九段沙湿地自然保护区执法模式初探

湿地执法管理是湿地保护的重要手段,探讨了九段沙湿地执法管理的3种模式:单一执法、联合执法、综合执法。根据九段沙湿地现状,认为综合执法是九段沙湿地保护和管理的最佳模式,它将为上海市的国际化生态城市的建设和经济的可持续发展起到积极作用。     

城市游憩场点系统结构分形及优化——以苏州市区为例

以苏州市区为例,采用Zipf分维数、空间关联维数以及交通长度－半径维数三个指标,分别对城市游憩场点系统的等级结构、空间结构及交通网络通达性进行分维刻画。研究发现:首先,苏州游憩场点系统及其交通道路支持系统都具有较好的分形特性;其次,各分维指标能够准确地刻画城市游憩场点系统及交通道路支持系统的结构分异,可以为游憩场点系统的结构优化提供标准依据并指明方向;其三,苏州游憩场点系统的等级结构和空间结构均呈现出一种核心松散、外围紧致的结构递变趋势,自组织能力的离心化现象比较突出;最后,从分形几何和系统论的角度揭示、证实了游憩场点系统和旅游景点系统在结构分形及自组织演化上存在着显著差异。     

Tracing carbon transfer and assimilation by invertebrates and fish across a tropical mangrove ecosystem using stable isotopes

Mangroves are highly productive ecosystems that exhibit a diverse range of habitats, including tidal creeks and flats, forest gaps and interior forest with varying understory light intensity, tidal dynamics, geomorphological settings, and overall biological production. Within mangrove ecosystems, invertebrates and fish feed on heterogeneous food sources, the occurrence of which is unevenly distributed across the system. This provides a basis for testing models of carbon transfer across mangrove ecosystems. We hypothesized that the carbon transfer and assimilation by fish and invertebrates will vary across the different mangrove habitats and that such variations can be predicted by their stable isotope compositions. We analysed δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N signatures of consumers and their potential organic carbon sources across a tropical mangrove ecosystem in Vietnam. The δ¹³C values of crabs and snails significantly decreased from the tidal flat to interior forest, indicating that variations in carbon transfer and assimilation occurred at small scales <30 m. Reduced variation in δ¹³C of suspension‐feeding bivalves suggested that tidal water was a vector for large‐scale transport of carbon across the mangrove ecosystem. An analysis of co‐variance using habitat as a fixed factor and feeding habit and movement capacity of consumers as co‐variates indicated that habitat and feeding types were major features that affected the δ¹³C values of invertebrates and fish. The findings demonstrate that carbon transfer and assimilation across mangrove ecosystems occur as a diverse combination of small (<30 m) and large (>30 m) scale processes.     

Livelihood differentiation between two villages in Yesanpo Tourism District in China

The rapidly developing rural tourism industry in China has deeply influenced the livelihoods of rural households. This study compares the impact of rural tourism development in poor areas on the farmers’ livelihoods, based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework proposed by the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development. Gougezhuang, a tourist village, and Jiaojiekou, a non-tourist village, both located in Yesanpo Tourism District in the state-level povertystricken Laishui County, Hebei Province, were selected as case studies. The livelihood models of the two villages show great differentiation after 20 years of tourism development. Gougezhuang Village has been driven by the tourism industry and farmers are employed locally, enjoying a relatively higher-income life, with a developmental livelihood model. In contrast, farmers in Jiaojiekou Village earn their living mainly by leaving home to work in the city. They have a low income, with a survival livelihood model, supported by part-time business. Considering that the two villages are adjacent and have similar development backgrounds, the analysis results indicate that rural tourism has an apparent locationspecific effect on poverty alleviation and socioeconomic development, but the development of rural tourism is limited regarding large-scale poverty alleviation efforts in poor areas. To implement a propoor- tourism strategy and achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to implement comprehensive management measures to change the local conditions of rural settlements and make full use of the spillover effect of tourist consumption.     

中国8级大震研究及防震减灾学术讨论会将于2001年6月25～27日在兰州召开

由中国地震学会和甘肃省地震局联合举办的“中国 8级大震研究及防震减灾学术讨论会”将于 2 0 0 1年 6月 2 5～ 2 7日在兰州市召开。会议活动安排有 1大会报告 ;2专题报告 ;3学术论文报告分组讨论会 ;4会后考察。会后考察为2个路线。 1线 :兰州—海原—古浪—敦煌 (6月2 8日～ 7月 3日 ) ;2线 :兰州—天水 (6月 2 8日～ 7月 1日 )。欲参会者请与中国地震学会有关专业委员会联系中国8级大震研究及防震减灾学术讨论会将于2001年6月25～27日在兰州召开@董泰     

The Use of a Standpipe to Evaluate Ground Water Samplers

A standpipe system was developed for testing the reliability of ground water samplers. The unit consists of a stainless steel pipe 5 inches (13 centimeters) in diameter and 100 feet (30.5 meters) in height. It has 14 sampling ports from which control samples can be withdrawn at the same time and position as the samples are collected by a sampler lowered to that position. Test solutions were made in two mixing tanks, totaling 260 gallons (980 liters), by diluting the concentrate of five volatile chlorohydrocarbons in water at two levels of concentration: 10-to-30 and 100-to-200 parts per billion (micrograms per liter).
A gas chromatograph interfaced with a purge-and-trap system was used to perform the analyses. Comparisons of the control samples with the sampler-collected samples have indicated that the three non-pumping samplers had recoveries in the range of 92.4 to 103.5 percent and the three pumping samplers had recoveries ranging from 97.7 to 101.5 percent.     

Responses of the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis (L.) to suspended solids

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the lethal and sublethal effects of suspended solids on the survival and physiological, behavourial and morphological changes of the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis collected from Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. Results showed that P. viridis survived in all test conditions of suspended solids from 0 to 1200 mg/l over a period of 96 h. Physiological responses of the green-lipped mussel under 14-d exposure of suspended solids from 0 to 600 mg/l, followed by 14-d recovery in natural seawater, revealed no significant changes (p>0.05) in oxygen consumption and dry gonosomatic index for treatments in different concentrations of suspended solids and exposure time. Changes in clearance rate were only found to be significant (p<0.001) with exposure time. Responses in behavourial and morphological changes of the green-lipped mussel were also studied under similar experimental treatments and exposure time. Byssus production was significantly (p<0.001) related to exposure time. Gill damage, however, was significantly greater in treatments (p<0.001). Present findings suggested that P. viridis could tolerate a high level of suspended solids in the laboratory. There were dose-dependent effects of suspended solids on morphology of gill filaments. Implications of survival and responses of the green-lipped mussel to suspended solids in the marine environment are discussed.     

钢骨混凝土异形柱正截面承载力及延性计算分析

用条带法对不同轴压比下钢骨混凝土异形柱正截面的承载力和延性进行了计算分析，绘制了相应的M-φ曲线。同时计算分析了在轴压力相同的情况下，随着含钢骨率的变化，钢骨混凝土异形柱承载力和延性的变化情况。文中的结论可供抗震设计参考。     

超轻型飞机在山区测绘航摄初获成功

作者在福建省南平山区用超轻型飞机完成的测绘航摄任务的基础上,阐述了开展这项试验的现实意义;介绍了试验所采用的机型和设备以及试验的成果;讨论了影响飞行质量的因素及其解决办法;肯定了采用超轻型飞机在山区进行测绘航摄的可能性;提出了进一步开展这项试验研究的设想。