某高陡边坡结构特征与地质灾害防治

营盘山高陡边坡最大坡高110m,沿坡面走向宽400m,是缓倾内层状岩质高边坡的典型代表。据高陡边坡结构特征,将其划分为上部天然陡崖、中部斜坡崩积体和下部采石陡壁三段,并分别阐述了高陡边坡结构特征对地质灾害的控制作用,及相应的地质灾害防治措施。     

中国地震电磁现象的观测与研究

对近年来中国地震电磁现象(包括地面电磁场、大气电场、地磁脉冲和电离层扰动等)的观测研究进行了重点介绍。     

Evaluation of the real-time TRMM-based multi-satellite precipitation analysis for an operational flood prediction system in Nzoia Basin,Lake Victoria,Africa

Many researchers seek to take advantage of the recently available and virtually uninterrupted supply of satellite-based rainfall information as an alternative and supplement to the ground-based observations in order to implement a cost-effective flood prediction in many under-gauged regions around the world. Recently, NASA Applied Science Program has partnered with USAID and African-RCMRD to implement an operational water-hazard warning system, SERVIR-Africa. The ultimate goal of the project is to build up disaster management capacity in East Africa by providing local governmental officials and international aid organizations a practical decision-support tool in order to better assess emerging flood impacts and to quantify spatial extent of flood risk, as well as to respond to such flood emergencies more expediently. The objective of this article is to evaluate the applicability of integrating NASA’s standard satellite precipitation product with a flood prediction model for disaster management in Nzoia, sub-basin of Lake Victoria, Africa. This research first evaluated the TMPA real-time rainfall data against gauged rainfall data from the year 2002 through 2006. Then, the gridded Xinanjiang Model was calibrated to Nzoia basin for period of 1985–2006. Benchmark streamflow simulations were produced with the calibrated hydrological model using the rain gauge and observed streamflow data. Afterward, continuous discharge predictions forced by TMPA 3B42RT real-time data from 2002 through 2006 were simulated, and acceptable results were obtained in comparison with the benchmark performance according to the designated statistic indices such as bias ratio (20%) and NSCE (0.67). Moreover, it is identified that the flood prediction results were improved with systematically bias-corrected TMPA rainfall data with less bias (3.6%) and higher NSCE (0.71). Although the results justify to suggest to us that TMPA real-time data can be acceptably used to drive hydrological models for flood prediction purpose in Nzoia basin, continuous progress in space-borne rainfall estimation technology toward higher accuracy and higher spatial resolution is highly appreciated. Finally, it is also highly recommended that to increase flood forecasting lead time, more reliable and more accurate short- or medium-range quantitative precipitation forecasts is a must.     

Emergency responses to water disasters in coalmines,China

Emergency response to water-related disasters is an important part of many coalmine operations in China. It usually consists of both incident prevention measures and rescue counter-plans. In principle, prevention is always the top priority, followed by rescue. The prevention measures relies on thorough understanding of the mine hydrogeology, correct identification of water burst risk levels, and an effective monitoring program for inundations. The emergency rescue is initiated when an accident occurs, and a rescue plan often includes a self-rescue and mutual-rescue program.     

Development of experimental apparatus about reverse circulation bit

A set of experimental apparatus on reverse circulation bit are developed, in order to lucubrate the mechanism of the new type reverse circulation bits, and the structure of the bits influencing the ability of taking core and carrying powder.Both the major structure of the equipment and the procession of experiment are described.     

基于Web GIS的有害生物灾害评估研究与实现

该文引入生物相似距模型,综合温度、湿度、降水等生物适生因素,求解有害生物适生指标;通过MapXtreme将有害生物适生指标进行可视化表达和灾害风险评估分析,并阐述生物相似距模型与网络地理信息系统的集成以及适生指标提取过程。     

高分辨率Radon变换方法及其在地震信号处理中的应用

Radon变换方法在地震资料处理中广泛采用,在地震同相轴识别和估计方面具有良好效果．无论是倾斜叠加,还是广义Radon变换方法,一般采用最小二乘反演方法实现．目前,在提高反演算法的效率和分辨率方面仍值得研究．本文从倾斜叠加的定义出发,阐明Radon变换分辨率问题的来源和解决办法．采用最小二乘反演方法研究高分辨率抛物线Radon变换和双曲Radon变换时,给出稀疏约束预条件共轭梯度法求解的高分辨率Radon变换的实现方法,同阻尼最小二乘方法相比,分辨率和精度明显提高,文中给出了模型算例．根据有效波和多次波NMO后剩余时差不同,采用高分辨率抛物线和双曲Radon变换可以压制多次波,分别给出了方法原理,最后给出应用实例．研究表明,稀疏约束预条件共轭梯度法可以有效实现高分辨率Radon变换;数值算例表明,算法计算效率和精度较高,可以更好地实现多次波压制．     

Sino‐Kharosthi and Sino‐Brahmi coins from the silk road of western China identified with stylistic and mineralogical evidence

Three coins of the Khotan horse, or Sino‐Kharosthi, style from Xinjiang province of China were recently obtained from a coin dealer. Because the archaeological context of these coins remains unknown, we conducted chemical and stylistic analyses to help determine their authenticity. Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) and wavelength dispersive X‐ray (WDX or microprobe) measurements indicate that they are red (pure) copper and bronze coins, with one coin containing 4.2% Ag. Metal content and the presence of secondary minerals formed through weathering indicate that these are authentic ancient coins that were buried in a dry environment. All three coins bear Chinese characters; one shows Kharosthi, and two display Brahmi, a popular language in Khotan from A.D. 260 to 282. This indicates that the Sino‐Brahmi coins were made slightly later than the Sino‐Kharosthi coins, which were made before A.D. 260. These specimens represent the first Sino‐Brahmi coin and 20‐zhu coin ever reported in the literature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Hazardous Heavy Metal Distribution in Dahuofang Catchment,Fushun, Liaoning,an Important Industry City in China: A Case Study

Located in Liaoning Province, one of the traditional heavy industrial areas in China, Dahuofang Reservoir provides drinking water for nearly 30 000 000 citizens, as well as industrial and agricultural water for dozens of several cities and rural areas. The distribution of hazardous heavy metals is described in several types of soil, crops, and in different industrial or mining areas and main sewage irrigation areas. Five possible reasons that may cause the pollution are analyzed and listed. Also we provide some pragmatic suggestions for the remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soils.