用Nakamura方法评估北京地区场地效应

传统的评估场地效应的经验转换函数方法需要有一个小孔径台阵,布设若干地震计,其中须有离软土台不远的基岩台,但因北京市位于很大部分无基岩出露的大面积平原地区,所以无法实现.我们用Nakamura方法对北京地区进行场地效应评估.北京市"十五"期间建立了数字地震观测台网,位于不同场地上的强震观测点清晰完整地记录了若干有感地震.本文利用近场地面自由场强震三分向地震记录,通过Nakamura方法研究了北京地区的场地效应.并与1679年三河.平谷Ms8.1地震时北京地区实际遭受的宏观地震烈度相对比,结合北京地区的地下结构进行了分析.结果表明,用Nakamura方法所获得的反映震害的指标(Nakamura谱比率)有3个高值异常区,分别在北京东北部的怀柔县(值11.1、北京昌平区西部(值1O.1和市中心区(值8.1,这与三河.平谷Ms8.1地震时实际震害和观测点的地下局部构造基本一致.说明Nakamura方法在与北京地区地质构造类似的城市(平原、第四纪沉积层覆盖)如上海、成都、天津具有推广应用价值.我国正在建设大量自由场、数字化、宽频带、大动态强震观测点,该方法对于工程安全性评价具有一定的应用前景.     

北祁连大岔-大坂一带海相火山岩化学成分图解及地质意义

北祁连地区早古生代海相火山岩十分发育。笔者对大岔-大坂一带奥陶纪海相火山岩中细碧-角斑岩化过程Na元素的来源与地质意义进行了研究。认为细碧-角斑岩比正常火山岩富Na2O,是海水参与的结果;判别角斑质岩石的原始岩浆系列及构造环境类型时不宜采用涉及Na的图解作为判别依据,应选取惰性元素作为判别依据;同时提出采用Na2O-SiO2图解展示岩石细碧角斑岩化。细碧-角斑岩类与正常海相火山岩界线为一条微上凸的曲线,该界线Na2O含量为3.5%~4%;大岔-大坂一带海相火山岩的成分点多落在该界线之上的细碧-角斑岩类分布区,可反映该区奥陶纪弧后和岛弧扩张脊火山喷发间歇期,海底热卤水对流循环活动强烈,成矿条件非常有利。     

Societal Responsibility and Development Trends of Global Soil Studies and the Provisions for China: Lessons from the Status of the 《World’s Soil Resources Report》

2015 is the International Year of Soil (IYS) adopted by the 378th Congress of the United Nations. The Status of the World’s Soil Resources was released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, which was the policy report about the status of the world soil resources for the first time. The universal values of the global community were strengthened by the challenges for the global society from the risk and safety of the change of soil quality, functions, services and soil health. One third of the world soil resources were suffering serious degradation, which could affect the food security in the future, regional development and local conflicts in the report. The major task of the global monitoring, regulation and management of the world soil resources and the social responsibility of supporting the sustainable soil management by education, research and technology development were highlighted. The social responsibility and global development trends of soil science and management strategies were discussed by the keywords, the distribution of contributing authors and the citation of the references, as well as the main contents of the report. The keywords distribution of the report showed that the focus of the soil research included the change of soil quality, processes, functions and services induced by the natural driving forces, human’s activity and soil degradation, as well as the hotspots covered soil carbon/nitrogen-water-biological pool and distribution related with the biogeochemistry, global climate change and ecosystem functions and human health. The number and structure of the cited papers showed that the integration research based on the mega-data analysis were the prominent development trend of the soil science. The geographic distribution of all the contributing authors showed that dominant discourse of the global soil science were grasped by the developed countries including Europe and the United States, China had just limited effects on the global soil science. It is urgent to promote China’s soil science research and the services for global society.     

Tracing the boundary layer sources of carbon monoxide in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone using WRF-Chem

The Asian summer monsoon(ASM) anticyclone is a dominant feature of the circulation in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere(UTLS) during boreal summer, which is found to have persistent maxima in carbon monoxide(CO). This enhancement is due to the upward transport of air with high CO from the planetary boundary layer(PBL), and confinement within the anticyclonic circulation. With rapid urbanization and industrialization, CO surface emissions are relatively high in the ASM region, especially in India and East China. To reveal the transport pathway of CO surface emissions over these two regions, and investigate the contribution of these to the CO distribution within the ASM anticyclone, a source sensitivity experiment was performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) with chemistry model(WRFChem). According to the experiment results, the CO within the ASM anticyclone mostly comes from India, while the contribution from East China is insignificant. The result is mainly caused by the different transportation mechanisms. In India,CO transportation is primarily affected by convection. The surface air with high CO over India is directly transported to the upper troposphere, and then confined within the ASM anticyclone, leading to a maximum value in the UTLS region. The CO transportation over East China is affected by deep convection and large-scale circulation, resulting mainly in transportation to Korea, Japan, and the North Pacific Ocean, with little upward transport to the anticyclone, leading to a high CO value at215 h Pa over these regions.     

基于控制区空间变异性的耕地质量监测样点布控方法

监测样点布设是实现对区域耕地质量监测的基础。为了提高耕地质量监测精度,建立了一套基于监测控制区空间变异性的耕地质量监测样点布控方法。利用Neyman法确定在给定置信度和抽样误差下的研究区最优样点总数;根据耕地质量及其影响因素划定监测控制区,为研究区进行空间分层;利用变异系数为各控制区分配监测样点;在各控制区内采用空间随机法布设监测样点。为了对比该抽样法的估算精度,又采用空间随机抽样法和基于自然质量等别、基于控制区权重的分层抽样法等进行了其余4种抽样布设方案,并计算了5种样点布设方案的Kriging估计误差,通过对比发现,在相同的取样总数下,不同的样点布设方案估算精度差别显著,基于控制区空间变异性的耕地质量监测样区分层布控方法的RMSE最小。得出科学的监测样点布设方案,可以在最小的投入下获取最大的信息量,提高耕地质量监测效率和精度。     

国家级太阳辐射测量标准及其质量控制

太阳辐射测量标准仅采取定期参加国际比对的溯源方法不能完全满足质量保证的要求。只有联合国际比对和期间核查的控制方法,才能确保测量标准的测量不确定度持续控制在误差允许范围之内。我国太阳辐射测量标准与世界辐射测量基准 (WRR) 比对结果的不确定度为0.17%,满足世界气象组织 (WMO) 要求,并达到世界先进水平。为了保证在两次国际周期比对间隔之间的准确可靠,并保证其处于良好置信度的校准状态,定期对测量标准的重复性和稳定性进行期间核查, 以图形记忆方式对太阳辐射测量标准的测量过程进行连续和长期的统计控制。通过期间核查,保证了太阳辐射测量标准的重复性不大于0.1%,年稳定性小于0.25%,未超出控制界限且分布呈随机状态,保证了测量过程处于稳定受控状态,满足建标要求。     

甘肃东南部地区成矿区带划分及找矿方向

甘肃省东南部是我国西部重要的资源富集区,区内各类矿床(点)遍布.据大地构造单元及各类矿床(点)的展布,该地区初步划分为13个IV级成矿带,该文对各成矿带进行了初步的分析及探讨,提出了本区新一轮矿产勘查的研究对策及找矿方向.     

涉县地震活动特征及其构造背景

本文采用地质地貌调查、地震活动性分析和地质测年等方法,研究了涉县地区地震和构造的活动特征,并归纳总结涉县6. 0级地震发生的构造条件,即:(1)震中位于大型地震带与地震亚带交汇区,现今地震活动性仍然较高;(2)震区附近发育1条规模较大、活动性较高的控制山盆界限断裂-涉县断裂;(3)震中位于孤立的涉县断陷盆地区边缘,山盆新构造运动差异。     

Cycled efficient V-BLAST GNSS ambiguity decorrelation and search complexity estimation

GPS Solutions - Decorrelation reduction and search techniques play important roles in solving integer ambiguities of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning. This contribution focuses...     

北冰洋浮冰区的气象要素特征

利用中国首次北极科学考察队观测的气象资料 ,初步分析研究了 1 999年 8月 1 9～ 2 4日北冰洋浮冰 ( 75°N,1 60°W)上的温、压、湿、风、云量、辐射、海表温度、冰面及冰中温度等气象要素变化特征 ,并结合 50 0 h Pa高度场分析了该期间的天气过程。结果表明 :在考察期间海面与冰面温度日变化差异明显。除晴天夜间出现逆温外 ,气温随高度增大而减小 ,冰面为热源 ,不断有向上的热量输送。海温则稳定少变。冰中热交换主要发生在冰下 0～ 40 cm深度。由于有海上湿平流等影响 ,存在“逆湿”现象。晴天反射率具有明显日变化 ,早晚大 ,中午小。海冰表面平均反射率约为 0 .76。辐射与云量特别是低云量的关系密切