从单一到多重空气污染管理——潜在可能及实现方案

在阐述多重空气污染管理概念和意义的基础上,以美国佐治亚州为例,介绍了目前发达国家多重空气污染管理的步骤和方法,分析了信息技术应用在多重污染管理中的重要性,指出了对多重污染健康效应的研究是制定污染管理方案的前提.然后依据现有技术条件、管理体制提出多重污染管理优化调整的方向:污染标准制定的改进、加强跨学科合作研究、科学制定...     

Introduction to China’s Earthquake Emergency Response System

Following the M_S6.4 earthquake that occurred on May 21, 2021 in Yangbi, Yunnan, China, the earthquake emergency response system (EERS) responded immediately. The real-time software delivered many seismic parameters that provided a preliminary assessment of the earthquake. The 24-hour on-duty staff and scientific researchers revised these parameters and produced more detailed reports to understand the cause of the earthquake and the potential damage, which provided valuable information for emergency rescue operations and earthquake situation assessment. Emergency personnel were dispatched immediately to the earthquake site to observe the aftershocks, investigate the damage, and guide and assist in the relief efforts. This paper describes the EERS response to the Yangbi earthquake to demonstrate the characteristics of the system and discuss the potential for further improvement.     

矿井水害防控远程服务云平台构建与应用

煤矿水害严重制约煤炭资源安全高效开发.针对我国煤矿开采面临的典型顶板、底板和老空水害问题,现阶段矿井水害防治主要开展水害危险性评价、涌水量预测、水害监测预警及水害探查与治理等工作,智能化程度不高.为了解决煤矿企业现场水害防治不同阶段研究与决策的智能化需求,通过将煤矿水害防治与"大数据""数字化矿山""互联网+""云服务...     

辽宁中部城市群度日的变化特征

利用1951—2006年辽宁中部城市群沈阳、抚顺、本溪、鞍山4城市逐日气温资料,分析各城市热度日HDD和冷度日CDD的变化规律,并探讨度日与平均气温及城市热岛强度等的关系。结果表明:辽宁中部城市群HDD和CDD最大值分别出现在1月和7月。4城市HDD年际变化均呈下降趋势;CDD年际变化沈阳和鞍山呈微弱的上升趋势,而抚顺和本溪呈微弱的下降趋势。自1950s始至21世纪的2006年,除抚顺外,其他各城市HDD年代际变化均表现为明显的下降趋势,而CDD年代际变化均表现为降—升—降的规律。年代HDD均值与年代平均气温呈反位相,而年代CDD均值与年代平均气温呈正位相,冬季HDD与城市热岛强度呈负相关。     

西藏班公湖中特提斯洋盆的打开时间:镁铁质蛇绿岩地球化学与锆石U-Pb LAICPMS定年结果

对青藏高原西北部班公湖缝合带开展了路线剖面地质调查,在北面日土蛇绿岩带上采得2处镁铁质岩墙(辉长岩和辉绿岩),岩石地球化学分析表明这两处镁铁质岩墙具有平缓的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分布型式,显示出洋中脊玄武岩特征,说明它们形成于洋中脊环境,其锆石U-PbLAICPMS年龄测定结果分别为(181.9±2.6)Ma(MSWD=11.5)和(184.4±4.4)Ma(MSWD=2.2),表明班公湖中特提斯洋是在早侏罗世晚期打开的。另外,在狮泉河—改则蛇绿岩带上采得橄榄辉绿岩,岩石以K2O(质量分数为1.49%～1.56%)、Al2O3(质量分数为14.76%～15.21%)含量高,Fe2O3/FeO比值高(1.73～2.49),富集大离子不相容元素(Rb、Ba、Th、Sr)和轻稀土元素(LREE)为特点,在基性岩构造环境判别图上显示出洋岛玄武岩的亲合性。该样品给出的(176.2±9.0)Ma(MSWD=3.1)的锆石U-PbLAICPMS年龄说明,班公湖中特提斯洋从早侏罗世晚期打开,经过近10Ma的扩张至中侏罗世早期已变成一个成热的洋盆。     

滇黔桂地区汞锑金砷等低温矿床组合碳,氢,氧,硫同位素地球化学

滇黔桂地区分布着众多大中型Hg、Sb、Au矿床。通过对碳、氢、氧、硫等同位素的分析表明：大厂锑矿的硫来自地幔，木利、马雄锑矿的硫主要来自海水硫酸盐。各金矿的硫主要来自围岩，但碳大部分来自围岩。氢氧同位素数据表明，本区锑、金、汞等矿床的成矿流体来源相似，其主要来源为与围岩进行了氢氧同位素交换的大气降水。     

典型背斜槽谷区岩溶水资源空间分布格局与水质特征——以宜居河流域为例

文章选取典型背斜槽谷区——宜居河流域作为研究对象,结合不同水文地质单元对流域岩溶泉进行出露特征及水质分析,研究结果表明:(1) 二叠系、三叠系含水层的调查泉点水化学类型全部属于HCO3-Ca型水,而寒武系、奥陶系含水层部分泉点属于HCO3·SO4-Ca型水,这可能与该地区的岩性及人类活动有关;流域内93.8%的岩溶泉点水质等级为优良和良好,可作为饮用水源;(2)流域内岩溶泉流量<10 L·s-1的岩溶泉数量占78%,平均流量仅为0.84 L·s-1;流量≥10 L·s-1的岩溶大泉平均流量达76.56 L·s-1;此外,发现不同岩性地层在岩溶泉发育的数量和流量上皆有差异,表现出岩溶泉发育的极不均一性;(3) 在可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带、断裂构造带、陡崖处、地势较低的弱承压泄流区、深切河谷及峡谷两侧切割处5类地点易出露岩溶泉。      

Basement of the South China Sea Area: Tracing the Tethyan Realm

The basement of the South China Sea (SCS) and adjacent areas can be divided into six divisions (regions) – Paleozoic Erathem graben-faulted basement division in Beibu Gulf, Paleozoic Erathem strike-slip pull-apart in Yinggehai waters, Paleozoic Erathem faulted-depression in eastern Hainan, Paleozoic Erathem rifted in northern Xisha (Paracel), Paleozoic Erathem strike-slip extending in southern Xisha, and Paleozoic-Mesozoic Erathem extending in Nansha Islands (Spratly) waters. The Pre-Cenozoic basement in the SCS and Yunkai continental area are coeval within the Tethyan tectonic domain in the Pre-Cenozoic Period. They are formed on the background of the Paleo-Tethyan tectonic domain, and are important components of the Eastern Tethyan multi-island-ocean system. Three branches of the Eastern Paleo-Tethys tectonic domain, North Yunkai, North Hainan, and South Hainan sea basins, have evolved into the North Yunkai, North Hainan, and South Hainan suture zones, respectively. This shows a distinctive feature of localization for the Pre-Cenozoic basement. The Qiongnan (i.e. South Hainan) Suture Zone on the northern margin of the South China Sea can be considered the vestige of the principal ocean basin of Paleo-Tethys, and connected with the suture zone of the Longmucuo-Shuanghu belt–Bitu belt –Changning-Menglian-Bentong-Raub belt, the south extension of Bitu-Changning-Menglian–Ching Mai belt–Chanthaburi-Raub-Bentong belt on the west of South China Sea, and with the Lianhua-Taidong suture zone (a fault along the east side of Longitudinal Valley in Taiwan)–Hida LP/HT (low pressure-high temperature) metamorphic belt–Hida-marginal HP/LT metamorphic belt in southwestern Honshu of Japan, on the east of the South China Sea. The Qiongbei (North Hainan) suture zone may eastwards extended along the Wangwu-Wenjiao fault zone, and connects with the Lufeng-Dapu-Zhenghe-Shangyu (Lianhuashan) deep fault zone through the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The Meso-Tethys developed on the south of the South China Sea. The Nansha Trough may be considered the vestige of the northern shelf of the Meso-Tethys. The oceanic crust of the Meso-Tethys has southwards subducted along the subduction-collision-thrust southern margin of the Nansha Trough with a subduction-pole opposite to those of the Yarlung Zangbo-Mytkyina-Bago zone on the west of the South China Sea, and the Meso-Tethyan (e.g. Northern Chichibu Ocean of the Meso-Tethys) suture zone “Butsozo tectonic line” in the outer belt of the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous terrene group in southwest Japan, on the east of the South China Sea.     

5000米智能地质钻探技术与装备研发

深部钻探技术是解决深地探测科技问题的必要手段之一。本文主要介绍了“十三五”国家重点研发计划 “5000米智能地质钻探技术装备研发及应用示范” 项目方案,项目从构建大深度绳索取心钻孔口径系列、钻具级配、装备配置等入手,开展了钻进智能控制、钻机关键技术与装备、高性能绳索取心钻杆、小口径高效系列钻具、环保冲洗液体系与废浆处理技术、钻探技术装备集成与示范等研究,拟突破智能控制、自动化、轻量化与模块化等关键技术,形成以绳索取心工艺为主体的特深孔地质岩心钻探装备与技术体系,为我国深部探测计划提供技术与装备支撑。     

中新世以来长江下游和黄土高原地区黏土矿物的时空变化及古气候意义

为了认识中新世以来长江、黄河流域沉积物中黏土矿物的时空变化及古气候意义,利用X射线衍射方法分析了中新世以来长江下游河湖相沉积物、黄土高原红黏土和黄土-古土壤的黏土矿物组成.结果表明:中新世以来长江下游、黄土高原沉积物的黏土矿物组成都为伊利石+绿泥石+高岭石+蒙脱石;各地质时期长江下游和黄土高原不同剖面沉积物由不同的黏土...