黑龙江乌拉嘎大型金矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因研究

乌拉嘎金矿床是受断裂构造和中酸性侵入体联合控制的浅成低温热液型矿床,区内黑龙江群变质岩为成矿提供物源．燕山期花岗斑岩是主要的容矿围岩．深部岩浆源为成矿提供了热动力。矿体受构造引张部位和构造交汇部位控制．在空间上侧伏斜列。矿石矿物主要有自然金、黄铁矿、白铁矿、辉锑矿、自然银等,脉石矿物有玉髓状石英、胶状蛋白石、碳酸盐、冰长石、绢云母、高岭土等;矿石结构主要为胶状结构、细粒状结构和碎裂结构,矿石构造为脉状、网脉状和角砾状构造．矿石的矿物组合和组构均显示典型的低温矿物组合和组构特点。流体包裹体研究表明,石英中主要发育气液两相及少量单液相包裹体．成矿流体属H2O—NaCl体系类型。成矿流体具有低盐度（1．22％-5．4％NaCl）、低密度（0．88--0．96g／cm^3）的特征,成矿温度为140～220℃,成矿平均压力为23．24MPa,形成深度为2．32km。通过氢、氧同位素分析认为,成矿流体δDSMOW,值为-78．25‰-132．64‰,6moHp值为-3．7‰～6．23‰,表明成矿流体主要来自大气降水。综合研究表明．乌拉嘎金矿属于由中性、近还原和低温流体形成的低硫化型浅成低温热液金矿床。     

南海西部表层沉积物碎屑矿物分布特征及其物源

南海西部海域的物源研究程度相对较低,尤其对中段的物源有较大的争议。通常认为中部没有大河注入,其物源主要来自其南北的湄公河和红河。笔者通过对该区表层沉积物的系统取样及碎屑矿物分析鉴定认为,碎屑矿物主要分布于南部陆架区和中部陆坡区域。根据因子分析,南海西部碎屑矿物可以明显分为南部、中部、北部三区。南区陆架碎屑矿物主要由重矿物金红石、锐钛矿、白钛矿、锆石、透闪石、十字石及轻矿物石英、长石等组成,原岩应以岩浆岩类为主,包括部分变质岩;中区陆坡以十字石、透闪石、电气石、褐铁矿及黑云母、白云母为主,原岩可能主要为变质岩类;北区陆坡碎屑矿物少,组合特征不明显。各区不仅组合特征明显不同,且各区分界明显,表明其物质来源明显不同,南区物源主要来自红河和加里曼丹岛;中部海域的碎屑矿物组合与中南半岛大量出露的变质岩基本吻合,表明其物源主要来自中南半岛,而不是来自其南北的湄公河和红河。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠不同区域土壤热通量变化比较

选取塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区和北缘过渡带肖塘地区2013年土壤热通量观测资料,初步比较分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠两种下垫面的土壤热通量变化特征。结果表明：(1)在日变化尺度上,两个站点都有明显的日变化特征,1月份塔中站土壤热通量日平均变化幅度小于肖塘站,日较差分别为58.9 W.m2和72.4 W.m2,4月份两站土壤热通量变化幅度较为接近,日较差分别为88.1W.m2、100.1 W.m2。7、10月份塔中站土壤热通量变化幅度明显高于肖塘站,日较差分别为99.0 W.m2、53.7W.m2,100.3 W.m2、73.3W.m2。(2)不同天气条件下两个站点土壤热通量变化都有很大差异。晴天,塔中站和肖塘站土壤热通量变化都呈现出单峰型,变化幅度较一致,日较差分别为119.7 W.m2、119.1 W.m2。沙尘天和雨天受云层或降水的影响土壤热通量变化波动较大,沙尘天塔中站变化幅度小于肖塘站,日较差分别为83.6 W.m2、133.1 W.m2;雨天塔中站和肖塘站变化幅度都很剧烈,日较差分别为70.6 W.m2、66.6 W.m2。(3)年变化尺度上,塔中站土壤热通量在7月份达到最大值(7.7 W.m2),在11月出现最小值(-5.3 W.m2),肖塘站7月份出现最大值(4.2 W.m2),11月份出现最小值(-10.2 W.m2)。塔中站和肖塘站土壤热通量年总量差异很大,塔中站为16.8 W.m2,能量由大气向土壤传递,土壤为热汇,而肖塘站则为-34.9 W.m2,能量由土壤向大气传播,土壤表现为热源。     

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of phytoplankton diversity and its relation to water environmental factors in the southern waters of Miaodao Archipelago, China

To study the water quality influenced by the anthropogenic activities and its impact on the phytoplankton diversity in the surface waters of Miaodao Archipelago, the spatiotemporal variations in phytoplankton communities and the environmental properties of the surface waters surrounding the Five Southern Islands of Miaodao Archipelago were investigated, based on seasonal field survey conducted from November 2012 to August 2013. During the survey, a total of 109 phytoplankton species from 3 groups were identified in the southern waters of Miaodao Archipelago, of which 77 were diatoms, 29 were dinoflagellates, and 3 were chrysophytes. Species number was higher in winter (73), moderate in autumn (70), but lower in summer (31) and spring (27). The species richness index in autumn (5.92) and winter (4.28) was higher than that in summer (2.83) and spring (1.41). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was high in autumn (2.82), followed by winter (1.99) and summer (1.92), and low in spring (0.07). The species evenness index in autumn (0.46) and summer (0.39) was higher than that in winter (0.32) and spring (0.02). On the basis of principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA), we found that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in spring, COD in summer, pH in autumn, and salinity and oil pollutant in winter, respectively, showed the strongest association with the distribution of phytoplankton diversity. The spatial heterogeneity of the southern waters of Miaodao Archipelago was quite obvious, and three zones, i.e., northeastern, southwestern and inter-island water area, were identified by cluster analysis (CA) based on key environmental variables.     

赤潮多发区塔玛亚历山大藻的麻痹性贝毒预警值研究

以厦门西海域养殖的翡翠贻贝为实验对象,在实验室内对塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense(Lebour)Balech)采用单种培养技术,运用“麻痹性贝毒小白鼠生物检测法”进行毒性实验,研究了塔玛亚历山大藻对翡翠贻贝的麻痹性贝毒的毒力,藻密度为1×105个/dm3时,白鼠未死亡;藻密度为1×106个/dm3时,白鼠发生死亡.厦门西海域近年来暴发的赤潮一般起始于局部海区无害硅藻类浮游植物,在生态环境恶化下,硅藻类赤潮在生存竞争中消退,最终暴发有害赤潮.以试验结果为依据,根据厦门海域实际情况,参考各国贝毒临界值行动标准,提出适合南方赤潮多发区塔玛亚历山大藻的麻痹性贝毒藻密度预警值为1×105个/dm3.     

旅游目的地区域(TDD)及其空间结构研究——以西安为例

在对国内外相关研究进行综述的基础上,以西安为例,对旅游目的地区域(TDD)进行了界定。以"一日游"旅游行为基准给出了西安旅游目的地区域范围,即以250 km为半径,相当于单程旅行2.5小时的通达范围。并发现西安TDD对周边地区旅游客源产生了明显的截流效应。分析了主要旅游景点(3A以上)的空间分布特征,认为呈现集聚分布,有利于旅游资源组团式开发。运用洛仑兹曲线,发现西安市出行的5条主要旅游路径利用强度存在严重不均衡。文章结论主要包括:TDD的核心表现为旅游区、旅游节(景)点和旅游路径三种空间要素,其中对旅游目的地区域发展影响较大的两个要素是高级别景区与旅游路径,二者决定了区域旅游产业的规模、空间分布和旅游流向。随着区域旅游一体化的推进,客观上要求以西安为中心的关中旅游热点地区要逐步打破地区壁垒,共同开拓市场,优化旅游景点组合,打造旅游精品群,以促进旅游业的持续发展。     

江苏黄桥无机油气的地球化学演化模式与富集规律

江苏黄桥CO2气田中的CO2,历来被认为是幔源CO2。但最近的研究结果表明,这种CO2并非幔源CO2。而是幔源CH4上升至地表（－3000m-0m)被氧化的结果。黄桥CO2气田犹如一床棉被覆盖在无机油气上方,形成气被,其下就是储量巨大的凝析油和CH4气田。黄桥地区无机油气藏的找矿方向在其CO2气田的下面深部,勘探重点放在地下5000－10000m之间的构造富集的有利部位,研究提出了一种在未知区既较为经济,又能较大提高钻井成功率的无机油气藏立体勘查模型。     

酸性环境下类砂岩材料物理性质的试验研究

采用酸性环境下的加速试验方法,研究了不同时段类砂岩材料-砂浆的物理性质,测试了试样的波速,监测了溶液中H+、Ca2+浓度变化,发现在不同腐蚀阶段砂浆表现出来的物理性质相差较大,其反应过程具有阶段性和Ca2+离子溶出具有滞后性的特点。同时,对不同尺寸试样受酸腐蚀的影响程度进行了对比分析,为酸雨地区岩石和混凝土性质的研究提供了可借鉴的思路。     

多路径效应影响下实时动态测量方法的精度检测与分析

为了检测多路径效应对实时动态测量方法的影响,笔者在大面积湖面、树林、高压线、观测视线与高大建筑物的不同高度角条件下进行了实时动态测量实验。使用GPS静态测量布置一些观测点,选出部分点作为已知点,并分别使用RTK和全站仪进行观测其他点。对两者测出的数据进行比较和分析后,发现这些地形、地物对RTK测量工作存在影响,并提出了相关建议。     

Multiple-Element Matching Reservoir Formation and Quantitative Prediction of Favorable Areas in Superimposed Basins

<正>Superimposed basins in West China have experienced multi-stage tectonic events and multicycle hydrocarbon reservoir formation,and complex hydrocarbon reservoirs have been discovered widely in basins of this kind.Most of the complex hydrocarbon reservoirs are characterized by relocation,scale re-construction,component variation and phase state transformation,and their distributions are very difficult to predict.Research shows that regional caprock(C),high-quality sedimentary facies(Deposits,D),paleohighs(Mountain,M) and source rock(S) are four geologic elements contributing to complex hydrocarbon reservoir formation and distribution of western superimposed basins.Longitudinal sequential combinations of the four elements control the strata of hydrocarbon reservoir formation,and planar superimpositions and combinations control the range of hydrocarbon reservoir and their simultaneous joint effects in geohistory determine the time of hydrocarbon reservoir formation.Multiple-element matching reservoir formation presents a basic mode of reservoir formation in superimposed basins,and we recommend it is expressed as T-CDMS. Based on the multiple-element matching reservoir formation mode,a comprehensive reservoir formation index(Tcdms) is developed in this paper to characterize reservoir formation conditions, and a method is presented to predict reservoir formation range and probability of occurrence in superimposed basins.Through application of new theory,methods and technology,the favorable reservoir formation range and probability of occurrence in the Ordovician target zone in Tarim Basin in four different reservoir formation periods are predicted.Results show that central Tarim,Yinmaili and Lunnan are the three most favorable regions where Ordovician oil and gas fields may have formed.The coincidence of prediction results with currently discovered hydrocarbon reservoirs reaches 97%.This reflects the effectiveness and reliability of the new theory,methods and technology.