短波红外光谱技术在西藏尼木地区岗讲斑岩铜-钼矿床中的应用

为进一步探明岗讲斑岩铜-钼矿床蚀变和矿化结构,有效指导下一步勘查工作,利用短波红外光谱技术对矿床内典型剖面上的4个钻孔进行了系统的测试分析.共检测到绢云母类、高岭石类、绿泥石类、硫酸盐类和碳酸盐类等蚀变矿物,其中尤以绢云母类矿物最为发育.对绢云母进行短波红外光谱测试分析显示:在靠近矿体的位置,有较大的伊利石结晶度(≥1.5)和较小的绢云母Al-OH吸收位置(≤2 205 nm);而在远离矿体的位置伊利石结晶度和绢云母Al-OH吸收位置分别为0.8~1.2和2 207~2 209 nm.同时,铁氧化物强度值与氧化矿体的出现具有同步性.表明短波红外光谱的这些特征参数有助于进一步理解岗讲斑岩铜-钼矿床蚀变和矿化结构,有效识别成矿流体性质,有潜力成为该矿区及其他类似矿区有效的找矿指标.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Skeletonema</Emphasis> cf. <Emphasis Type="Italic">costatum</Emphasis> biogenic silica production rate determinated by PDMPO method

Diatoms are the only ecological phytoplankton that require silicic acid for growth. They are also the dominant contributor of ocean’s total primary productivity. Generation and circulation with silica walls, which the siliceous organisms form, is an important component of the marine biological pump. It is crucial to the study of the operational mechanisms of biological pump with different sea areas. Moreover, it is the key link to the study of global silicon cycle. This paper introduces the basic mechanism of the formation of diatom silica walls and a new way of researching silicic acid metabolism, namely the 2-(4-pyridyl)-5-((4-(2-dimethylaminoethylaminocarbamoyl)- methoxy)phenyl)oxazole (PDMPO) dyeing method. Under a fluorescence microscope after excitation with bright green fluorescence, it can combine with silicic acid to form a complex into the Si deposition within diatom cells. The advantage of this method is that it can monitor the metabolism of silicate after adding PDMPO. For experimentation and sample collection in each of the specified time points, samples were determinated through the unutilized silicic acid, silica dissoluble intracellular and Si deposition within diatom cells, not only using hot alkaline digestions method but also PDMPO dyeing method. Results showed a good linear relationship between PDMPO fluorescent value and biogenic silica concentration. It was also indicated that PDMPO had no deleterious impact on Skeletonema cf. costatum growth for 34 h and was useful for tracking newly-deposited biogenic silica in diatoms’ frustules.     

ENSO and solar activity signals from oxygen isotopes in diatom silica during late glacial-Holocene transition in Central Andes (18°S)

The late glacial-Holocene transition from the Lago Chungará sedimentary record in northern Chilean Altiplano (18°S) is made up of laminated sediments composed of light-white and dark-green pluriannual couplets of diatomaceous ooze. Light-white sediment laminae accumulated during short-term extraordinary diatom blooms whereas dark-green sediment laminae represent the baseline limnological conditions during several years of deposition. Diatom oxygen isotope ratios (δ¹⁸O_diatom) from 40 consecutive dark-green laminae, ranging from 11,990 to 11,450 cal year BP, show that a series of decadal-to-centennial dry–wet oscillations occurred. Dry periods are marked by relatively high isotope values whereas wet episodes are indicated by lower values. This interpretation agrees with the reconstructions of terrigenous inputs and regional effective moisture availability carried out in the lake but there is a systematic temporal disagreement between them owing to the non-linear response of the lacustrine ecosystem to environmental forcings. Furthermore, the δ¹⁸O_diatom record tracks effective moisture changes at a centennial scale. Three major phases have been established (11,990–11,800, 11,800–11,550, and 11,550–11,450 cal year BP). Each phase is defined by an increasing isotope trend followed by a sudden depletion. In addition, several wet and dry events at a decadal scale are superimposed onto these major trends. Spectral analyses of the δ¹⁸O_diatom values suggest that cycles and events could have been triggered by both El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and solar activity. Significant ENSO frequencies of 7–9 years and 15–17 years, and periodicities of the solar activity cycles such as 11 years (Schwabe), 23 years (Hale) and 35 years (Brückner) have been recognised in the oxygen isotope time series. Time–frequency analysis shows that although solar and ENSO forcing were present at the onset of the Holocene, they were more intense during the late glacial period. The early Holocene might have been mainly governed by La Niña-like conditions that correspond to wet conditions over the Andean Altiplano.     

土地质量指标体系国际研究的新进展

国内外有关土地资源的综合研究自７０年代以来逐步形成了一个系统的应用基础学科——土地科学。进入９０年代,在有关全球环境变化研究的深化过程中,着眼于土地动态的土地覆被变化研究被列入核心研究领域;最近,旨在更好地掌握土地质量变化的土地质量指标体系（ＬＱＩｓ）研究又被土地科学研究领域中最为活跃的几大国际组织确定为优先研究项目。本文系统地介绍了国际上有关土地质量指标体系研究的源起、概念框架、最新进展及在研项目的情况。     

Lake evolution in a semi-arid montane environment: response to catchment change and hydroclimatic variation

Pollen, geochemical and sedimentological data from Sidi Ali, a montane Moroccan lake, provide a 7000 yr record of changes in climate, catchment vegetation and soil erosion intensity. Diatoms, non-silicious algae, macrophyte fossils and ostracods from the same core record the dynamics of the lake ecosystem. Oxygen isotope and trace-element ratios of benthic ostracods appear to be relatively insensitive to climatic variation in this open lake with low water-residence time, but diatom plankton / periphyton (P/L) ratios show lake-level variations that are probably climate controlled. At least two superimposed processes are recorded, but at different timescales: catchment vegetation and soils show long-term changes due to climate and human impact, whereas P/L ratios suggest century-scale oscillations in lake depth. The timing of changes in algal and macrophyte productivity and carbon cycling within the lake broadly corresponds to changes in terrestrial vegetation, suggesting either that lake nutrient status is linked to catchment vegetation and soils, or that both were influenced by climate. The lack of a sensitive and independent (non-biological) climate proxy makes it more difficult to assess the lake's ecological response to short-term climate variation. Overall, the lake's evolution has been influenced both by catchment-mediated nutrient flux and by changes in water balance, thus having characteristics in common with both temperate and arid zone lakes.     

Possible NPP changes and risky ecosystem region identification in China during the 21st century based on BCC-CSM2

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Based on simulations by the Beijing Climate Center climate system model version 2 (BCC-CSM2), the possible changes in net primary productivity (NPP) of the...     

Bulk organic δC and C/N as indicators for sediment sources in the Pearl River delta and estuary,southern China

Preservation of organic matter in estuarine and coastal areas is an important process in the global carbon cycle. This paper presents bulk δ¹³C and C/N of organic matter from source to sink in the Pearl River catchment, delta and estuary, and discusses the applicability of δ¹³C and C/N as indicators for sources of organic matter in deltaic and estuarine sediments. In addition to the 91 surface sediment samples, other materials collected in this study cover the main sources of organic material to estuarine sediment. These are: terrestrial organic matter (TOM), including plants and soil samples from the catchment; estuarine and marine suspended particulate organic carbon (POC) from both summer and winter. Results show that the average δ¹³C of estuarine surface sediment increases from −25.0 ± 1.3‰ in the freshwater environment to −21.0 ± 0.2‰ in the marine environment, with C/N decreasing from 15.2 ± 3.3 to 6.8 ± 0.2. In the source areas, C₃ plants have lower δ¹³C than C₄ plants (−29.0 ± 1.8‰ and −13.1 ± 0.5‰ respectively). δ¹³C increases from −28.3 ± 0.8‰ in the forest soil to around −24.1‰ in both riverbank soil and mangrove soil due to increasing proportion of C₄ grasses. The δ¹³C_POC increases from −27.6 ± 0.8‰ in the freshwater areas to −22.4 ± 0.5‰ in the marine-brackish-water areas in winter, and ranges between −24.0‰ in freshwater areas and −25.4‰ in brackish-water areas in summer. Comparison of the δ¹³C and C/N between the sources and sink indicates a weakening TOM and freshwater POC input in the surface sedimentary organic matter seawards, and a strengthening contribution from the marine organic matter. Thus we suggest that bulk organic δ¹³C and C/N analysis can be used to indicate sources of sedimentary organic matter in estuarine environments. Organic carbon in surface sediments derived from anthropogenic sources such as human waste and organic pollutants from industrial and agricultural activities accounts for less than 10% of the total organic carbon (TOC). Although results also indicate elevated δ¹³C of sedimentary organic matter due to some agricultural products such as sugarcane, C₃ plants are still the dominant vegetation type in this area, and the bulk organic δ¹³C and C/N is still an effective indicator for sources of organic matter in estuarine sediments.     

核子旋进磁力自动测量系统──对核子旋进磁力仪的改进

本文简要地介绍了核子旋进磁力自动测量系统的原理、设计及特点，该系统将原来的单次人工观测、记录地磁强度改进成自动测量记录，在计算机管理下，可以无人值守而获用地磁场强度连续变化的长期资料。     

松嫩平原湖泊的分类与分区

松嫩湖泊群的湖泊具有面积小,湖盆浅,密度大,类型多的特点。根据“成因－水量－水质”三要素的综合分类方案,运用三要素的三个主导指标和三个辅助指标,简明地将松湖泊进行了分类。根据湖泊群的区域环境及湖泊主导类型与类型结合的区域差异,将松嫩湖泊群划分为６个亚区。