圆筒型FPSO优化设计与水动力性能分析

针对圆筒型海上储油装置FPSO垂荡运动性能较差、无法安装干式井口的问题,设计了带延伸筒体与矩形阻尼结构的圆筒型FPSO,根据延伸筒体与矩形阻尼结构是否通海分为两种型式。建立水动力计算模型,比较分析不同延伸筒体和阻尼结构型式对FPSO水动力性能的影响。针对南海作业海域,设计了悬链式系泊系统,基于JONSWAP波浪谱对FPSO的运动进行时域预报,并对系泊系统进行校核。分析结果表明:通海型FPSO垂荡固有周期显著提升,可以错开南海百年一遇谱峰周期,通海型FPSO满足钻井、安装干式井口的运动响应要求,系泊系统系缆张力满足规范要求。     

导管架平台拆除过程稳定性及影响因素分析

现有服役海洋平台正逐步走向老龄化,海洋平台拆除成为海洋工程新的经济增长点。针对达到服役年限的导管架平台,基于数值分析方法模拟拆除过程,开展平台在不同拆除阶段和环境载荷等参数下的稳定性及影响规律研究。基于钢结构整体稳定性理论,以导管架平台拆除过程中顶点位移为参考,定义导管架平台拆除作业稳定性指标,提出拆除作业阶段划分方法,通过分析导管架平台在不同影响因素作用下拆除过程稳定性响应,给出拆除作业建议。选取我国南海某4裙12腿进行实例分析,结果表明:主桩腿对导管架平台起决定性承载作用,拆除部分主桩腿后需要引入外部支撑力,以保证拆除作业安全进行;拆除构件越多,来浪方向和环境载荷大小对平台影响越加显著。研究结果可为导管架平台拆除作业提供参考。     

莺歌海盆地莺东斜坡带隐蔽油气藏类型及成藏主控因素

莺东斜坡带具有“两脊一洼”分段式展布之特殊区域地质构造格局,且自北而南“两脊一洼”三段式分布具有明显不同的构造及断裂活动特征与油气运聚规律,故不同区域区带隐蔽油气藏类型及成藏主控因素差异明显,其中,北段(即北延伸脊)成藏主控因素主要取决于烃源及油气运聚输导系统;中段(一洼即岭头断阶区)成藏主控因素则受控于烃源与岩性圈闭的有效性;南段(南延伸脊)成藏主控因素主要取决于地层岩性复合圈闭的有效性。根据不同类型隐蔽油气藏的成藏主控因素及分布规律,即可采取不同的研究方法及勘探技术对策,以期获得油气勘探的突破。     

雅浦海沟海参(Synallactidae)肠道微生物多样性及系统进化分析

为研究超深渊海参肠道微生物多样性,了解其所在沉积环境的物质循环特征,利用MiSeq高通量测序技术,对雅浦海沟海参肠道微生物16S rDNA的V3-V4和V4-V5可变区基因序列进行了扩增,并与近岸养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠道微生物的多样性和组成进行比较。实验结果显示,与养殖刺参比雅浦海沟海参肠道细菌的多样性(辛普森指数和Chao1指数)和丰富度(ACE指数和香农指数)均较低;雅浦海沟海参肠道细菌主要包括γ-变形菌(Gammaproteobacteria,34.1%)、α-变形菌(Alphaproteobacteria,16.0%)和拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes,24.0%),古菌主要由奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota,98.8%)组成;雅浦海沟海参肠道中,化能自养的氨氧化古菌亚硝化侏儒菌属(Nitrosopumilus)相对丰度达95.6%,甲基营养的硝酸盐还原菌(Methylotenera)相对丰度为10.6%;而养殖海参肠道中硫酸盐还原菌(28.1%)和硫氧化菌硫卵形菌属(Sulfurovum,13.7%)的相对丰度较高。16S rDNA基因序列的系统进化分析结果表明,亚硝化侏儒菌与超深渊沉积环境中奇古菌门亲缘关系最近,且遵循氨氧化古菌从陆地到深海进化的理论;雅浦海沟海参和养殖海参的肠道微生物组成差异可能反映了超深渊和近海沉积环境中氮循环、硫循环特征。本研究可以为揭示超深渊物质循环和能量流动及生命演化提供参考。     

地下动态导体充电法高精度定量解释

提供了动态导体充电法的高精度定量解释的原理和具体方法。     

2-D TIDAL FLOW BY OPERATOR-SPLITTING METHOD

In this paper, the method of operator splitte is applied to simulate the tidal flow in the Hang-zhou Bay. Different schemes of splitting have been devised and compared.Results of the study indicate that good simulation can be achieved. Besides being simpler in form, this method is flexible and allows much freedom in selecting the mode of splitting and the scheme of computation.     

In-Situ Observation of Fluid Mud in the North Passage of Yangtze Estuary, China

Observations of fluid mud were made in the lower North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary in February 2000, on 10 -11 August 2000, on 30 - 31 August 2000 (after two strong typhoons), on 21 - 24 August 2000 (neap tide) and on 3 -6 September 2000 (mean tide) respectively. In situ data show that the fluid mud in this area consists of fine cohesive sediment (median size 7.23 μm). The formation and movement of fluid mud varied during the neap-spring and flood-ebb tidal cycle. Observations suggest that fluid mud phenomena in this area may be categorised in a three-fold manner as slack water, storm and saltwedge features. The thickness of the fluid mud layer of slack water during the neap tide ranged from 0.2 to 0.96 m, whereas during the mean tide, the thickness ranged from 0.17 to 0.73 m, and the thickness of the fluid mud layer was larger during slack water than at the flood peak. Shoals cover an area of 800 km^2 with a water depth smaller than 5 m. Erosion of these extensive intertidal mudflats due to storm action provides an abundant sediment source. This is particularly significant in this estuary when the tidal level is lower than 5 m. The lower North Passage is a typical zone of saltwater wedging, so the saltwedge fluid mud has the most extensive spatial range in the estuary.     

The influence of 30~60 d oscillation on the development of the South China Sea summer monsoon

Using the National Center for Enviromental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data and NOAA satellite-obser ved outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) data, the development of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon and intraseasonal (30-60 d) oscillation (ISO) have been examined. The results show that there exists obvious interannual variability of intraseasonal oscillaiton. Using the 16 a time series of filtered OLR averaged over the SCS, an index is defined to define ““onset events““ over the SCS on the ISO time scales. Of the 16 a examined here, 10 shows a strong ISO signal in the onset of monsoon convection over the SCS. In these cases, the ISO initially suppresses the seasonal development of southwesterly and cyclonic circulation over the SCS before the ISO onset. As the ISO propagates northeastward, the low frequency cyclonic circulation anomaly occurs in the SCS and the low frequency southwesterly wind and convection over here dramatically intensify. The northeast progression of the ISO anomaleis plays a role in the initial suppression and then acceleration of the seasonal cycle of the SCS summer monsoon.     

基于MapObject的规则格网DEM显示及其应用研究

主要研究了基于MapObject的规则格网DEM的显示以及其应用。提出了一种将国家标准交换格式的DEM模型数据转换为Shape格式的空间数据的方法,并且用VB．NET语言结合MapObject可视化组件实现了对佛山地形的数字地形分析。该方法不需要大型的专业地理信息软件作支持,直接从底层开发,灵活性高,成本低,比较适合面向特定用户小型地理信息系统,为地理信息系统软件开发人员提供一种新思路。     

我国近海沉积层地震速度特征

我国近海纵向上发育了新生界、中生界碎屑岩和古生界沉积地层。在分析整理收集到的地层速度资料的基础上,分析了地层速度的变化规律:沉积层地震速度随地层的埋深增加而增加,新地层速度低、老地层速度高;欠压实地层的砂岩速度与泥岩速度基本相当或低于泥岩速度,正常地层的砂岩速度大于泥岩速度;砂岩储层的速度随孔隙度的增加而降低,流体成分的变化对速度的影响不大。