Comparison of Backscatter Ultraviolet (BUV) and ground-based total ozone fields for December 1970

For the period December 1970, comparison is made between the monthly average analyses (mapped fields) of the Backscatter Ultraviolet (BUV) total ozone data and the ground-based observations. In particular, significant differences of over 50 Dobson units are noted over the region of the North Atlantic Ocean with the BUV of greater magnitude than the ground-based data. As part of the overall verification program, both analyses are compared against the 100 mb height fields. The results indicate that the BUV analysis in the region of question is the more consistent of the two.     

The Santa Barbara earthquake of 13 august, 1978

Although the Santa Barbara earthquake was only a moderate seismic event, it was the most destructive earthquake in the United States in 1978 causing more than $7 million damage and at least 65 injuries. Reported Richter magnitudes ranged from 5–1 to 5–7, but estimates based on strong motion records yielded about 5–8. Due to the geologic features of the earthquake, the intensity of strong shaking was geographically asymmetrical, being much larger in the Goleta area north and west of the epicentre. Peak ground accelerations of 0–40 g were recorded near Goleta, while 0–23 g was recorded closer to the epicentre in Santa Barbara. The duration of strongest shaking was only about 2–3 s. The earthquake caused light cracking of shear walls in multi-storey reinforced concrete structures, as well as damage to highway overcrossings, many mobile homes and to rooftop mechanical equipment. Presented in this paper are the results of preliminary investigations of the engineering features of this earthquake.     

Strain determination from the measurement of pebble shapes: A modification

A previously described method of combining measurements of numerous pebble cross-sections in three orthogonal planes into a single average ellipsoid was found to be in need of improvement. The method of reconciling redundancies and of distributing the errors can be left unchanged. The original measurements of principal half-axes, however, rather than being normalized as the ratios of larger half-axes divided by the smaller, should be normalized so that they produce ellipses of standard area. The coefficients of ellipses so normalized will produce distributions with a pronounced central tendency even in those cases that produce markedly skewed distributions of coefficients for ellipses normalized by the former method. Equations of the previous paper that must be amended are given in their new form.     

Ein verbessertes Strukturmodell für die Ostalpen,abgeleitet aus refraktions-seismischen Daten unter Berücksichtigung des Alpen-Längsprofils

Zusammenfassung Die Vermessung des Alpen-Längsprofils 1975 lieferte unter anderem Daten zur verbesserten Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeits-Tiefen-Verteilung unter dem Alpen-Hauptkamm. Diese Geschwindigkeits-Tiefen-Verteilung ist charakterisiert durch eine mächtige Inversionszone im Tiefenbereich zwischen 20 und 30 km — sie liegt somit tiefer als bei früheren Modellen — sowie eine weitere weniger ausgeprägte Inversionszone in der Unterkruste. Eine mit diesen Ergebnissen konsistente Reinterpretation des EschenloheSüdost-Profils ermöglichte die Konstruktion eines zweidimensionalen Krustenmodells längs der Linie Eschenlohe-Triest. Dieses Modell ist auch in guter Übereinstimmung mit Ergebnissen der Refraktionsprofile Eschenlohe-Ost und Lago Lagorai-Ost. Darüber hinaus befriedigt es Laufzeitbeobachtungen von Nachbeben aus der Region Friaul.

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Refraction seismic measurements along the Alpine Longitudinal Profile 1975 yielded among other things data for a reliable determination of the velocity-depth distribution beneath the crest of the Alps. This velocity-depth distribution is characterized by a rather thick inversion zone in the depth range between 20 and 30 km — which is deeper than with earlier models — as well as another less pronounced one in the lower crust. A reinterpretation of the Eschenlohe-Southeast profile consistent with these new data allowed the development of a two-dimensional crustal model along the line Eschenlohe-Trieste. This model is in excellent agreement with results from refraction profiles Eschenlohe-East and Lago Lagorai-East. It furthermore satisfies travel time observations from aftershocks of the Friulian earthquake.

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Résumé La campagne ALP 1975 a permis entre autres de donner une meilleure détermination de la répartition de la vitesse en profondeur v(z) sous la crête principale des Alpes. Celle-ci est caractérisée par une épaisse zone d'inversion de vitesse (LVZ) entre 20 et 30 km, donc plus profonde que les modèles antérieurs, et une seconde zone d'inversion moins prononcée dans la croûte inférieure. Tenant compte de ces résultats nous avons fait une réinterprétation du profil Eschenlohe-Sud-Est, ce qui nous permet de construire une coupe structurale de la croûte le long de la ligne Eschenlohe-Trieste. Ce modèle est en bon accord avec les résultats des profils Eschenlohe-Est et Lago Lagorai-Est et avec des durées de propagation déterminées pour des répliques du séïsme du Frioul.

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A Lithospheric Seismic Profile Along the Axis of the Alps; paper No. II.     

Increased susceptibility to No. 2 fuel oil coincident with initiation of particle feeding in developing mud snails,Ilyanassa obsoleta

Encapsulated embryos and free-living larvae of Ilyanassa obsoleta were exposed to concentrations of No. 2 fuel oil (water-accommodated fraction, WAF) up to 1.0 ppm. Development of velum pigmentation and release of larvae from egg capsules were delayed in the presence of 1.0 ppm WAF, but exposure to the oil did not increase developmental mortality of encapsulated individuals. Individuals which were prematurely removed from egg capsules and exposed to oil directly suffered no mortality until yolk reserves were depleted and feeding on phytoplankton commenced. Feeding, free-living larvae suffer high mortality at 1.0 ppm WAF. The reduced susceptibility of encapsulated embryos to the oil stress may therefore reflect the importance of toxicant uptake by ingestion (as opposed to diffusion) rather than the degree of protection afforded by encapsulation.     

Comparison of quartz microfabric with strain in recrystallized quartzite

The relationship between quartz c-axis microfabric and strain is examined in six specimens of recrystallized quartzite conglomerate in which strain was measured using pebble shapes. Four rocks subjected to plane strain display a direct relationship between the strength of preferred orientation and the strain intensity. The c-axis distributions in these rocks, as well as a rock subjected to moderate extensional strain, are crossed-girdles with maxima near the intermediate principal strain axis and connecting girdles at acute angles to the direction of maximum shortening. A rock subjected to moderate flattening strain has several maxima clustered near the direction of maximum shortening and a weak connecting girdle through the intermediate principal strain axis.These results are generally similar to those of other studies comparing strain and tectonite fabrics and also with experimental and computer simulation studies of fabrics. The degree of preferred orientation is related to total strain, and therefore microfabrics in quartzites may be cautiously interpreted as qualitative indicators of strain intensity. Uncertainties are greater, however, for correlations of fabric patterns with shapes of the strain ellipsoid. An observed increase in recrystallized grain sizes with increasing strain suggests that flow stress was lower in the more strained rocks.     

The Precambrian of NE Zambia in relation to the dated Kate,Mambwe and Luchewe intrusives

The Precambrian of northeastern Zambia represents a typical mid-Proterozoic granitoid basement covered by extensive subhorizontal, mainly arenitic late-Precambrian platform sediments. The roughly 4000 km² large Mambwe area contains five major regional units, namely the metamorphic series of the Bangweulu Block, the magmatic complexes, the minor granitoid intrusions, the Plateau Series and the doleritic dykes.The age of most of the granitoids, previously related to the Archean Bangweulu Block, is post-Ubendian ( 1800 Ma), while probable pre-Ubendian rocks occur only as local remnants. The Plateau Series can be correlated in age with part of the Muva system of the Copperbelt (post-Ubendian-pre-Katangan), the dolerites are of post-Kibaran age (< 1300 Ma).

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Zusammenfassung Das PrÄkambrium Nordost-Zambias besteht aus einem mittelproterozoischen granitoiden Grundgebirge, das weitrÄumig von subhorizontalen, meist arenitischen spÄtprÄkambrischen Plattformsedimenten überlagert wird. Das etwa 4000 km² gro\e Gebiet um Mambwe wird in fünf regionale Einheiten gegliedert, nÄmlich die metamorphen Serien des Bangweulu Blocks, die magmatischen Komplexe, die granitoiden Kleinintrusionen, die Plateau Serie und die doleritischen Spaltenintrusionen.Die bisher grö\tenteils dem archaischen Bangweulu Block zugerechneten intrusiven Granitoide sind post-Ubendischen Alters ( 1800 Ma), wÄhrend vermutete prÄ-Ubendische Gesteine nur als untergeordnete, lokale Relikte vorhanden sind. Die Plateau Serie kann zeitlich mit einem Teil des Muva Systems des Copperbelt (post-Ubendian bis prÄ-Katangan) korreliert werden, die doleritischen Spaltenintrusionen sind post-Kibaran einzuordnen (< 1300 Ma).

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Résumé Le Précaambrien du nord-est de la Zambie représente un développement de la croûte typique pour le ProtérozoÏque moyen. Il s'agit d'un socle granitique, largement recouvert par des sédiments subhorizontaux du type plateforme, essentiellement arénitiques. La région de Mambwe, couvrant une surface de 4000 km², est composée de cinq formations majeures: les formations métamorphiques du craton du Bangweulu, les complexes magmatiques, les intrusions mineures granitoÏdes, la Série du Plateau et les intrusions fissurales doléritiques.L'âge de la plupart des granitoÏdes, autrefois rapportés au socle archéen du Bangweulu, est post-Ubendien (+ ou –1800 Ma); des roches d'âge probablement pre-Ubendien sont d'extension réduite. La Série du Plateau peu correspondre dans le temps à une partie du Système de Muva du Copperbelt (post-Ubendien à pre-Katangien); les dolérites sont à rapporter au Post-Kibarien (< 1300 Ma).

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