全文获取类型
收费全文 | 175篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 2篇 |
大气科学 | 31篇 |
地球物理 | 59篇 |
地质学 | 74篇 |
海洋学 | 7篇 |
天文学 | 13篇 |
自然地理 | 6篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 15篇 |
2012年 | 10篇 |
2011年 | 15篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 14篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有192条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
71.
Thomas Lebourg Hernandez Mickael Jomard Herv�� El Bedoui Bedoui Samyr Bois Thomas Zerathe Swann Tric Emmanuel Vidal Maurin Jr 《Landslides》2011,8(2):241-252
After a few years of research, the observation and the analysis of the deep-seated landslides suggest that these are mainly controlled by tectonic structures, which play a dominant role in the deformation of massif slopes. The La Clapière deep-seated landslide (Argentera Mercantour massif) is embedded in a deep-seated gravitational slope deformation affecting the entire slope, and characterized by specific landforms (trenches, scarps??). Onsite, the tangential displacement direction of the trenches and the scarps are controlled by the tectonic structures. The reactivation of the inherited fault in gravitational faults create a gouge material exposed to an additional mechanical and chemical weathering as well as an increased of leaching. The displacement of these reactivated faults gets increasingly important around the area of the La Clapière landslide and this since 3.6?ka BP. In this study, mechanical analysis and grain size distributions were performed and these data were analysed according to their proximity the La Clapiere landslide and times of initiation of the landslide by 10Be dating. Triaxial test results show that the effective cohesion decreases and the effective angle of internal friction increases from the unweathered area to the weathered area. The whole distribution of the grain size indicates that the further the shear zone is open or developed, the further the residual material loses its finest particles. This paper suggests that the mechanical evolution along the reactivated fault is influenced by the leaching processes. For the first time, we can extract from these data temporal behaviour of the two main mechanical parameters (cohesion and angle of internal friction) from the beginning of the La Clapiere landslide initiation (3.6 ka BP) to now. 相似文献
72.
Hervé Martin Philippe Claeys Muriel Gargaud Daniele Pinti Franck Selsis 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2006,98(1-4):205-245
On Earth, the Archaean aeon lasted from 4.0 to 2.5 Ga; it corresponds to a relatively stable period. Compared with today, internal Earth heat production was several times greater resulting in high geothermal flux that induced the genesis of rocks such as komatiites and TTG suites, which are no more generated on Earth since 2.5 Ga. Similarly, the details of plate tectonic modalities (plate size, plate motion rate, plate thickness, tectonic style, irregular crustal growth, etc...) were different of modern plate tectonics. Both atmosphere and ocean compositions have been progressively modified and the greater heat production favoured the development of hydrothermalism and therefore created niches potentially favourable for the development of some forms of life. Catastrophic events such as giant meteorite falls or world-sized glaciations drastically and suddenly changed the environment of Earth surface, thus being able to strongly affect development of life. Even if specialists still debate about the age of the oldest indubitable fossil trace of life, Archaean can be considered as having been extremely favourable for life development and diversification. 相似文献
73.
Zhi Zhang Hossein Ghaffarian Bruce MacVicar Lise Vaudor Aurélie Antonio Kristell Michel Hervé Piégay 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(4):822-836
Wood flux (piece number per time interval) is a key parameter for understanding wood budgeting, determining the controlling factors, and managing flood risk in a river basin. Quantitative wood flux data is critically needed to improve the understanding of wood dynamics and estimate wood discharge in rivers. In this study, the streamside videography technique was applied to detect wood passage and measure instantaneous rates of wood transport. The goal was to better understand how wood flux responds to flood and wind events and then predict wood flux. In total, one exceptional wind and seven flood events were monitored on the Ain River, France, and around 24,000 wood pieces were detected visually. It is confirmed that, in general, there is a threshold of wood motion in the river equal to 60% of bankfull discharge. However, in a flood following a windy day, no obvious threshold for wood motion was observed, which confirms that wind is important for the preparation of wood for transport between floods. In two multi-peak floods, around two-thirds of the total amount of wood was delivered on the first peak, which confirms the importance of the time between floods for predicting wood fluxes. Moreover, we found an empirical relation between wood frequency and wood discharge, which is used to estimate the total wood amount produced by each of the floods. The data set is then used to develop a random forest regression model to predict wood frequency as a function of three input variables that are derived from the flow hydrograph. The model calculates the total wood volume either during day or night based on the video monitoring technique for the first time, which expands its utility for wood budgeting in a watershed. A one-to-one link is then established between the fraction of detected pieces of wood and the dimensionless parameter “passing time × frame rate ”, which provides a general guideline for the design of monitoring stations. 相似文献
74.
AbstractThis study was conducted as part of the European LIFE Loire Nature program for the conservation and management of a 110-km-long section of the Loire and Allier rivers, an area renowned for its ecological richness. The methodological approach is based on statistical analysis (bivariate and multivariate analyses) of hydro-geomorphologic and biogeographical variables, complemented by reach typology and mapping. The main results show, on the one hand, the great spatial variability of fluvial mosaic complexity along the river continuum and on the other hand, some independence between the riparian forest characteristics and the channel forms. The fluvial pattern (e.g. anabranching) and the forest establishment along the Loire river register specific features. © 2000 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS 相似文献
75.
Vincent Wawrzyniak Hervé Piégay Alain Poirel 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2012,74(3):405-414
Understanding the thermal regime of rivers is a key issue for predicting ecosystem change in the context of global warming. However, water temperature is not only influenced by air temperature. To better highlight relative contribution of factors controlling water temperature, we used satellite thermal infrared (TIR) images from Landsat ETM+ to investigate longitudinal and temporal variations in thermal patterns of the French Rh?ne River. Because satellite TIR remote sensing is limited to large rivers, we used an automated water extraction technique to remove pixels contaminated by terrestrial surfaces. We calculated water surface temperatures of the 500?km long reach for 83 dates between 1999 and 2009. The average accuracy and uncertainty of our data, ±1.1 and ±0.4°C for reaches with more than 3?pixels across and ±1.4 and ±0.5°C for reaches with one to 3?pixels across, are comparable to other satellite TIR studies of rivers. Our results confirmed previous studies on the thermal impacts of tributaries and nuclear power plants on the Rh?ne, providing an understanding of their seasonal pattern and their longitudinal impact. We showed temperature differences of 0?C2°C within the largest hydroelectric bypass facilities between the bypass section and the canal, with Montélimar and Caderousse showing the most pronounced differences. Discussion points concern the potential impacts of tributaries and nuclear power plants on the spatio-temporal thermal patterns, as well as the factors responsible for thermal differences in the bypass facilities: length and minimum flow of the bypass section, and tributaries coming into this reach. 相似文献
76.
Hervé Le Treut 《Surveys in Geophysics》2012,33(3-4):723-731
The past record of global earth surface temperatures is unable to offer quantitative evidence about the amplitude of climate sensitivity, due to the competing effects of long-lived greenhouse gases and short-lived aerosols. This factor constitutes one of the reasons why uncertainties about climate sensitivity have remained almost unchanged for more than 30 years, and it is also limiting our current capacity to propose reliable climate projections for the coming century. This paper offers a short review of the studies that have dealt with this issue. A number of approaches aim at a process-oriented diagnostic of current models. These studies are in constant progress since the launch of remote-sensing instruments, such as those from the A-train satellite constellation. Past climate fluctuations may also offer some limited possibilities to discriminate the effects of greenhouse gases and aerosols. There is therefore a real hope that climate projections may eventually become more accurate, which would be extremely useful in monitoring global warming during the next decades. 相似文献
77.
The transport of wood in rivers during floods is an important process that underlies differences in habitat and morphology between water courses and regions. Quantitative data are needed to properly address management objectives and balance wood budgets. In this study we use a streamside video camera to detect wood passage and measure quasi‐instantaneous rates of wood transport in the Ain River, France. The objectives are to verify the procedure, describe the relation between wood transport and discharge, and construct and validate a wood budget for the reach upstream of the camera. Verification of the procedure includes tests of detection frequency, wood velocity, and piece size. A log base two transformation is proposed to classify wood by piece length. It was found that a wood transport threshold occurs at approximately two thirds of the bankfull discharge. Wood transport follows a positive linear relation with discharge up to the bankfull discharge but is both more variable and less sensitive to discharge when the floodplain is inundated. Transport rates are approximately four times higher on the rising limb of the hydrograph than on the falling limb. Wood transport estimates from a three‐stage rating curve are two to 10 times higher than those from a wood budget using local and aerial surveys of upstream dynamics. Future work should address uncertainties related to wood diameter measurements, sampling length and frequency, and antecedent floods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
78.
Elsa Mohino Serge Janicot Hervé Douville Laurent Z. X. Li 《Climate Dynamics》2012,38(11-12):2319-2334
Observational evidence suggests a link between the summer Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) and anomalous convection over West Africa. This link is further studied with the help of the LMDZ atmospheric general circulation model. The approach is based on nudging the model towards the reanalysis in the Asian monsoon region. The simulation successfully captures the convection associated with the summer MJO in the nudging region. Outside this region the model is free to evolve. Over West Africa it simulates convection anomalies that are similar in magnitude, structure, and timing to the observed ones. In accordance with the observations, the simulation shows that 15–20?days after the maximum increase (decrease) of convection in the Indian Ocean there is a significant reduction (increase) in West African convection. The simulation strongly suggests that in addition to the eastward-moving MJO signal, the westward propagation of a convectively coupled equatorial Rossby wave is needed to explain the overall impact of the MJO on convection over West Africa. These results highlight the use of MJO events to potentially predict regional-scale anomalous convection and rainfall spells over West Africa with a time lag of approximately 15–20?days. 相似文献
79.
Bruno Reynard Razvan Caracas Hervé Cardon Gilles Montagnac Sébastien Merkel 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2019,351(2-3):71-79
The Raman frequencies of quartz are used to evaluate deviatoric stresses in rocksalt-structure media in diamond-anvil cell experiments to pressures up to 20 GPa. The piezospectroscopic effect in quartz is modeled by first-principles calculations. Non-hydrostatic stresses measured in halogen salts give yield strength estimates of 3 GPa in the B1 structure (NaCl), and 4.5 GPa for the B2 structure (KCl and KBr). Raman measurements in MgO show that the yield strength is reached at around 6 ± 1 GPa. Measurements on quartz alone indicate similar yield strength. The estimated yield strength in MgO is thus likely a lower bound, in consistency with former radial X-ray diffraction measurements that gave a yield strength of 8 ± 1 GPa, and lower-pressure large-volume press experiments indicating a yield strength of 6 GPa at 5 GPa. Former values of the yield strength below 2 GPa determined by pressure gradient measurements were underestimated due to unverified assumptions in boundary conditions. The yield strength increases with increasing coordination of ionic solids, likely contributing to increase viscosity at phase transitions near the upper–lower mantle boundary. 相似文献
80.
Rob Westaway Hervé Guillou Ali Seyrek Tuncer Demir David Bridgland Stéphane Scaillet Anthony Beck 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(3):601-625
We document the staircase of terraces of the River Tigris in the Diyarbakır area of SE Turkey, in the northern Arabian Platform,
and improve control on the ages of these terrace deposits by dating of overlying basalt flows using the unspiked K–Ar technique.
These fluvial terraces are formed of polymict gravel, including clasts derived from the Anatolian metamorphic terrane farther
north as well as of local basalt. At least 9 Tigris terraces have been recognised so far, the highest of which, ∼200 m above
present river level, marks the local transition from stacked deposition to fluvial incision, the timing of which is bounded
between the mid Late Miocene and the Middle Pliocene. Our K–Ar dating indicates a hiatus in fluvial incision in the late Early
Pleistocene, as basalts dated to 1.22 ± 0.02 and 1.07 ± 0.03 Ma overlie Tigris gravels at very similar levels, ∼60–70 m above
the present river. The lower terraces record the subsequent entrenchment of the modern Tigris valley following an increase
in incision rates in the early Middle Pleistocene, evident from the disposition of younger basalt, dated to 0.43 ± 0.02 Ma,
capping fluvial gravel only ∼21–22 m above the present river level. Numerical modelling can account for the observed uplift
history, as the response to coupling between surface processes and induced flow in the lower crust, with the mobile lower-crust
thin (∼5–7 km thick), consistent with the known presence of a thick layer of mafic underplating at the base of the crust beneath
the Arabian Platform.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献