The impact of cumulus parameterizations and microphysics schemes under different combinations on typhoon track prediction

This study examines the effects of cumulus parameterizations and microphysics schemes on the track forecast of typhoon Nabi using the Weather Research Forecast model. The study found that the effects of cumulus parameterizations on typhoon track forecast were comparatively strong and the typhoon track forecast of Kain-Fritsch (KF) was superior to that of Betts-Miller (BM). When KF was selected, the simulated results would be improved if microphysics schemes were selected than otherwise. The results from Ferrier, WSM6, and Lin were very close to those in the best track. KF performed well with the simulations of the western extension and eastern contraction changes of a North Pacific high as well as the distribution and strength of the typhoon wind field.     

藏南邛多江地堑的晚新生代沉积地层及对南北向裂谷形成时代的初步限定

邛多江地堑构成了藏南近南北向裂谷带最东侧的错那-沃卡裂谷中段,是由地堑西缘高角度正断层主控的半地堑式断陷盆地。详细的地质、地貌调查表明,该地堑内主要充填有晚新生代以来的多套河湖相、冰碛及冰水沉积地层。河湖相地层底部以黏土和粉砂为主,上部以砾石层为主,向上砾石砾径逐渐变大,顶部为早更新世冲积砾石层;冰碛主要发育于地堑中部山前地带,构成宽缓的冰碛台地或者终碛垄、侧碛堤。地层的测年结果表明,该区主要发育两套晚新生代河湖相地层,早期沉积时代早于5Ma,晚期为晚第四纪;而冰碛及冰水沉积的时代主要为中更新世。综合该区地质地貌、沉积和构造等分析结果表明,早期的河湖相沉积与盆地发生初始裂陷后的主边界正断层发生强烈垂直活动有关,而晚期的河湖相沉积主要形成于盆地后期萎缩过程中,成因可能与中更新世以来的冰川堰塞湖有关。由于邛多江地堑受控于西侧主边界正断层,早期沉积应晚于其初始裂陷时代。因此,进一步综合现有年龄数据资料认为,藏南近南北裂谷的初始裂陷时代应早于5~10Ma,但晚于约15Ma。     

浅谈高山地区等高线采集特点与经验

高山地区地貌具有多样性,制约着等高线成果的质量。本文介绍了高山地区的等高线采集特点,并结合工作实践,分析等高线采集的常见问题,总结了提升高山地区等高线质量的方法和经验,供读者参考。     

冰冻圈旅游经济区发展水平及影响因素分析

大香格里拉地区是我国典型的冰冻圈旅游区,冰冻圈资源丰富,且旅游开发较好。以大香格里拉地区为例,运用熵值法、综合指数评价模型与地理探测器相结合的分析方法,对2008—2017年大香格里拉旅游经济区的发展水平及主要影响因素进行了分析,并提出相应政策建议。结果表明：（1）2008—2017年发展水平明显提高,但受冰冻圈资源变化影响较大;（2）该地区以中等偏下发展水平为主,各地区发展不平衡,发展水平差异呈现先扩大后缩小的趋势;（3）冰川面积、冰川面积覆盖率、人均全社会消费品零售总额、旅行社数量和城镇化率是影响大香格里拉地区发展水平的关键因子,经济和社会发展水平的迅速提升,在一定程度上抵消了冰冻圈资源萎缩的负面影响。基于此,应严格遵循生态保护红线,从实际出发,支持各地区发挥比较优势,利用当前冰冻圈资源优势,重点培育冰雪旅游产业,以促进大香格里拉地区发展进程。     

Preface to the Special Issue: Climate Change and Variability of Tropical Cyclone Activity

Tropical cyclones(TCs) are one of the most destructive natural phenomena on Earth in terms of human-life and economic losses. It is currently a matter of prodigious public and scientific interest how TC activity has changed and will change in a warming climate. This special issue focuses on a challenging subject raised in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) report and numerous research papers.     

Two Types of Diurnal Variations in Heavy Rainfall during July over Korea※

This study examined the characteristics of the diurnal variations of heavy rainfall (≥110 mm in 12 hours) in Korea and the related atmospheric circulation for July from 1980?2020. During the analysis period, two dominant pattens of diurnal variation of the heavy rainfall emerged: all-day heavy rainfall (AD) and morning only heavy rainfall (MO) types. For the AD-type, the heavy rainfall is caused by abundant moisture content in conjunction with active convection in the morning (0000?1200, LST; LST = UTC + 9) and the afternoon hours (1200?2400 LST). These systems are related to the enhanced moisture inflow and upward motion induced by the strengthening of the western North Pacific subtropical high and upper-tropospheric jet. For the MO-type, heavy rainfall occurs mostly in the morning hours; the associated atmospheric patterns are similar to the climatology. We find that the atmospheric pattern related to severe heavy rainfalls in 2020 corresponds to a typical AD-type and resembles the 1991 heavy-rainfall system in its overall synoptic/mesoscale circulations. The present results imply that extremely heavy rainfall episodes in Korea during the 2020 summer may occur again in the future associated with the recurring atmospheric phenomenon related to the heavy rainfall.     

论农村社区在地震保安方面职能的发挥

目前,农村民居的科学抗震设防日益受到社会各界的广泛关注。农村社区作为农村社会的组成部分,其在地震保安方面职能的发挥有着不可替代的地位,充分发挥农村社区的防震减灾功能对提高农村民居的抗震设防水平,最大限度地减轻地震灾害有着深远意义。通过对农村社区特征和功能以及在地震保安方面作用发挥的阐述,针对现今存在的主要制约因素,提出政策建议,供参考。     

视觉基本矩阵与摄影测量中相对方位元素的关系推导

数字摄影测量与计算机视觉（特别是计算机立体视觉）的研究内容十分相近。基本矩阵是计算机视觉领域里的一个重要概念,其求解的稳健性和精度将直接影响到三维重构的效果和意义。从两者研究的对象出发,找出了两者之间的内在联系,也即视觉基本矩阵F与相对方位元素求解公式之间的表达关系,这将对今后数字摄影测量和计算机视觉两门学科的交叉发展有重要意义。     

滇东北峨眉山玄武岩中两阶段自然铜矿化的40Ar/39Ar与U-Th-Pb年龄证据

滇东北与峨眉山大火成岩省有关的自然铜矿化分布于鲁甸、茂林和迤车向斜的二叠纪玄武岩与上覆宣威组地层之间.与自然铜矿化有关的蚀变矿物--浊沸石 (LD- 14- 3、 YSD- 1和 YC- 1)均给出了一致的 40Ar/39Ar坪年龄和等时线年龄 (226～ 228 Ma).这类矿物不存在 Ca和 Cl的干扰,是合适的 40Ar/39Ar定年对象.但它们的 Ar封闭温度较低,在 100～ 110 ℃之间.所得年龄代表了第一次成矿作用的年龄.片沸石的 Ar封闭温度低于 70 ℃,无 Cl干扰的片沸石 LG- 2给出了 (134.0± 1.7) Ma 的 40Ar/39Ar稳定坪年龄, 并与 U- Th- Pb等时线定年结果相一致,表明该区在白垩纪早期存在第二次低温热液作用和自然铜矿化.因此无氯沸石 40Ar/39Ar定年可广泛应用于低温变质作用和冷却热历史研究. 38Ar含量高的阳起石和片沸石样品存在 Cl干扰对 40Ar/39Ar定年的影响.应用 40Ar/38Ar- 39Ar/38Ar等时线关系或 39Ar/38Ar- 36Ar/38Ar相关性进行 36Ar修正有可能获得有意义的年龄值;修正后的阳起石年龄为 235.7～ 238.6 Ma,片沸石年龄为 149.1 Ma,可与无氯沸石的年龄相比较.