全文获取类型
收费全文 | 54篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 5篇 |
大气科学 | 3篇 |
地球物理 | 10篇 |
地质学 | 30篇 |
海洋学 | 1篇 |
天文学 | 3篇 |
自然地理 | 4篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 1篇 |
2013年 | 5篇 |
2012年 | 2篇 |
2011年 | 2篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 2篇 |
2008年 | 2篇 |
2007年 | 2篇 |
2005年 | 2篇 |
2004年 | 3篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有56条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Assessing the Completeness of Bicycle Trail and Lane Features in OpenStreetMap for the United States 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
This article assesses the completeness of bicycle trail and on‐street lane features in OpenStreetMap (OSM). Comparing OSM cycling features with reference data from local planning agencies for selected US Urbanized Areas shows that OSM bicycle trails tend to be more completely mapped than bicycle lanes. Manual evaluation of mapped cycling features in OSM and Google Maps for selected test areas within the Central Business Districts of Portland (OR) and Miami (FL) through comparison with governmental datasets, satellite imagery, and Google Street View, shows that the Bicycle layer in Google Maps can help to identify some missing or erroneously mapped OSM cycling links. However, Google Maps was also found to have some gaps in its data layers, suggesting that consultation of current trail and lane data from local planning authorities, if available, should be considered as an additional data source for bicycle related planning projects. 相似文献
3.
The assessment of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data quality has become an interdisciplinary research area over the recent years. The question of whether the OSM road network should be updated through periodic data imports from public domain data, or whether the currency of OSM data should rather rely on more traditional data collection efforts by active contributors, has led to perpetual debates within the OSM community. A US Census TIGER/Line 2005 import into OSM was accomplished in early 2008, which generated a road network foundation for the active community members in the US. In this study we perform a longitudinal analysis of road data for the US by comparing the development of OSM and TIGER/Line data since the initial TIGER/Line import. The analysis is performed for the 50 US states and the District of Columbia, and 70 Urbanized Areas. In almost all tested states and Urbanized Areas, OSM misses roads for motorized traffic when compared with TIGER/Line street data, while significant contributions could be observed in pedestrian related network data in OSM compared with corresponding TIGER/Line data. We conclude that the quality of OSM road data could be improved through new OSM editor tools allowing contributors to trace current TIGER/Line data. 相似文献
4.
User Contribution Patterns and Completeness Evaluation of Mapillary,a Crowdsourced Street Level Photo Service 下载免费PDF全文
Mapillary is a Web 2.0 application which allows users to contribute crowdsourced street level photographs from all over the world. In the first part of the analysis this article reviews Mapillary data growth for continents and countries as well as the contribution behavior of individual mappers, such as the number of days of active mapping. In the second part of the analysis the study assesses Mapillary data completeness relative to a reference road network dataset at the country level. In addition, a more detailed completeness analysis is conducted for selected urban and rural areas in the US and part of northern Europe for which the completeness of Mapillary data will also be compared with that of Google Street View. Results show that Street View provides generally a better coverage on almost all road categories with some exceptions for pedestrian and cycle paths in selected cities. However, Mapillary data can be conveniently collected from any mobile device that is equipped with a photo camera. This gives Mapillary the potential to reach better coverage along off‐road segments than Google Street View. 相似文献
5.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
6.
7.
Höhn Stefan Koglin Nikola Klopf Lisa Schüssler Ulrich Tragelehn Harald Frimmel Hartwig E. Zeh Armin Brätz Helene 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,107(1):359-377
International Journal of Earth Sciences - Stratigraphically well-defined volcanic rocks in Palaeozoic volcano-sedimentary units of the Frankenwald area (Saxothuringian Zone, Variscan Orogen) were... 相似文献
8.
Combined U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope analyses of detrital zircon grains from the auriferous Eldorado Reef conglomerate, upper Central Rand Group, reveal new insights into the provenance of the sediments and thus, by implication, possibly also into that of the gold. Most of the detrital zircon grains, which are of magmatic origin, yielded Mesoarchaean ages clustering around 2.94 and 3.06 Ga. A subordinate zircon population gave ages with maxima at 3.28 and 3.44 Ga. The Mesoarchaean zircon grains mostly show super-chondritic ?Hft of up to +5.2, whereas the Palaeoarchaean zircon grains have nearly chondritic composition with ?Hft between −1.3 and +2.0. The new dataset of the Mesoarchaean zircon populations provides the first unambiguous evidence of the formation of juvenile crust not only at 3.06 but also at 2.94 Ga. As the analysed zircon grains are from the ruditic fraction, they must be derived from a comparatively proximal source in close vicinity to the Central Rand Basin. Based on currently available data, this source was most likely a magmatic arc that existed at the northern edge of the Witwatersrand Block at 3.06 Ga. An additional source might be the 2.94 Ga magmatic rocks of the Kraaipan Greenstone Belt that occurs to the west of the Witwatersrand Block. The minor fraction of Palaeoarchaean zircon grains in the Eldorado Reef perhaps stem from sources that are isotopically similar to the Barberton Greenstone Belt and the Limpopo Belt but were more proximal to the Central Rand Basin. 相似文献
9.
A metamorphic petrological study, in conjunction with recent precise geochronometric data, revealed a complex P–T–t path for high-grade gneisses in a hitherto poorly understood sector of the Mesoproterozoic Maud Belt in East Antarctica. The Maud Belt is an extensive high-grade, polydeformed, metamorphic belt, which records two significant tectono-thermal episodes, once towards the end of the Mesoproterozoic and again towards the late Neoproterozoic/Cambrian. In contrast to previous models, most of the metamorphic mineral assemblages are related to a Pan-African tectono-thermal overprint, with only very few relics of late Mesoproterozoic granulite-facies mineral assemblages (M1) left in strain-protected domains. Petrological and mineral chemical evidence indicates a clockwise P–T–t path for the Pan-African orogeny. Peak metamorphic (M2b) conditions recorded by most rocks in the area (T = 709–785 °C and P = 7.0–9.5 kbar) during the Pan-African orogeny were attained subsequent to decompression from probably eclogite-facies metamorphic conditions (M2a).The new data acquired in this study, together with recent geochronological and geochemical data, permit the development of a geodynamic model for the Maud Belt that involves volcanic arc formation during the late Mesoproterozoic followed by extension at 1100 Ma and subsequent high-grade tectono-thermal reworking once during continent–continent collision at the end of the Mesoproterozoic (M1; 1090–1030 Ma) and again during the Pan-African orogeny (M2a, M2b) between 565 and 530 Ma. Post-peak metamorphic K-metasomatism under amphibolite-facies conditions (M2c) followed and is ascribed to post-orogenic bimodal magmatism between 500 and 480 Ma. 相似文献
10.
A geological study of the hitherto poorly described Neoproterozoic Gifberg Group, with emphasis on lithogeochemistry and O, C and Sr isotopic composition of the carbonate-dominated Widouw Formation (Vredendal Outlier, westernmost South Africa) revealed that the entire group is an equivalent of the relatively well constrained Port Nolloth Group in the external, paraautochthonous part of the Pan-African Gariep Belt further north. Thus, the Vredendal Outlier can be regarded as the southern extension of the Port Nolloth Zone. Two diamictite units are recognised in the Vredendal Outlier, which can be correlated respectively with the c. 750 Ma Kaigas Formation diamictite and the 583 Ma, syn-Gaskiers Numees Formation diamictite in the Gariep Belt proper. The dominating carbonate unit in the studied area is post-glacial with respect to the older of the two diamictite units. The combined textural, structural and geochemical evidence suggests that parts of the variably dolomitised limestone succession represent former evaporite beds. Sedimentation in a restricted, very shallow and proximal basin led to a wide range in C isotope ratios (δ13CPDB from − 4.2 to + 4.8‰), very high Sr concentrations (derived from original anhydrite) and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios that are significantly higher (0.70785) than those of coeval seawater. As C and Sr isotopes are commonly used for chemostratigraphic correlation, and high Sr concentrations in Neoproterozic carbonates are often interpreted as evidence of former aragonite, the findings of this study should be used as warning against uncritical use of geochemical and isotopic parameters for describing ancient seawater composition. Thus C and Sr isotope ratios alone in Neoproterozoic carbonates may be less powerful proxies of ancient seawater composition, and high Sr contents are not necessarily indicative of an “aragonite sea”, as previously inferred. 相似文献