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221.
Sb, As, Cu, and Zn toxicity and contamination have become a growing concern in recent years. Phytoremediation, a plant based and cost effective technology, may be an effective approach in the cleanup of water contaminated by these metals. In this study, the aquatic macrophyte Eleocharis acicularis was used in laboratory and field experiments to assess its capability to accumulate Sb, As, Cu, and Zn, and thereby investigate its potential application in phytoremediation. The results showed that E. acicularis adapted well to water contaminated by these metals. The removal rates of Sb, As, Cu, and Zn in the laboratory experiment were 3.04, 2.75, 0.417, and 1.49 μg/L/day, respectively. The highest concentrations of these metals accumulated in E. acicularis after 10 days of the laboratory experiment were 6.29, 6.44, 20.5, and 73.5 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Only 8% of As, 12% of Sb, 87% of Cu and 93% of Zn removed from the water were used by E. acicularis. The highest concentrations of Sb, As, Cu, and Zn accumulated in E. acicularis after 10 wk of the field experiment were 76.0, 22.4, 33.9, and 266 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The results indicate that E. acicularis has the ability to accumulate Sb, As, Cu, and Zn from contaminated water. 相似文献
222.
Laboratory experiments were conducted at two institutes to reveal the relationship between acoustic backscatter strength and suspended sediment concentration (SSC). In total, three acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs) with different frequencies (5, 10 and 16 MHz) were tested. Two different commercial clays and one natural sediment from Clay Bank site in the York River were checked for acoustic responses. The SSCs of selected sediments were artificially changed between a selected low and a high value in tap or de-ion water. Each ADV showed quite different backscatter responses depending on the sediment type and SSC. Not all devices had a good linear relationship between backscatter strength and SSC. Within a limited range of SSC, however, the backscatter strength can be well correlated with the SSC. Compared with optical backscattering sensor (OBS), the fluctuation of ADV backscatter signals was too noisy to be directly converted to the instantaneous changes of SSC due to high amplification ratio and small sampling volume. For the more accurate signal conversion for finding the fluctuation of SSC, the ensemble average should be applied to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. There are unexpected responses for the averaged backscatter wave strength: (1) high signals from small particles but low signals from large particles; and (2) two linear segments in calibration slope. These phenomena would be most likely caused by the different gain setting built in ADVs. The different acoustic responses to flocculation might also contribute somewhat if flocs are tightly packed. This study suggests that an ADV could be a useful instrument to estimate suspended cohesive sediment concentration and its fluctuation if the above concerns are clarified. 相似文献
223.
An efficient method for selecting and scaling ground motions matching target response spectrum mean and variance
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The purpose of this study is to propose an accurate and efficient method for selecting and scaling ground motions matching target response spectrum mean and variance, which does not require excessive computation and simulation. In the proposed method, a desired number of ground motions are sequentially scaled and selected from a ground motion library without iterations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
224.
Chulsang Yoo Jungsoo Yoon Eunho Ha 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2010,24(8):1097-1111
Areal average rainfall is important as it is used as an input for most rainfall-runoff analysis in Hydrology and Water Resources.
Different from traditional methods of using rain gauge data, the use of radar rainfall for the estimation of areal average
rainfall is very straightforward. However, in some cases with severe terrain blockages, the value of the incomplete radar
information is of serious concern. This study investigated this problem and derived an equation for estimating the error involved
in the areal average rainfall due to partial radar coverage of a basin or sub-basin. When only partial radar information is
available, the sampling error decreases with increasing radar coverage and the number of radar bin clusters. As an application
example, this study considered the Han River Basin with its rainfall observations using the Ganghwa rain radar. Among a total
of 24 mid-sized sub-basins in the Han River Basin evaluated, only five sub-basins were fully covered by the radar and three
were totally uncovered. The remaining 16 sub-basins were covered partially by radar leading to incomplete radar information.
The results show that the sampling error ranged from several % to tens % of standard deviation of the areal average rainfall
depending on the relative areal radar coverage. 相似文献
225.
WINSURF二次开发在瑞雷波频散曲线正演模拟中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
WINSURF二次开发是物化探数据处理的一种强有力工具,以其在瑞雷波频散曲线正演模拟中的应用为例,阐述了WINSURF二次开发的基本原理、方法和技巧,并给出了源代码。正演模拟试算结果表明,该程序稳定性好、通用性强,可直接作为工具来使用,从而大大缩短了程序开发周期,避免了重复缟程和资源浪费,提高了科研和工作效率。 相似文献
226.
Resume. Le pluton calco-alcalin de Za?r est composé de trois principaux faciès pétrographiques répartis en deux unités granitiques
imbriquées. Ces faciès, de différents degrés d’hybridation et de différenciation, résultent de mélanges magmatiques entre
des magmas basiques mantelliques de type ?HAB? (basalte hyperalumineux) et un magma anatectique issu de la fusion partielle
de matériaux crustaux (métapélites ou métagrauwackes).
La répartition des faciès granitiques de Za?r peut s’expliquer selon un modèle pétrogénétique de type ?MASH? (melting-assimilation-storage-homogenization)
où des magmas hybrides seraient formés suivant différentes proportions de mélanges magmatiques acide-basique. Ces magmas auraient
subides conditions d’ascension spécifiques et seraient mis en place sous forme de 3 grandes injections successives:
Manuscrit re?u le 12 décembre 2003 Révision acceptée le 9 mai 2005 相似文献
1) | Une injection précoce de magma fortement hybride donne la granodiorite-tonalite du SW, assez faiblement homogénéisée et à grands xénolites et enclaves microgrenues mafiques (EMM) dont les compositions pétrographiques, chimiques et isotopiques initiales sont bien préservées |
2) | Une injection, plus tardive et sur une longue distance, de magma relativement plus différencié, donne le monzogranite-granodiorite du NE, assez bien homogénéisé et riche en petites EMM dont les compositions ont été rééquilibrées avec celles du granite h?te |
3) | Une injection très tardive après un stockage de quelques millions d’années et un important brassage magmatique ayant permis un mélange magmatique complet (mixing) des deux composants acide et basique. Cela donne le leucogranite central, très différencié et parfaitement homogène |
227.
Byung Sik?KimEmail author Hung Soo?Kim Byung Ha?Seoh 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2004,18(6):386-400
The stochastic model has been widely used for the simulation study. However, there was a difficulty in the reproduction of the skewness of observed series and so the stochastic model for the skewness preservation was appeared. While the skewness in the residuals of the stochastic model has been considered for the skewness preservation this study uses a random resampling technique of residuals from the stochastic models for the simulation study and for the investigation of the skewness coefficient. The main advantage of this resampling scheme, called the bootstrap method is that it does not rely on the assumption of population distribution and this study uses the combined model of the stochastic and bootstrapped models. The stochastic and bootstrapped stochastic (or combined) models are used for the investigations of skewness preservation and of the reproduction of probability density function between the simulated series. The models are applied to the annual and monthly streamflows of Yongdam site in Korea and Yakima river, Washington, USA for the streamflow simulation study then the statistics and probability density functions for the observed and simulated streamflows are compared. As the results the bootstrapped stochastic model reproduces the skewness and probability density function much better than the stochastic model. This evidences suggest that the bootstrapped stochastic model might be more appropriate than the stochastic model for the preservation of skewness and for simulation purposes of the series. 相似文献
228.
229.
Hyo-Jong Song Ji-Hyun Ha In-Hyuk Kwon Junghan Kim Jihye Kwun 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2018,54(1):337-350
This study illustrates the characteristics of the data assimilation system at the Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems (KIAPS), based on the cubed-sphere grid system. The most interesting feature is the use of spherical harmonic functions defined on cubed-sphere grid points, which makes it possible to control the allowable physical wavenumber for the analysis increments. The relevant computational costs and parallel scalability are represented. The multiple-resolution approach is a distinguishable aspect of this data assimilation system. The wavenumber, up to which the analysis is conducted, increases as the outer iteration progresses. This multiresolution strategy is based on an investigation into the change of spectral components of analysis increments. The multi-resolution outer-loop provides cost-effective analysis-improvement, by explicitly controlling the analysis increments entered into the observation operator. To utilize the high-resolution deterministic forecast as a background state, it is subtracted from the forecast ensemble, to produce ensemble forecast perturbation that is hybridized with static background error covariance. Based on the cycled analysis experiments, the higher-resolution deterministic forecast is shown to preserve the high-frequency feature of the analysis increment relative to the ensemble mean forecast. 相似文献
230.
围绕黄河上游沙漠宽谷河段“多大流量能冲动多大含沙量的泥沙”、“不同流量能冲走多少泥沙”两个关键问题,对沙漠宽谷河段的水沙阈值展开深入研究。通过分析各断面历年水量、沙量变化过程,揭示了沙漠宽谷河段各区间河段的冲淤规律,得到不同区间河段、不同含沙量情况下的水沙阈值系列。基于水量平衡原理与输沙量平衡原理,分析各断面冲沙输沙流量、含沙量与输沙量之间的关系,建立场次洪水的河道输沙量计算模型,量化水量与沙量的转化效果。通过实例计算,不考虑沙漠宽谷河段水沙调控时,头道拐站的输沙量为0.124×108 t,沙漠宽谷河段的冲刷量为0.0527×108 t,考虑水沙调控时,输沙量增加近4倍。水沙调控显著改善了沙漠宽谷河道的水沙关系,冲刷了河槽,验证了水沙阈值及输沙量计算的准确性和可靠性。 相似文献