云阳长江公路大桥施工监理测量的内容和技术研究

结合云阳长江公路大桥施工实践,从监理测量的角度,介绍了该桥施工过程中对监理测量工作的要求以及监理测量检测工作的有关技术措施,分析了施工监理测量采取的方法和精度,提供了测量技术保障.     

深层搅拌桩施工挤土效应分析

深层搅拌桩作为软土地基处理的一种新方法,正越来越多地被应用到基础工程中去。实践证明,深层搅拌桩也存在挤土效应。结合工程实例,对相关的墙体侧向位移和管道沉降的监测数据进行了分析,总结出了搅拌桩挤土效应的特点及其在不同的施工工艺所表现出来的规律,并分析了可能导致这些规律的原因。用Sagaseta的源-汇理论得到的位移计算公式对这些规律进行了研究。     

地质摩擦学——摩擦学在地球科学中的应用与发展

近十几年来,摩擦学学者也开始对地质摩擦现象发生兴趣,并提出了“地质摩擦学”这个概念。然而,人们对地质摩擦学的定义、研究对象、研究范围、理论基础和研究方法都还缺乏明确的认识。因此,文章在综述地质摩擦现象及其研究概况的基础上,通过分析地质摩擦学形成与发展的过程,应用关于科学发展的库恩模型分析了地质摩擦学的发展,并提出了地质摩擦学的定义,确定了其研究对象和范围,建立了地质摩擦学的学科框架,从而为地质摩擦学的进一步发展奠定了初步基础。认为建立地质摩擦学,将使摩擦学和地球科学这两方面的研究人员紧密地联合起来,统一处理和研究地质摩擦现象,这样就能够更有效地把摩擦学和地球科学各分支学科的理论和方法综合应用到地质摩擦现象的研究中去,以解决分散在地学领域各分支学科中的由于缺乏某些更有效的研究方法而难以解决的问题。     

Onset of aridity in southern Western Australia—a preliminary palaeomagnetic appraisal

The timing of the onset of full arid conditions in southern Western Australia during the late Cenozoic remains uncertain. The playas and associated sedimentary sequences preserved as part of the Tertiary palaeodrainage networks, which are widely developed in Western Australia, provide the stratigraphic evidence necessary to resolve this issue. Lake Lefroy forms part of a chain of playas that occur in the eastern Yilgarn Craton. These lake chains are the remnants of a once external palaeodrainage system, developed in pre-Eocene times. Eocene non-marine to marginal marine sequences were deposited in the palaeodrainage as channel infills. The low relief area of the palaeodrainage featured a permanent to semi-permanent lacustrine environment during post-Eocene times, and fine-grained red–brown clastic clay up to 10 m in thickness was deposited over an extensive area. A significant hydrological transition, as inferred by the litho-sedimentary change from freshwater clay to evaporitic gypsum-dominated sedimentation, took place in the late Cenozoic. The extensive freshwater system changed to the saline/deflation playas that characterises this landscape today. A detailed palaeomagnetic study was carried out on the lacustrine clay unit and the overlying evaporitic gypsum unit in Lake Lefroy. Results from drill core and pit wall exposures have provided the first time constraints for these sequences. Age estimates, based on extrapolation from the Brunhes/Matuyama geomagnetic boundary, suggest that the gypsum-dominated sedimentation and by inference, full arid conditions in Lake Lefroy, commenced within the Brunhes Normal Polarity Chron, probably within the last 500 Ka. This age is considerably younger than previously thought, but appears to bear some correspondence to similar claims to the age of the onset of aridity in southeast and central Australia. Evidence emerging from the inland dune field to the surrounding oceans suggests a trend of increasing aridity during the Quaternary in Australia. The onset of full aridity may well indicate that the impact of global glacial–interglacial cycles on Australian climate, especially the large scale glacial ‘dryness' resulted from the 100 Ka astronomic variations reached beyond its threshold.     

Late Neogene loess deposition in southern Tarim Basin: tectonic and palaeoenvironmental implications

Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau during the late Cainozoic resulted in a thick apron of molassic sediments along the northern piedmonts of the Kunlun and Altyn Mountains in the southern Tarim Basin. Early Neogene sediments are characterised by sandstone, siltstone and red mudstone, representing floodplain to distal alluvial fan environments. The Early Pliocene Artux Formation consists of medium-grained sandstone and sandy mudstone with thin layers of fine pebbly gritstone. The Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene Xiyu Formation is dominated by pebble to boulder conglomerate typical of alluvial fan debris flow deposits. Sedimentological investigation, together with grain size and chemical analyses of siltstone bands intercalated with sandstone and conglomerate in the Xiyu and Artux Formations, point to an aeolian origin, suggesting desertic conditions in the Tarim Basin by the Early Pliocene. The onset of aeolian sedimentation in the southern Tarim Basin coincided with uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau inferred from the lithofacies change from fine-grained mudstone and sandstone to coarse clasts. Tibetan Plateau uplift resulted in the shift of sedimentary environments northwards into the southern Tarim Basin, and could well have triggered the onset of full aridity in the Taklimakan region as a whole.     

Accessing Multi-Source Geological Data through Network in MORPAS Software System

MORPAS is a special GIS (geographic information system) software system, based on the MAPGIS platform whose aim is to prospect and evaluate mineral resources quantificationally by synthesizing geological, geophysical, geochemical and remote sensing data. It overlays geological database management, geological background and geological abnormality analysis, image processing of remote sensing and comprehensive abnormality analysis, etc.. It puts forward and integrative solution for the application of GIS in basic-level units and the construction of information engineering in the geological field. As the polularization of computer networks and the request of data sharing, it is necessary to extend its funictions in data management so that all its data files can be accessed in the network server. The paper utilizes some MAPGIS functions for the second development and ADO (access data object) technique to qccess multi-source geological data in SQL Server databases. Then remote visiting and congruous management will be realized in the MORPAS system.     

点状、线状和面状地图符号数学定义的研究

根据集合论和拓扑学的有关理论，导出了点状地图符号、线状地图符号和面状地图符号的数字定义。阐述了图形和背景的相互依存关系以及它们在传输地理信息中的整体功能。     

景观偏好研究进展及地理学响应探讨

以Web of Science和中国知识资源总库为数据来源,进行知识图谱分析发现：2009年以来,景观偏好研究发展较快,涉及学科多、主题广泛;国际以文化生态系统服务、公众偏好、美学分析等为研究方向;国内围绕居民、游客和公共绿地等开展研究;学术共同体未形成,地理学者较少;地理学对景观偏好研究的响应国际上以技术应用为主,国内集中在旅游地理方向。景观偏好聚焦于人景互动和人的尺度,符合地理学核心主题,与人文地理学发展契合。积极响应景观偏好研究,将为地理学研究拓展小微尺度、深入揭示新时代人地关系提供新领域。     

黄河流域城市群产业高质量发展时空格局演变研究

以黄河流域城市群为研究空间单元,通过文献梳理识别流域产业高质量发展内涵,构建产业高质量发展评价指标体系,分析黄河流域城市群产业高质量发展的时空过程。研究结果显示：自2000年以来,黄河流域城市群产业高质量发展水平整体呈上升状态,并且由初始相对均衡转为东中西阶梯状递减的流域分异特征。产业各维度发展指数呈现不同的空间特征。产业活力、创新效率方面,上、中、下游分异明显;各城市群面临不同的产业结构性问题;上中游城市群产业空间联系不足,与中下游城市群差距在扩大;各城市群产业发展带来的生态环境压力趋于加重,黄河流域中游城市群成为环境污染的高值区。     

南海北部陆坡沉积记录的全新世早期夏季风极强事件

在AMS14C精确定年的基础上,通过南海北部MD05-2905站高分辨率的氧同位素、粒度、元素分析,其结果显示所有指标均在11.2～8.5kaB.P.期间发生异常,根据夏季风指标认为这是夏季风极强事件。将本站位相同纬度（20°N）的夏季平均日辐射量与季风指标进行对比,发现全新世早期（11.2～8.5kaB.P.）东亚夏季风极强事件对应着夏季太阳辐射量最大值和热带辐合带（ITCZ）的位置向北移动,说明全新世早期夏季风突然增强可能是在岁差周期控制下,较高的太阳辐射量驱动了热带辐合带（ITCZ）及其有关的雨场向北移动,在南海北部产生了大量的降水,导致氧同位素偏负、碳酸盐的含量较低以及线性沉积速率较高。这与前人对相邻地区湖光岩玛珥湖的孢粉研究、江西南岭地区泥炭的记录以及中国南方石笋记录的研究结果相吻合。该季风最强事件与阿拉伯海发现的早全新世季风最强事件以及根据格陵兰冰芯记录的早全新世甲烷最大值推测低纬地区湿地扩张相一致,这反映了南海北部全新世早期与全球低纬地区早全新世气候变化格局一致。