山东诸城晚白垩世古地震事件与恐龙化石埋藏

在山东诸城库沟、龙骨涧、西见屯集群恐龙化石埋藏层——上白垩统王氏群辛格庄组与红土崖组中,发现存在脆性、塑性及液化等多种类型的软沉积物变形构造,主要包括负载构造、球一枕构造、挤入构造(火焰构造)、液化卷曲变形、液化脉状构造、混插沉积构造及地震断裂等典型的粗碎屑沉积物形成的古地震记录.多层的软沉积物变形构造及未变形沉积层间...     

Running safety analysis of a train on the Tsing Ma Bridge under turbulent winds

The dynamic responses of the Tsing Ma suspension bridge and the running behaviors of trains on the bridge under turbulent wind actions are analyzed by a three-dimensional wind-train-bridge interaction model. This model consists of a spatial finite element bridge model, a train model composed of eight 4-axle identical coaches of 27 degrees-of-freedom, and a turbulent wind model. The fluctuating wind forces, including the buffeting forces and the self-excited forces, act on the bridge only, since the train runs inside the bridge deck. The dynamic responses of the bridge are calculated and some results are compared with data measured from Typhoon York. The runnability of the train passing through the Tsing Ma suspension bridge at different speeds is researched under turbulent winds with different wind velocities. Then, the threshold curve of wind velocity for ensuring the running safety of the train in the bridge deck is proposed, from which the allowable train speed at different wind velocities can be determined. The numerical results show that rail traffic on the Tsing Ma suspension bridge should be closed as the mean wind velocity reaches 30 m/s.     

湘东北燕山期陆内碰撞造山带金多金属成矿地球化学

文章采用微量元素(包括稀土元素)地球化学示踪方法，着重讨论了金大规模成矿的物质来源、含矿流体来源及含矿流体运移的能量问题。认为湘东北地区金多金属矿床成矿物质和含矿流体具多来源，大规模花岗质岩浆活动能为成矿元素的活化和成矿流体运移提供巨量能源；成矿物质一部分源于深部含矿热液，可能与富铅、富氯、中高温(320℃左右)、相对还原的酸性环境下的气成热液有关，而冷家溪群及相关地层金多金属成矿物质在热液活动和动力变质作用下的活化迁移有利于金多金属的大规模成矿。侏罗纪以来，岩石圈地球动力学转折及伴随的热液作用和动力变质作用对区内金多金属成矿起重要的作用，而岩浆作用、动力作用和/或热液活动影响程度的可能差异，导致了金多金属矿床具有不同的成矿特点。     

福建永泰地区遥感影像特征研究

在综合分析福建永泰地区遥感影像特征的基础上,根据遥感图像反映出的地质信息特征,有效地解译火山—侵入杂岩区火山地层、侵入岩体、火山构造及线性、环形构造等地质内容。对提高整个地质工作的研究程度具有实际意义。     

公元1328～1330年寒冷事件的历史记录及其意义

元人刘岳申记载了公元1328、1329、1330年连续三年间,江西先后遭遇了大雪、江河结冰与夏季低温等百年罕见的寒冷气候。公元1328～1329年降雪的南界至少已达南岭;公元1329年冰冻的南界至少已达北纬27度左右的吉水县,而江西南部地区公元1330年夏季气温与我国北方坝上地区相当。此降温幅度已与17～19世纪明清小冰期中的极端寒冷年份相近,在过去2000年中亦属于并不多见的极端寒冷年份。     

The relationship between runoff and ground temperature in glacierized catchments in China

A single parameter index method, in which ground temperature and air temperature is the sole input variable, respectively, is used to evaluate and compare the glacial runoff in three typical glacier catchments, Dongkemadi glacier catchment in Tibetan plateau, Koxkar glacier catchment and the headwater catchment of Urumqi River catchment in Tianshan Mountains in West China. The method based on ground temperature is an attempt to evaluate glacier runoff in elevated terrains, as few studies have focused specifically on the association between glacier runoff and ground temperature. The results identify ground temperature versus a certain depth, which is a critical factor that affected glacier hydrological processes and showed that runoff data is much better correlated with ground temperature than air temperature. Especially, at the latter two catchments, the largest coefficients of exponential relationship R ² between glacier runoff and ground temperature are 0.9 and 0.83, respectively. The accuracy of the method makes it possible to estimate the glacier runoff with a certain depth ground temperature at a certain site, which may provide a new approach to evaluate the glacier runoff for areas where there is a lack of observation data.     

微动物探方法探测采空区

采空区探测通常采用瞬变电磁法与地震勘探方法,前者采用人工电场,后者采用人工震源,但二者施工难度大,数据采集也困难.微动探测是从台阵微动记录的垂直分量中提取瑞利波相速度频散曲线,再通过对频散曲线的反演估算地下介质S波速度,利用其低速异常解释采空区.以铜川东坡煤矿某区的探测为例,在煤层埋深50m左右、微动探测深度100m的情况下,即解释的采空区与地面电法解释的结果高度一致.     

Numerical analysis of effect of baffle configuration on impact force exerted from rock avalanches

In mountainous areas, channelized rock avalanches swarm downslope leading to large impact forces on building structures in residential areas. Arrays of rock avalanche baffles are usually installed in front of rigid barriers to attenuate the flow energy of rock avalanches. However, previous studies have not sufficiently addressed the mechanisms of interaction between the rock avalanches and baffles. In addition, empirical design approaches such as debris flow (Tang et al., Quat Int 250:63–73, 2012), rockfall (Spang and Rautenstrauch, 1237–1243, 1988), snow avalanches (Favier et al., 14:3–15, 2012), and rock avalanches (Manzella and Labiouse, Landslides 10:23–36, 2013), which are applied in natural geo-disasters mitigation cannot met construction requirements. This study presents details of numerical modeling using the discrete element method (DEM) to investigate the effect of the configuration of baffles (number and spacing of baffle columns and rows) on the impact force that rock avalanches exert on baffles. The numerical modeling is firstly conducted to provide insights into the flow interaction between rock avalanches and an array of baffles. Then, a modeling analysis is made to investigate the change pattern of the impact force with respect to baffle configurations. The results demonstrate that three crucial influencing factors (baffle row numbers, baffle column spacing, and baffle row spacing) have close relationship with energy dissipation of baffles. Interestingly, it is found that capacity of energy dissipation of baffles increases with increasing baffle row numbers and baffle row spacing, while it decreases with increasing baffle column spacing. The results obtained from this study are useful for facilitating design of baffles against rock avalanches.