应用土柱试验求解地下含水介质弥散系数

污染物质在地下含水介质中的运移,除受渗透系数等水文地质条件的制约外,还受到含水介质弥散系数的控制。污染物的扩散,首先是从包气带开始进行的,浑河冲洪积扇地包气带主要岩性是亚粘土及亚砂土,因此,计算出浑河冲洪积扇包气带的弥散系数,对于认识污染物的运移能力是一项必要的工作。本文利用室内动态土柱装置,模拟包气带岩性环境,以0.05 mol/L的NaCl溶液作为示踪剂,经长时间监测,运用弥散系数计算公式进行求参。计算结果是包气带以亚粘土为主要岩性的弥散系数为0.005 71 m2/d,亚砂土的弥散系数为0.012 47 m2/d。     

扫描电镜分析各类微体化石样品最佳镀膜的探讨

根据多年的工作经验和试验对比,总结出了非导电微体化石－放射虫,硅藻,竹节石,有孔虫,介形虫,轮藻,牙形石,海绵骨针等的最佳镀膜方法和最佳镀膜厚度。     

广东从化石岭碱性杂岩的岩石学特征及其地质意义

对广东从化石岭碱性杂岩体进行了１：１万地质调查和填图,并进行了详细的岩石力学研究。其结果表明：杂岩体由霞石角闪石正长岩、角闪石正长岩、墨云母正长岩等岩性组成,为Ａ－型花岗岩的分异结晶作用所形成,产于板内引张构造环境,与深大断裂有关。岩体本身已构成霞石正长岩矿床,具有较高的工业利用和经济价值。     

管桩的竖向抗压承载力机理及沉降分析

根据管桩的竖向抗压承载力特性和受力状况,通过对预应力敞口管桩与闭口管桩的荷载-沉降试验,结合国内外专家对"土塞效应"的研究,对比分析了敞口管桩与闭口管桩的Q-S曲线形态,研究了两种桩的沉降特性,得出敞口管桩与闭口管桩的不同承载机理及沉降。     

Origin of Natural Gas in Kekeya Field, Tarim Basin, China

This paper is mainly concentrated on the geochemical characteristics and origin of gas of Kekeya field in the Tarim basin, NW China. This study shows that Permian mudstone is the main source rock of oil and gas. Based on the carbon isotopes of C1--C4, the carbon isotope of gas in Kekeya field is a little heavier than that in the typical marine-derived gas. The relationship between carbon isotopes of methane and ethane is coincident with Faber equation of gas derived from organic matter Ⅰ/Ⅱ. The majority of gas maturity is estimated, based on the formula, at 1.8%-2.2% besides K2 and K18 wells. In addition, the gas derived from 0.9%-1.2% Ro source rocks may also bemixture. ^40Ar/^36Ar and ^3He/^4He ratios from the gas samples also support the mixing process. Moreover, the gas in this region is mainly generated from more mature source rocks although the low mature gas exists.     

张广才岭南段两个侏罗纪花岗岩体的地球化学特征及其地质意义

通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石化学分析,研究了张广才岭南段上营北岩体和帽儿山岩体的形成年代,地球化学特征和形成环境。上营北岩体为中粗粒钾长花岗岩,帽儿山岩体为中细粒黑云母钾长花岗岩。上营北岩体的加权平均年龄为178.9±2.7 Ma,帽儿山岩体为183.7±2.4 Ma,均为早侏罗世侵入岩。上营北岩体和帽儿山岩体主量元素都具有Si O_2和K_2O含量较高,Ti O_2、Mg O、Ca O含量较低,TFe O/Mg O值较高的特点;上营北岩体A/CNK=0.98~1.08,里特曼指数σ=1.51~2.66;帽儿山岩体含铝指数A/CNK=1.00~1.01,里特曼指数σ=2.12~2.36。上营北岩体稀土元素配分模式为海鸥型,轻重稀土分馏不明显;帽儿山岩体稀土元素配分模式为右倾型,轻稀土较重稀土富集;两个岩体均富集Rb、K,Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti、P、Ho、Er、U、Eu等元素出现不同程度的亏损。地球化学特征分析显示上营北岩体和帽儿山岩体均为A_2型花岗岩,为后造山型花岗岩,形成于兴蒙造山带后造山的伸展环境。     

西宁盆地咸水湖相沉积型富硒土壤的形成机理及意义

通过对西宁盆地土壤和岩石Se的调查分析发现,古近系西宁组和白垩系民和组岩石及发育的土壤中Se值最高,是西宁盆地土壤主要的富硒母质。进一步结合西宁盆地退缩过程中的古地理资料,西宁盆地由干旱炎热的咸水湖相到湿润冷凉的咸水—淡水湖相对应沉积了古近系西宁组和新近系贵德群,Se在咸水湖边界和干旱炎热的咸水湖相环境的共同作用下,并经地貌、水系等改造,形成了西宁盆地咸水湖相沉积型富硒土壤的现有格局。该类型富硒土壤有重金属低、Se含量适中、有效Se高等优势,具有较好的开发利用价值。     

库布苏和金山沟金矿地球化学特征对比研究

新疆东准噶尔成矿条件优越,是中国重要的金成矿带之一。本次研究选取该矿带典型成因类型的金矿床——库布苏金矿和金山沟金矿,运用岩石地球化学的方法,对比分析矿床元素的地球化学特征,以探讨其成矿地质条件、成矿构造环境、成矿流体来源等方面的联系。研究表明,库布苏金矿火山岩类型可能属于正常太平洋（钙碱性）型,而金山沟金矿可能为造山期的陆相火山岩,2个矿床的火山岩类型均为壳幔熔岩;矿脉和围岩在成矿物质来源上均具有同源或继承上的联系;库布苏金矿成矿环境与海相岩浆岩活动有关,而金山沟金矿与陆相火山喷溢喷发建造有关。     

Seasonal variation in nature and chemical compositions of spring water in Cuihua Mountain,Shaanxi Province,central China

Two springs (Cuihua Spring, Shuiqiuchi Spring) in Cuihua Mountain of the Qinling Mountains were observed and sampled monthly during 2004 and 2005 to trace their physical properties and chemical compositions with seasons. Although both pH values and cation (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺) contents of Cuihua Spring are higher than those of Shuiqiuchi Spring, seasonal variations in both springs are obvious. The pH values of both spring waters are between 5.69 and 6.98, lower than that of rainwater during summer and autumn. From January to November, the pH values of both springs similarly vary from high to low and then to high again. Variations in electric conductivities of two spring waters are contrary, although their electric conductivities are positively correlative with the cation content respectively. This can be attributed to different water sources of the two springs or different acidic rocks they passed. The contents of HCO₃ ⁻, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺ are low, indicating a low silicate weathering that the strata in this district are mainly composed of granite and schist of quartz and mica. Differing from change in spring water in karst regions of South China where abundant precipitation and dilution of rainwater cause low pH and electric conductivity in summer and autumn, the seasonal variations in the pH values and the electric conductivities of two springs in Qinling Mountains are attributed to seasonal changes in CO₂ produced by microorganisms’ activity in soil within respective year, rather than rainfall. The microorganisms’ activity in soil produces more CO₂ during summer and autumn. Therefore, the water nature of springs in silicate regions chiefly reflects the seasonal changes of CO₂ produced by the microorganisms in soil.     

The generation kinetics of natural gases in the Kela-2 gas field from the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, northwestern China

The Kela-2 gas field, found in the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin, northwestern China, is a large-sized dry gas field (C1 /C1-5 =0.992 0.999) and characterized by ultra-high pressure (pressure factor up to 2.0 2.2). The pyrolysis experiment was carried out under isothermal gold-tube closed system, with samples collected from the Jurassic coal, Jurassic mudstone and Triassic mudstone in the Kuqa Depression. The result of gas yield showed that the Middle and Lower Jurassic source rocks have higher gas generation potential than the Triassic source rocks. The kinetic modeling of gas generation and methane carbon isotope fractionation suggested that the Kela-2 gases belong to the products of high-over mature stages and were mainly derived from the Middle and Lower Jurassic coal-bearing strata. The Triassic source rocks made a minor contribution to the Kela-2 gases. The Kela-2 gases chiefly generated from coal-bearing source rocks with R o values from 1.3% to 2.5%, and thus primarily accumulated after 5 Ma.