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841.
LI Fadong LENG Peifang ZHANG Qiuying SONG Shuai QIAO Yunfeng GU Congke ZHANG Qian WU Liang Mulubrhan Balehegn Dagne Mojo ZHU Nong ZHAO Xin 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(3):237-249
Food security and sustainable agricultural development are the hot issues of scientific research, especially after the population affected by hunger surprisingly increased in 2016. Long-lasting and recurrent famines caused by natural disasters and wars have afflicted Ethiopia. Unlike Ethiopia, which is still struggling to achieve food self-sufficiency, China managed to quickly become food self-sufficient at a rapid speed, despite the fact that it also faced the same challenges of famine over the last century. In the backdrop of differing environmental and socio-political challenges the two countries face, comparing the similarities and differences between the two countries will yield important lessons and insights for Ethiopia to follow to achieve food self-sufficiency. Here, the progress towards food security in Ethiopia and China is presented to quantitatively compare the gap of agricultural production between both countries. We found that food production in Ethiopia is heavily constrained by drought, soil degradation, climate change, out-dated agricultural production technologies, and poverty. According to these challenges, we examined corresponding responses in China to propose solutions for achieving food self-sufficiency in Ethiopia, given the realities of its unique national situation. 相似文献
842.
ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown that the recent summer climate (precipitation in particular) over East Asia is varying significantly. Here we extend the study to April, May, and June (AMJ) or the seasonal transition period associated with the onset of the summer monsoon. It is found that the average 1000–400?hPa AMJ tropospheric temperature (TT) experienced a sudden change at the end of the twentieth century. The change has a dipolar modal structure, with one pole over countries in Central Asia (Pakistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.) and the other over the Tibetan Plateau. The difference in the TT between the centres of the two poles (?TT), which characterizes the zonal gradient of the TT over Asia, has seen a significant reduction since 1999. The causal relations of ?TT with the local circulation, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), surface shortwave flux (SSWF), precipitation, etc. have been investigated using a newly developed rigorous causality analysis, which unambiguously reveals a one-way causality from ?TT to each of OLR, SSWF, and precipitation. 相似文献
843.
By using idealized numerical simulations, the impact of tropical cyclone size on secondary eyewall formation (SEF) is examined. Both unbalanced boundary layer and balanced processes are examined to reveal the underlying mechanism. The results show that a tropical cyclone (TC) with a larger initial size favors a quicker SEF and a larger outer eyewall. For a TC with a larger initial size, it will lead to a stronger surface entropy flux, and thus more active outer convection. Meanwhile, a greater inertial stability helps the conversion from diabatic heating to kinetic energy. Furthermore, the progressively broadening of the tangential wind field will induce significant boundary layer imbalances. This unbalanced boundary layer process results in a supergradient wind zone that acts as an important mechanism for triggering and maintaining deep convection. In short, different behaviors of balanced and unbalanced processes associated with the initial wind profile lead to different development rates of the secondary eyewall. 相似文献
844.
通过构建反映城市综合实力的指标体系,运用熵值法对中原城市群30个城市2005,2010,2015年的综合实力分别进行测算与评定,运用基于扩展断裂点模型的加权Voronoi图方法对中原城市群各城市引力范围进行划分并展示了城市间引力界线的变化趋势,揭示了中原城市群30个城市3个年份的城市引力范围时空演变特征和变化规律。结果表明:3个年份,综合实力较高的地区基本分布在中原城市群中部和北部,东南部城市综合实力较弱,排名靠后,呈现出中北高、东南低两极化的发展规律;目前中原城市群城市引力范围格局中,郑州市的引力范围最大,其次是洛阳市、邯郸市,已经形成了以郑州为城市群核心的空间格局;3个年份,中原城市群的城市影响范围演变格局总体较为稳定,局部地区空间吸引范围变化较为明显,中、北部城市发展态势良好,影响范围有向北扩大的趋势;城市引力范围与其综合实力不完全呈正相关关系。 相似文献
845.
Xiaoping Liu Jialv He Jinbao Zhang Haolin Liang Huan Wang 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(8):1675-1696
Urban land use information plays an important role in urban management, government policy-making, and population activity monitoring. However, the accurate classification of urban functional zones is challenging due to the complexity of urban systems. Many studies have focused on urban land use classification by considering features that are extracted from either high spatial resolution (HSR) remote sensing images or social media data, but few studies consider both features due to the lack of available models. In our study, we propose a novel scene classification framework to identify dominant urban land use type at the level of traffic analysis zone by integrating probabilistic topic models and support vector machine. A land use word dictionary inside the framework was built by fusing natural–physical features from HSR images and socioeconomic semantic features from multisource social media data. In addition to comparing with manual interpretation data, we designed several experiments to test the land use classification accuracy of our proposed model with different combinations of previously acquired semantic features. The classification results (overall accuracy = 0.865, Kappa = 0.828) demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategy that blends features extracted from multisource geospatial data as semantic features to train the classification model. This method can be applied to help urban planners analyze fine urban structures and monitor urban land use changes, and additional data from multiple sources will be blended into this proposed framework in the future. 相似文献
846.
The lake-breeze at Taihu Lake generates a different specific heat capacity between the water body and the surrounding land. Taihu Lake has a significant impact on the atmospheric conditions and the air quality in the Yangtze River Delta. This phenomenon is referred to as the Taihu Lake effect. In this study, two simulations were conducted to determine the impact of the Taihu Lake effect in the reference experiment(R-E) and sensitivity experiments(NO TH). The control simulations demonstrated that the meteorological field and the spatial distribution of ozone(O3) concentrations over Taihu lake obviously changed once the land-use type of water body was substituted by cropland. The surface temperature of Taihu Lake was reduced under the impact of Taihu Lake, and a huge temperature difference caused a strong lake-breeze effect. The results also showed that the difference in the average concentrations of O3 between the R-E and NO TH experiments reached 12 ppbv in most areas of Taihu Lake, all day, on 20 May 2014. During daytime(0800–1600 LST, LST=UTC+8), the influence of the Taihu Lake effect on O3 in the Suzhou region was not significant. However, the influence of the Taihu Lake effect on O3 in the Suzhou region was obvious during nighttime(1800–2400 LST). The larger changes in the physical and chemical processes were horizontal and vertical advections under the influence of the Taihu Lake effect in Taihu Lake. 相似文献
847.
利用中分辨率光谱仪(MODIS)获得的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、细粒子比例(FMF)和臭氧检测仪(OMI)获得的气溶胶指数(AI)统计分析了2005—2014年我国华东地区气溶胶光学性质的时空分布特征,同时利用潜在源分析(PSCF)模型对我国华东地区AOD和AI的潜在源区进行分析。研究结果表明:华东地区的AOD、FMF和AI时空分布存在较大的差异,2005—2014年AOD和AI的平均值高值主要分布在华东地区北部,FMF的高值区则分布在华东南部地区;10 a间华东地区AOD呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,FMF波动幅度不明显,AI值有所上升;整个华东地区AOD的季节变化较为明显,春夏两季AOD明显高于秋冬两季。华东北部和中部地区夏季由于较高的相对湿度,AOD最大可达0.8以上。而在华东南部地区,夏季受到降水的影响,AOD维持在0.2~0.4之间。FMF季节变化趋势与AOD不同,夏季最大达到0.58,春季最小仅为0.26。AI平均值在冬季最大高达0.63,夏季最小,为0.27。PSCF分析显示华东地区AOD主要源区以局地排放为主,同时也存在由河南、湖北和湖南等周边省市近距离输送影响;AI以局地和北方远距离输送为主,同时也受到河南、湖北等周边省市近距离输送的影响。 相似文献
848.
西太平洋暖池对西北太平洋季风槽和台风活动影响过程及其机理的最近研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
本文回顾和综述了近年来关于西太平洋暖池对西北太平洋热带气旋和台风(TCs)活动影响过程及其机理的研究进展。文中首先简单回顾了近年来关于西太平洋暖池热状态和菲律宾周围对流活动变化特征及其对与TCs活动有关的南海夏季风爆发和西太平洋副热带高压的季节内、年际变异的影响过程和机理的研究;然后,本文系统地回顾了近年来关于西太平洋暖池热状态通过西北太平洋季风槽影响TCs活动年际和年代际变化的影响过程及其机理的研究。此外,文中还指出了关于西太平洋暖池对西北太平洋上空季风槽和TCs活动变异的热力和动力作用需进一步深入研究的科学问题。 相似文献
849.
基于环境因素约束的农户土地利用效率及影响因素分析 ——以河南省粮食生产核心区为例 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在农户土地利用引起的环境问题日益严重的背景下,如果农户土地利用效率的测度只考虑“好”产出,而忽略“非意欲”的环境产出,可能造成测度结果不准确。因此,将“非意欲”产出引入农户土地利用效率评价模型,利用河南省粮食生产核心区农户抽样调查数据测度环境因素约束下的农户土地利用效率,并探讨其效率状况及影响因素。主要的结论如下:① 调查区域环境因素约束下的农户土地利用效率平均值仅为0.612,效率值总体不高,有较大的提升空间。不同规模农户的土地利用效率差异较大,二者呈现“U型”变化趋势。② 环境因素约束下的农户土地利用效率的影响因素来自多个方面。其中,农户生计方式兼业化在一定程度上降低了环境约束下的农户土地利用效率;种植结构调整虽然能够增加农户农业收入,但不利于环境因素约束下的农户土地利用效率的提升;农地经营规模扩大对环境约束下的农户土地利用效率产生正面影响,但现实中普遍存在的小规模化经营和土地细碎化消减了正面影响。土地产权的稳定性能够提升环境约束下的农户土地利用效率,但无论是集体土地产权还是承包经营权以及农户间非正式的土地流转产权关系稳定性较差,不利于环境约束下的农户土地利用效率的提高。 相似文献
850.
国家地缘脆弱性探索——缅甸案例及对中国地缘战略启示 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
当今国际地缘政治经济格局正处于剧烈变动中,并对缅甸地缘环境的复杂性及地缘脆弱性产生深刻影响。缅甸所在的大湄公河次区域日益成为世界重要地缘政治力量博弈前沿和焦点。系统研究缅甸国家地缘脆弱性,对于中国西部大开发、“一带一路”及周边地缘环境建设具有重要战略意义。本文基于地缘政治及人地关系地域系统等学科理论,规范分析与实证分析相结合,从暴露性、敏感性和适应性等方面构建了国家地缘脆弱性研究框架,系统探索了缅甸典型的国家地缘脆弱性特征。资源环境禀赋、内部地域结构等引致的经济政治体系、社会文化传承等方面是缅甸脆弱性的本底特征,而缅甸与中国的地缘关系及决策则从根本上影响其地缘战略位态。缅甸地缘政治脆弱性及其与中国的相互依赖使之成为西方“U型封堵大陆战略”的薄弱点和今后角逐的着力点,也是中国解围破局重要的地缘战略出口。近期中国应通过“一带一路”孟中印缅经济走廊建设,大力加强中缅之间政治、经济、文化等各方面友好关系。 相似文献