港湾广场（一期）深基坑变形监测与分析

深基坑施工变形监测是信息化施工的重要内容,以广州港湾广场(一期)深基坑工程为例,通过对开挖过程中土体水平位移、支护结构侧向位移、支护结构内应力、沉降等监测,结合围护结构的强度检测,采用反演分析对基坑变形进行数值模拟,预测不同开挖深度时基坑的位移变形量,实际监测结果与预测值基本一致,为基坑的设计和施工提供可靠的依据。     

云南地区房屋建筑的震害矩阵

自1992年4月23日云南孟连西中缅交界6.7、6.9级地震始,地震部门对云南地区的破坏性地震进行了现场灾害调查和经济损失评估。1992~2003年,云南地区共发生50次破坏性地震,积累了丰富的震害资料。本文根据云南地区的主要建筑结构,统计分析了50次地震不同烈度区的破坏比、损失比和震害指数,给出了房屋建筑的震害矩阵。     

哈萨克斯坦地震地下流体监测、预测的现状及其震兆异常特征的分析

40多年来,哈萨克斯坦地震地下流体观测台网历经初期建网、系统清理、政策调整和优化提高4个阶段,目前已形成与中国北京地区流体监测网相当的规模。分析了哈萨克斯坦流体监测台网的地位、台站分布、观测项目、仪器配置及地震分析预测情况。最后,分析了哈萨克斯坦地震地下流体观测资料的特点,并就哈萨克斯坦流体交换资料的震兆异常特征进行了初步总结。     

Characteristics of landscape information Tupu of the Yellow River swings and its subdeltas during 1855―2000

Based on the theories and methods of cartography on spatial pattern and temporal evolution in Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) and the quantitative measurements of pattern and process in landscape ecology, the methodology of landscape information Tupu in studying the swing process of the Yellow River (YR) over the Yellow River Delta (YRD) during 1855―2000 has been demonstrated. The main content includes (1) methodology of landscape information Tupu; (2) evolution process Tupu of YR rump channels; (3) evolution process Tupu of the 7 pieces of subdeltas in YRD during 1855―2000; (4) landscape information Tupu of the modern YRD and the current YRD; (5) landscape information Tupu of YR rump channels on the 7 pieces of subdeltas during 1855―2000; and (6) corridor-matrix landscape information Tupu by YR swings. The methodology of landscape information Tupu here is still primary but we hope that it could provide a new tool for exploring an integrated research on spatiotemporal approaches for landscape "pattern and process".     

综合物探解决黄土区煤田复杂地质问题

山西某矿位于构造堆积盆地，属黄土匠陵地貌，区内被第四系黄土覆盖，为解决该矿地质构造及水文地质问题，采用三维地震勘探与瞬变电磁法、直流电测深法相结合的勘探方案。利用三维地震勘探解决目的层赋存形态及其地质构造问题，再利用瞬变电磁法进行平面控制，以使平面及深度解释误差达到勘探要求；应用直流电测深法及瞬变电磁进行勘探，在正反演解释的基础上对其资料综合分析、对比，并结合三维地震资料，确定地质构造的富水及导水性。     

Effect of Overpressure on Rock Frame and Its Implications for Overpressure Evolution

Overpressure is a hot topic in the study of sedimentary basins. It is important in generation,maturation migration,and accumulation of hydrocarbon,but the effects of overpressure on rock frame have not been investigated. In this study,experiments were carried out to study the effects of overpressure on rock frame structures using five core samples from the Junggar basin,Northwest China. The deformations and velocities for the samples were measured at different effective pressures related to non-equilibrium compaction and fluid expansion overpressure mechanisms. The results show that the effect of overpressure on rock frames gradually increases when the effective pressure drops down to a certain value (called critical pressure). Moreover,non-equilibrium compaction mechanism has more effects on rock frames than fluid expansion mechanism under the same effective pressure. Furthermore to study rock frame structural changes,we use Kuster and Toks?z's expressions to simulate the effective aspect ratios of inclusions α (penny shapes) for different effective pressures. The results show that the α decreases dramatically when the effective pressure decreases from the critical pressure. Changes of α can be interpreted as responses to the rock frame changes when grains conform one another by rotating and self-adjusting. However,different mechanisms of overpressure have different effects on rock frames. The rock frame can be affected more easily by overpressure in shallow regions generated by non-equilibrium compaction mechanism. Once this kind of rock frames are preserved after overpressure releases to a normal hydrostatic pressure,they can be identified by their specific rock frame characters. This method provides a new way to study overpressure release and fluid migration and accumulation.     

Visual MODFLOW在水文地质勘查中的应用——以山东新驿煤矿下组煤先期采区水文地质勘查项目为例

Visual MODFLOW是目前国际上最为流行的三维地下水流和溶质运移模拟评价可视化专业软件系统,在我国主要应用于地下水流及溶质运移的数值模拟分析.根据勘查区地质、水文地质条件,使用Visual MODFLOW4.1三维渗流数值模拟软件,建立反映地下水分布规律、储存条件及其时空变化规律的渗流数值模型,并进行矿井突水量及安全水位疏排水量预报.     

基于ArcGIS的人工影响天气综合分析平台

人工影响天气业务涉及大、中、小、微尺度各种资料分析,信息种类繁多,类型复杂,需要一个强大的综合分析平台的支持。文章介绍了基于ArcGIS的人影综合分析平台(WMicaps)的总体设计目标、软件框架、数据标准化、系统数据库、平台主要功能以及主要采用的技术方法等。该平台是针对人工影响天气作业研究设计的系统,主要用于人影综合分析处理、决策指挥、效果评估以及高炮、火箭增雨防雹服务等。     

LIDAR技术在海岛礁、滩涂测绘中的应用

LIDAR集激光测距技术、计算机技术、IMU/DGPS技术于一体,是一种崭新的革命性的测量工具,在三维空间信息的实时获取方面产生了重大突破.LIDAR具有自动化程度高、受天气影响小、数据生产周期短、测量精度高等特点,有传统摄影测量和地面常规测量技术无法取代的优越性,为获取高时空分辨率地球空间信息提供了一种全新的技术手段.本文将分析LDAR的技术系统,并以江苏沿海滩涂为例研究LIDAR技术在海岛礁、滩涂测绘中的应用.     

GIS基础地理数据质量检查及其监控体系构建

随着GIS应用的日益广泛,其基础地理数据质量问题越来越得到重视.本文对GIS基础地理数据的质量从检查内容、误差源、检查方法方面进行了研究,最后以数字线化图为例对软件监控方法的主要内容进行了探讨.