superstructure are considered and compared. In the first case, the interaction is fully taken into account, that is, both the superstructure and soil-pile system are flexible. In the second case, the superstructure is flexible but fixed to a rigid base, with no deformation in the base （no SSI）. In the third case, the dynamic soil-pile interaction is taken into account, but the table top structure is assumed to be rigid. From the comparison beteen the results of these three cases some conclusions are made, which could be helpful for engineering practice.     

西藏马攸木金矿床金银互化物的赋存状态

马攸木金矿床是西藏近年发现的首例规模较大、矿石品位富、金成色高的岩金矿床.作者通过对马攸木金矿床矿石组构、矿石共生组合及矿物特征研究发现,金银互化物主要有自然金、含银自然金、银金矿、自然银.载金矿物为黝铜矿、针铁矿、脆硫锑铅矿及石英;金银互化物的赋存形式主要为包裹体金、裂隙金及粒间金.金银互化物的形成、富集与热液成矿作用及表生风化作用关系密切.     

辽西金羊盆地南部髫髻山组陆相火山岩及旋回层序划分

辽西金羊盆地（金岭寺－羊山盆地）南部髫髻山组陆相火山岩发育,为一套以中性为主的基性、中基性、中性火山岩组合。火山岩碱度主要为钙碱性。火山岩形成环境为活动大陆边缘区,这与本区所处大地构造位置相吻合。根据当前火山岩的研究现状,尝试性地对该盆地髫髻山组火山岩进行了火山喷发旋回层序的划分,共划分了四级火山喷发旋回层序。其中 A-A′剖面Ⅰ级 1个,Ⅱ级 5个,Ⅲ级 17个,Ⅳ级 21个; B-B′剖面Ⅰ级 1个,Ⅱ级 5个,Ⅲ级 18个,Ⅳ级 24个。     

新亚欧大陆桥(河南段)经济带地下水资源形势的研究

新亚欧大陆桥,是又一条连接亚欧大陆的“黄金通道”。陆桥的开通,给河南城市群的崛起和城乡产业经济的发展带来了契机。作为经济可持续发展限制因素之一的地下水资源,在陆桥（河南段）经济带范围内,能否满足沿线经济对地下水的需求？研究结论是：地下水形势不容乐观,潜力尚有８７×１０８ｍ３／ａ,同时还存在超采量３８８×１０８ｍ３／ａ,城乡开发地下水强度不一,已引发多种环境地质问题,对陆桥（河南段）经济带的发展构成了严重威胁。为缓和陆桥（河南段）沿线用水矛盾,必须遵循“因地制宜,量水为出,适度开发,统一规划”的原则,在开源、节流、管理上做好用水文章,充分发挥地下水资源的整体效益,实现陆桥（河南段）经济带地下水的可持续开发利用。     

马超营断裂带区域地球化学特征

该文探讨了马超营断裂带内各地层的成矿元素丰度特征,阐述了该带内成矿元素的分布特征及分布规律,总结了Ａｕ及有关元素Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｂａ、Ｓｒ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ等异常的特征及其分布规律。研究成果表明：马超营断裂带的韧性—韧脆性剪切带是本区Ａｕ及与其相关的Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ等成矿元素异常规模、形态和空间分布的控制因素。     

东北地区夏季土壤湿度垂直结构的时空分布特征

借助于概率密度函数(PDF)拟合和经验正交函数(EOF)展开以及小波分析等方法,本文分析了中国东北地区夏季近十年间(1988-1999年)旬平均土壤湿度(0～50 cm层次)垂直分布结构的时空变化特征。结果表明,从区域分布来看,东北夏季土壤湿度的高值中心主要位于牡丹江流域和松嫩平原南侧,而从土壤水分的垂直分布特征来看,其湿润度绝大多数测站(除个别地区呈多峰态外)基本呈上干下湿,服从Weibull分布的单峰偏态型。各层土壤湿度在6月中旬和8月上旬变化最大,并存在以3 a为主的周期振荡。     

Selection of hazardous waste dumpsites based on parameters effecting soil adsorption capacity – a case study

A careful selection of waste dumpsites, particularly hazardous ones, is very important for sustainable water resources management. Several laboratory experiments were carried out on the field samples to study adsorption capacity using p-dichlorobenzene (a solvent used in various industrial processes) as the test contaminant. The effect of parameters such as organic matter, clay, and iron and aluminium oxides, which are known to influence the soil adsorption capacity, are studied in the present work. Several soil samples from the Patancheru Industrial Area (Hyderabad, India) were collected and characterized. Only three soils, which had a comparatively high percentage of organic matter, clay, iron and aluminium oxide contents were used for the adsorption studies. The results clearly indicated a decrease in the adsorption capacity of the soils by as much as 75% when organic matter was removed. The other parameters such as clay and iron and aluminium oxides also play an important role in adsorption (57 and 39.8% reduction respectively). It was observed that out of the selected factors organic matter in the soils has the maximum effect regarding the adsorption of p-dichlorobenzene. Since the selected soils contain comparatively more organic matter, clay and iron and aluminium oxides in the selected industrial area, these can be used as sites for dumping hazardous waste, which can be further treated by methods like bioremediation.     

Enhanced bioremoval of refractory compounds from dyeing wastewater using optimized sequential anaerobic/aerobic process

The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process followed by the biological aerated filter process was employed to improve the removal of color and recalcitrant compounds from real dyeing wastewater. The highest removal efficiency for color was observed in the anaerobic process, at 8-h hydraulic retention time, seeded with the sludge granule. In the subsequent aerobic process packed with the microbe-immobilized polyethylene glycol media, the removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand increased significantly to 75 %, regardless of the empty bed contact time. The average influent non-biodegradable soluble chemical oxygen demand was 517 mg/L, and the average concentration in effluent from the anaerobic reactor was 363 mg/L, suggesting the removal of some recalcitrant matters together with the degradable ones. The average non-biodegradable soluble chemical oxygen demand in effluent from the aerobic reactor was 87, 93, and 118 mg/L, with the removal efficiency of 76, 74, and 67 %, at 24-, 12-, and 8-h empty bed contact time, respectively. The combined anaerobic sludge blanket and aerobic cell-entrapped process was effective to remove the refractory compounds from real dyeing wastewater as well as in reducing organic loading to meet the effluent discharge limits. This integrated process is considered an effective and economical treatment technology for dyeing wastewater.