云南西双版纳(曼桂)目击陨石的热变质和冲击变质研究

曼桂陨石是新近(2018年6月1日)陨落在云南西双版纳地区的目击球粒陨石,其中的主要矿物为橄榄石(Fa_(24.3±0.6))、斜方辉石(Fs_(20.6±0.5)Wo_(0.4±0.2))、长石(An_(11-12)Or_(2-4))、铁镍金属和陨硫铁,次要矿物为铬铁矿、白磷钙矿等.橄榄石和辉石的化学成分表明曼桂陨石属于L型普通球粒陨石.陨石中球粒很少且轮廓不清晰,基质矿物普遍经历过重结晶,重结晶矿物颗粒粒径较大,高钙辉石粒径25–30μm,长石颗粒大多超过50μm,说明该陨石属于6型岩石类型.橄榄石和辉石颗粒中发育有波状消光、嵌晶块状消光现象、平面裂隙和面状变形构造,长石熔长石化并不完全,陨石中观察到宽度不等且纵横交错的冲击熔融脉,表明曼桂普通球粒陨石受到的冲击变质作用可以达到S5级以上.通过熔融脉中的矿物组合推断出熔融脉中矿物经历的压力在15–16 GPa左右.     

DEPTH-INTEGRATED MODELING FOR AGGRADING/DEGRADING MOBILE CHANNELS I： MODEL DEVELOPMENT

1 INTRODUCTION The study of sediment transport in alluvial river is one of the most important fields in hydraulic engineering. Sediment transport has direct influence on the evolution of riverbeds, estuaries and coastlines, and, in turn, affects decision-making of flood control, operating rule of reservoir, design of hydraulic structure and many other aspects. Models with different orders of dimensions were presented in the literature, and most of them had common basis that they were formu…     

利用超导重力仪观测资料检测地球近周日共振

简要介绍了地球近周日摆动（ＮＤＦＷ）及其在周日重力潮汐中共振的理论背景,利用武汉和Ｂｒｕｓｓｅｌｓ两台站超导重力仪的潮汐观测结果,采用造积方法（Ｓｔａｃｋｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄ）检测ＮＤＦＷ,根据ＮＤＦＷ在４个周日潮波的共振,得到近周日摆动的本征频率和品质因子．考虑ＮＤＦＷ,可精化地球模型,更客观的理解和分析固体潮观测值和其它一些地球物理现象．     

基于残余星间速度法精确和快速反演下一代GRACE Follow-On地球重力场

基于新型残余星间速度法（RIRM）反演了120阶GRACE Follow-On地球重力场. 第一,由于GPS定轨精度相对较低,通过将激光干涉测距仪的高精度残余星间速度（测量精度10^-7 m·s^-1）引入残余轨道速度差分矢量的视线分量构建了新型RIRM观测方程. 第二,基于2点、4点、6点和8点RIRM公式对比论证了最优的插值点数. 如果相关系数和采样间隔一定,随着插值点数的增加,卫星观测值的信号量被有效加强,而卫星观测值的误差量也同时增加. 因此,6点RIRM公式是提高下一代地球重力场精度的较优选择. 第三,相关系数对地球重力场精度的影响在不同频段表现为不同特性. 随着相关系数的逐渐增大,地球长波重力场精度逐渐降低,而地球中长波重力场精度逐渐升高. 第四,基于6点RIRM公式,通过30天观测数据和采样间隔5 s,分别利用星间速度和残余星间速度观测值,在120阶次处反演下一代GRACE Follow-On累计大地水准面精度为1.638×10^-3 m和1.396×10^-3 m. 研究结果表明：（1）残余星间速度观测量较星间速度对地球重力场反演精度更敏感;（2）GRACE Follow-On地球重力场精度较GRACE至少高10倍.     

RANS Modeling of Solitary Wave Propagation over A Submerged Rectangular Breakwater

In this paper a series of numerical simulations are performed to investigate the vortex shedding mechanism for a solitary wave propagating over a submerged breakwater by use of Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model combined with a k-ε model. Flows of different Reynolds numbers up to Re=1.4×105 corresponding to varying incident wave heights are considered in which the characteristic fluid velocity is represented by the maximum horizontal velocity above the submerged breakwater. For the verification of...     

Impact melting of lunar meteorite Dhofar 458: Evidence from polycrystalline texture and decomposition of zircon

Abstract– Dhofar 458 is a lunar meteorite consisting mainly of olivine‐plagioclase intergrowths, pyroxene‐plagioclase intergrowths, and plagioclase fragments. Pyroxene‐plagioclase globules are also common. In this study, we report the discovery of a polycrystalline zircon in this lunar meteorite. The polycrystalline zircon contains small vesicles and rounded baddeleyite grains at its margin. The polycrystalline and porous texture of the zircon indicates high‐pressure shock‐induced melting and degassing. Baddeleyite grains are derived from decomposition of zircon under high postshock temperature. The shock features in zircon indicates that the shock pressure in Dhofar 458 was greater than approximately 60 GPa and the postshock temperature greater than approximately 1700 °C. The polycrystalline and degassing texture and decomposition zircon also strongly indicates that Dhofar 458 is a clast‐rich impact melt rock. During this shock event, most components were melted and grains of mafic minerals are interstitial to lath‐like plagioclase grains. Large fragments of olivine and chromite also formed polycrystalline texture at margins and chemically reequilibrated with surrounding melts. We suggest that pyroxene‐plagioclase globules could be remains of melted target clasts, whereas vesicles may form during shock‐induced degassing of the rock. The U‐Pb isotopic data plot on a well‐defined discordant line, yielding the age of the zircon of 3434 ± 15 Ma (2σ). This age is interpreted as the time of the impact event that melted Dhofar 458 and caused decomposition and recrystallization of this zircon in Dhofar 458, which reset this zircon’s U‐Pb age.     

Al‐Mg systematics of hibonite‐bearing Ca,Al‐rich inclusions from Ningqiang

Abstract– Hibonite‐bearing Ca,Al‐rich inclusions (CAIs) usually occur in CM and CH chondrites and possess petrographic and isotopic characteristics distinctive from other typical CAIs. Despite their highly refractory nature, most hibonite‐bearing CAIs have little or no ²⁶Mg excess (the decay product of ²⁶Al), but do show wide variations of Ca and Ti isotopic anomalies. A few spinel‐hibonite spherules preserve evidence of live ²⁶Al with an inferred ²⁶Al/²⁷Al close to the canonical value. The bimodal distribution of ²⁶Al abundances in hibonite‐bearing CAIs has inspired several interpretations regarding the origin of short‐lived nuclides and the evolution of the solar nebula. Herein we show that hibonite‐bearing CAIs from Ningqiang, an ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite, also provide evidence for a bimodal distribution of ²⁶Al. Two hibonite aggregates and two hibonite‐pyroxene spherules show no ²⁶Mg excesses, corresponding to inferred ²⁶Al/²⁷Al < 8 × 10^?6. Two hibonite‐melilite spherules are indistinguishable from each other in terms of chemistry and mineralogy but have different Mg isotopic compositions. Hibonite and melilite in one of them display positive ²⁶Mg excesses (up to 25‰) that are correlated with Al/Mg with an inferred ²⁶Al/²⁷Al of (5.5 ± 0.6) × 10^?5. The other one contains normal Mg isotopes with an inferred ²⁶Al/²⁷Al < 3.4 × 10^?6. Hibonite in a hibonite‐spinel fragment displays large ²⁶Mg excesses (up to 38‰) that correlate with Al/Mg, with an inferred ²⁶Al/²⁷Al of (4.5 ± 0.8) × 10^?5. Prolonged formation duration and thermal alteration of hibonite‐bearing CAIs seem to be inconsistent with petrological and isotopic observations of Ningqiang. Our results support the theory of formation of ²⁶Al‐free/poor hibonite‐bearing CAIs prior to the injection of ²⁶Al into the solar nebula from a nearby stellar source.     

基于下一代四星转轮式编队系统精确和快速反演FSCF地球重力场

第一,由于重力卫星编队轨道的稳定性设计是建立下一代高精度和高空间分辨率地球重力场模型的关键,因此为保证下一代四星转轮式编队系统的稳定性,轨道根数的最优设计如下:(1)轨道半长轴a、轨道偏心率e、轨道倾角i和升交点赤经Ω保持不变;(2)每对卫星的近地点幅角ω和平近点角M分别相差180°;(3)初始近地点辐角ω设置于赤道处,初始平近点角M设计于极点处;(4)卫星编队系统椭圆轨道的半长轴和半短轴之比为2:1. 第二,基于下一代四星转轮式编队系统,利用星间速度插值法,通过相关系数(激光干涉测量系统的星间速度0.85、GPS接收机的轨道位置和轨道速度0.95、星载加速度计的非保守力0.90)、观测时间30天和采样间隔10 s,反演了120阶FSCF-1/2/3/4(Four-Satellite Cartwheel Formation)地球重力场,在120阶处累计大地水准面精度为1.162×10^-4 m,较目前GRACE地球重力场精度至少提高一个数量级. 第三,下一代四星转轮式编队系统具有低轨道高度、高精度测量、全张量观测、弱混频效应和强时变信号的优点.     

Petrogenesis of lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 2977: Constraints from in situ microprobe results

Abstract– Northwest Africa (NWA) 2977 is an olivine‐gabbro lunar meteorite that has a distinctly different petrographic texture from other lunar basalts. We studied this rock with a series of in situ analytical methods. NWA 2977 consists mainly of olivine and pyroxene with minor plagioclase. It shows evidence of intense shock metamorphism, locally as high as shock‐stage S6. Olivine adjacent to a melt vein has been partially transformed into ringwoodite and Al,Ti‐rich chromite grains have partially transformed into their high‐pressure polymorph (possibly CaTi₂O₄‐structure). Olivine in NWA 2977 contains two types of lithic inclusions. One type is present as Si,Al‐rich melt inclusions that are composed of glass and, in most cases, dendritic pyroxene. The other type is mafic and composed of relatively coarse‐grained augite with accessory chromite, RE‐merrillite, and baddeleyite. Two Si,Al‐rich melt inclusions are heavy rare earth elements (REE) enriched, whereas the mafic inclusion has high REE concentrations and a KREEP‐like pattern. The mafic inclusion could be a relict fragment captured during the ascent of the parent magma of NWA 2977, whereas the Si,Al‐rich inclusions may represent the original NWA 2977 melt. The calculated whole‐rock composition has a KREEP‐like REE pattern, suggesting that NWA 2977 has an affinity to KREEP rocks. Baddeleyite has recorded a young crystallization age of 3123 ± 7 Ma (2σ), which is consistent with results from previous whole‐rock and mineral Sm‐Nd and Rb‐Sr studies. The petrography, mineralogy, trace element geochemistry, and young crystallization age of NWA 2977 support the possibility of pairing between NWA 2977 and the olivine‐gabbro portion of NWA 773.     

A cost-benefit analysis for the implementation of riparian buffer strips in the Shihmen reservoir watershed

The Shihmen reservoir is an important water source for about 3.4 million people in northern Taiwan. To protect reservoir water quality,it is necessary to conserve and manage the associated watersheds. Riparian buffer strips can trap pollutants emitted near a watershed.The location and design of a buffer strip can influence its pollutant-trapping efficiency.Any commitment of land for use as a riparian buffer strip must consider the project’s economic effectiveness.The present research is a cost-benefit analysis of various possible land developments in the Shihmen reservoir watershed.This study has applied a regression equation to evaluate pollutant-trapping efficiency levels of riparian buffer strips of various widths.Planned buffer strips have been evaluated in terms of net economic effectiveness and benefit-cost ratio.Results indicate that the optimal buffer strip width is 30 m for the Shihmen reservoir watershed.