利用宽频带数字地震记录测定谱震级

谱震级是表征地震强弱的量度,是地震学研究中的一个重要的地震参数。在地震预测和工程地震研究中具有重要的实际意义。谱震级测定还可得到地震辐射的能量,再通过和标量地震矩的比较,可以估计地震震源处的视应力,而视应力也是震源物理研究中一个重要的物理量。考虑到我国地震台网分布不均匀的情况,本文尝试利用单台的宽频带波形资料进行谱震级的测定。选用CDSN昆明地震台(KMI)记录的近震宽频带波形资料,分析地震图垂直分量上的P波,采用 Duda等人提出的谱震级的测定方法,改进并提出了一种能够利用宽频带波形资料,直接用速度谱值测定地震谱震级的方法。所得谱震级结果与ISC给出的Ms震级对比后,发现相差不大;所得的能量结果与NEIC用远震体波测得的能量结果具有较好的一致性。用同样的方法,将来还可对不同地区更小的地震进行谱震级的测定,这无疑对地震学的进一步研究很有帮助。     

Characteristics of China’s oil and gas pool formation in latest geological history

The structural activities took place extensively in the Asia continent during the Cenozoic era owing to the strong continent-to-continent collision and continuous compression between the India Plate and the Eurasia Plate. Huang Jiqing called such structural activities Himalayan movement. China’s sedimentary basins developed and took shape mainly during the Himalayan movement period. It is also the main period for formation and development of the oil and gas reservoirs. Of 366 large and medium-sized oil and gas fields currently found in China, 212 reservoirs were formed in the Neogene-Quaternary period. The proportion is as high as 68.2%. The oil and gas migration and accumulation in the latest geological period, which were controlled by the times, properties, styles and strength of the Himalayan movement, took place mainly in eight regions, such as the low uplift area of Bohai Sea, the onshore faulted sag area of Bohai Bay, anticlinorium zone in Daqing, the foreland fold-and-thrust belt in West China, the tilted structural zone in West China, the cratonic palaeohigh in the Tarim Basin, the zone of fault and fold belt in the East Sichuan Basin, and the biological gas zone in the East Qaidam Basin. The oil and gas pool formations in those regions have their own characteristics. With the great potential and broad prospect, those regions are the main exploration areas in China in the future.     

国家“十一五”科技支撑重点项目“人工影响天气关键技术与装备研发”获批准

2006年10月14日，科技部社会发展科技司在北京组织了“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点项目“人工影响天气关键技术研究及装备研发”可行性论证报告会。会后，项目牵头组织单位中国气象局在听取专家意见的基础上，通过择优委托，确定了本项目的7个课题和相应承担单位：     

高塑性土路用性能试验研究

结合一工程实例,通过浸水CBR试验,分析高塑性土在毛细饱水情况下的强度特征,揭示高塑性土的路用特性,并将室内研究成果结合现场工艺试验,研究在不添加外掺剂的前提下,直接利用高塑性土填筑路基的途径和方法。     

珠江口伶仃洋海底表层沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价

对珠江口伶仃洋海底表层沉积物中重金属的分布规律进行了研究，并利用瑞典科学家Lars Hakanson的潜在生态危害指数法对重金属的生态危害程度进行了评价。研究结果表明，珠江口伶仃洋西岸附近的海底表层沉积物的重金属含量大于伶仃洋东岸附近的海底表层沉积物的重金属含量，重金属Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、As和Hg的含量总体上表现为由西北向东南逐渐减小。生态危害评价结果显示，研究区内除4个站位为生态危害中等外，其余47个站位为生态危害轻微，海底表层沉积物重金属的污染程度顺序为Cd〉Hg〉Cu〉As〉Pb〉Cr〉Zn．     

中国气象局人工影响天气中心成立

2007年12月19日上午,由中国气象科学研究院牵头组建的中国气象局人工影响天气中心成立和挂牌仪式在中国气象局科技会议中心多功能厅隆重举行.     

Electron tunneling properties of outer-membrane decaheme cytochromes from Shewanella oneidensis

We have characterized the outer-membrane decaheme cytochromes OmcA and MtrC from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 at the single-molecule level using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and tunneling spectroscopy (TS). These cytochrome proteins are of great interest because they are thought to mediate bacterial electron transfer reactions in anoxic waters that control the reductive dissolution of oxide minerals. In our study, to characterize the electron transfer properties of these proteins on a model surface, the purified cytochromes were chemically immobilized as molecular monolayers on Au(111) substrates via a recombinant tetra-cysteine sequence as verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy images confirm the monolayer films were ∼5-8 nm thick which is consistent with the apparent lateral dimensions of individual cytochrome molecules obtained with STM. Current-voltage TS of single cytochrome molecules revealed that OmcA and MtrC have different abilities to mediate tunneling current despite having otherwise very similar molecular and biochemical properties. These observations suggest that, based on their electron tunneling properties, the two cytochromes could have specific roles during bacterial metal reduction. Additionally, this study establishes single-molecule STM/TS as an effective means for revealing insights into biogeochemical redox processes in the environment.     

Validation of a model for impact breakage incorporating particle size effect

Investigation of a breakage probability model published by Vogel and Peukert [Vogel, L. and Peukert, W., 2004. Determination of material properties relevant to grinding by practicable labscale milling tests. Int. J. Miner. Process., 74S, 329–338.] has led to a modification of their model to describe the degree of impact breakage, t₁₀. The modified model takes a form similar to the JKMRC prior art breakage model, but with particle size and breakage properties incorporated explicitly in the model.     

浅谈煤田地质勘探中煤质研究和评价的意义

通过我国煤田地质勘探中煤层煤质的分析,研究认为煤炭不仅是重要的能源,同时也是重要的化工原材料,长期以来在煤田地质勘探中侧重于煤炭资源的勘探,忽视了对煤质的分析研究,建议在今后的煤田地质勘探中加强对煤质的分析研究,为煤炭的综合利用提供必要的参数。     

强夯引起的振动规律及环境效应分析

强夯法是地基处理的一种常用方法,而强夯施工振动往往是制约强夯法应用的关键。综合国内外的研究成果,重点分析强夯引起的振动规律及振动对环境的影响,并结合某沿海地基处理中的强夯振动工程实例,根据实测结果,分析振动速度随距离的衰减规律及强夯安全距离的确定。