Suppressing multiples using an adaptive multichannel filter based on L1-norm

Adaptive subtraction is an important link for removing surface-related multiples in the wave equation-based method. In this paper, we propose an adaptive multichannel subtraction method based on the L1-norm. We achieve enhanced compensation for the mismatch between the input seismogram and the predicted multiples in terms of the amplitude, phase, frequency band, and travel time. Unlike the conventional L2-norm, the proposed method does not rely on the assumption that the primary and the multiples are orthogonal, and also takes advantage of the fact that the L1-norm is more robust when dealing with outliers. In addition, we propose a frequency band extension via modulation to reconstruct the high frequencies to compensate for the frequency misalignment. We present a parallel computing scheme to accelerate the subtraction algorithm on graphic processing units (GPUs), which significantly reduces the computational cost. The synthetic and field seismic data tests show that the proposed method effectively suppresses the multiples.     

莱阳白垩纪国家地质公园地质遗迹资源类型及评价

地质公园是保护地质遗迹、维护生态环境、实现可持续发展战略的重要场所,是人类顺应自然、与自然界和谐相处的最好结合点。丰富的地质遗迹资源,为科学地认识和了解这亿万年来莱阳盆地的演化变迁保留了十分珍贵的证据资料。该文介绍了莱阳白垩纪国家地质公园的地质遗迹类型,并对其进行了综合评价。     

北斗不同电离层模型精度分析

目前北斗系统播发多种电离层模型参数,用户使用时容易产生以下问题：①同一历元不同卫星播发同一电离层模型,其值不完全相同;②北斗二号、北斗三号分别播发的Klobuchar电离层模型参数值存在差异;③对于能同时接收到3种电离层模型（BDS-2 Klobuchar、BDS-3 Klobuchar及北斗全球电离层延迟修正模型（BDGIM））的基本导航用户如何选取合适的电离层模型。针对以上问题,本文首先提出采用最大投票法策略,对同一历元相同电离层模型但值不同的参数进行合理合并,然后以IGS分析中心的电离层产品为基准,对以上3种北斗电离层模型进行了精度分析和对比,最后基于等效距离误差进行了验证分析。试验结果表明,BDS-2 Klobuchar、BDS-3 Klobuchar虽然模型值差异较大但模型精度十分接近,而BDGIM模型精度最高,相对于前两者在中低纬地区平均提升10%,在两极地区的提升更加明显,平均提升61%。     

砂岩峰后卸除围压过程的渗透性试验研究

为了探讨煤层开采引起的围岩卸除围压过程中砂岩渗透性的变化规律,本文用数控瞬态渗透法在电液伺服岩石力学试验系统MTS815.02上进行了砂岩试样的渗透特性试验。得出了试样峰前渗透系数-应变与应力-应变的关系曲线,以及在峰后保持轴向应变一定卸除围压过程中试样的渗透系数-围压与主应力差-围压的关系曲线;对试验砂岩在变形破坏过程中渗透性变化规律进行了总结,重点分析了其峰后卸除围压过程中渗透性的变化规律;并对试验砂岩峰后渗透系数与有效围压关系进行了拟合,得出了拟合方程式,为煤层开采引起的围岩体应力场与渗流场耦合问题提供参考。     

油气微生物勘探技术在大庆升平油田的应用

油气微生物勘探(MPOG)成本低廉、简便快速、多解性小,根据它可检测微生物异常区,可以评价和预测下伏油气藏的存在和性质,能适用于大庆升平油田.笔者等在大庆升平油田内,以微生物异常为基础,结合已有的区域地质资料、钻井和测井等资料,对微生物异常区域进行了分析研究,并圈定了一个明显的异常区.通过升平油田微生物异常区与邻区的异...     

Fractal dimensions of flocs between clay particles and HAB organisms

The impact of harmful algal blooms (HABs) on public health and related economics have been increasing in many coastal regions of the world. Sedimentation of algal cells through flocculation with clay particles is a promising strategy for controlling HABs. Previous studies found that removal efficiency (RE) was influenced by many factors, including clay type and concentration, algal growth stage, and physiological aspects of HAB cells. To estimate the effect of morphological characteristics of the aggregates on HAB cell removal, fractal dimensions were measured and the RE of three species of HAB organism, Heterosigma akashiwo, Alexandrium tamarense, and Skeletonema costatum, by original clay and modified clay, was determined. For all HAB species, the modified clay had a higher RE than original clay. For the original clay, the two-dimensional fractal dimension (D2) was 1.92 and three-dimensional fractal dimension (D3) 2.81, while for the modified clay, D2 was 1.84 and D3 was 2.50. The addition of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) lead to a decrease of the repulsive barrier between clay particles, and resulted in lower D2 and D3. Due to the decrease of D3, and the increase of the effective sticking coefficient, the flocculation rate between modified clay particles and HAB organisms increased, and thus resulted in a high RE. The fractal dimensions of flocs differed in HAB species with different cell morphologies. For example, Alexandrium tamarense cells are ellipsoidal, and the D3 and D2 of flocs were the highest, while for Skeletonema costatum, which has filamentous cells, the D3 and D2 of flocs were the lowest.     

用辩证方法指导找矿的一实例

本文介绍了笔者70年代初期运用科学的辩证的方法指导找矿,从系统地掌握和研究靶区的区域地质资料,找矿工作的历史及前人的工作成果起步,结合实地踏勘检验,分析其工作程度,找出工作中的薄弱环节,抓住主要矛盾,选准突破口,集中主要力量进行攻关。在攻破主要矛盾时,重视野外实地调查研究,重视第一性资料的观察和搜集,重视区分事物的个性特征,善於在区别中来探索突破矛盾的钥匙。在这一套科学的辩证的方法的指导下,突破了一个地层层位问题,终於为阿尔巴尼亚找到了他们国家规模、质量和远景最大的铝土矿床。     

河西走廊不同旱生植物内源激素和叶水势的比较研究

采用压力室法和ＥＬＩＳＡ技术测定了河西走廊不同旱生植物的叶水势和内源激素ＡＢＡ、ｉＰＡｓ、ＺＲｓ水平。河西走廊不同生态类型旱生植物的抗／耐旱能力可能主要与其组织中ＡＢＡ和ＣＴＫｓ的配比平衡有关。     

北秦岭西段早古生代埃达克岩地球化学特征及岩石成因

唐藏石英闪长岩体出露于北秦岭造山带西段,侵入于丹凤群火山沉积岩系之中,主要矿物组成为斜长石、角闪石、石英、钾长石、黑云母等,形成时代为454Ma。该岩体SiO2= 62.02％～64.26％;Al2O3=16.55%～17.45%,MgO=1.71%～2.09%, Sr = (1069～1296)×10-6（>400 ×10-6）,Y = (11.6～13.81)×10-6 （<18×10-6）,Yb = (0.96～1.14)×10-6（<1.9 ×10-6）,Sr/Y=80.98～108.19（>40）,稀土总量（∑REE=217.88×10-6～355.07×10-6）较高,LREE强烈富集,重稀土亏损,Eu负异常不明显（LREE/HREE=17.72~25.82;LaN/ YbN=44.56～53.85;δEu＝0.82～1.0）,显示出典型埃达克岩的岩石地球化学特点。在以原始地幔标准化的微量元素分布图中,大离子亲石元素（LILE）K、Th、Rb、Ba、Sr等富集,高场强元素(HFSE)Ta、Nb、Y、Yb等较相邻元素相对亏损,微量元素曲线分布形式及稀土元素配分模式与典型地区埃达克岩分布形式一致。研究表明,该岩体Na2O＝4.99%～6.91%, Na2O-2＞K2O,Mg#＝0.59～0.63, A/CNK=0.82～1.01,σ=4.24～2.24,为富钠偏铝质高镁埃达克岩。唐藏埃达克岩体岩浆源于早古生代秦岭商丹洋向北俯冲消减洋壳板片的部分熔融,岩浆在上升过程中与地幔楔发生反应。北秦岭早古生代埃达克岩的确定为探讨秦岭早古生代构造演化提供了新的证据。