单多普勒雷达二维风场反演——Extended VPP方法

文中提出的EVPP(Extended Velocity Plan Processing)方法是根据风场连续及局部分片光滑的性质,假定在一很小的分析窗内风矢量保持线性变化关系,使得在分析窗内反演得到的风场在矢径上的投影与实际观测的多普勒雷达径向速度场之间的误差达到最小,并利用零速度线这一特点对问题的求解做出约束,使得所得解尽可能达到全局最优,即(1) 利用变分的思想求出水平风速的大小及方向;(2) 利用风场局部分片光滑,对风的方向做出矫正.虽然由于风场受到线性假设这一限制,使得其使用的范围得到了局限,但是在本文中利用零速度线这一特征使得反演的结果得到了进一步的提高.文中利用模拟的理想个例和实际观测到的个例分别进行了研究分析.为了证明其理论的可行性,首先我们利用三维冰雹云模式模拟了辽宁2005年7月8日的一次冰雹云过程,考虑到个例的代表性,我们选择了辐合、辐散、旋转以及均匀风场等4种类型的流场结构进行了模拟分析,同时为了验证该种方法对于资料质量的依赖性以及噪声的敏感性,我们在理想质量中加入了随机噪声.从对模拟风场的反演,证明了该方法理论上的可行性,而且噪声对其结构的影响不大.然后针对台风、飑线、强对流等实际天气过程作了进一步分析.最后对反演结果进行了误差分析,结果表明这一方法能较好地反演出中尺度系统的水平流场结构.     

内蒙古额济纳旗涌珠泉海西期侵入岩年代学特征及构造意义

内蒙古额济纳旗涌珠泉侵入岩是月牙山构造混杂岩带以北规模较大的侵入体。在1∶5万区域地质调查的基础上,将该岩体解体为花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩,获得二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为330.7±2.9Ma,确定其形成于早石炭世,表明北山地区晚古生代岩浆活动强烈。通过分析岩体的岩石化学和地球化学特征,确定其形成于拉张构造环境,说明早石炭世北山地区已进入拉伸构造环境,这对研究北山地区晚古生代地壳演化过程有积极意义。     

临朐王庄砂金矿地质特征及其富集规律

该砂金矿位于郯庐断裂以西,北邻五井断裂,南靠沂山古隆起,为一河谷阶地型冲积砂金矿床(河二级支流王庄河水系)。砂金矿层主要赋存在全新统底部和更新统底部。矽卡岩型金银铜铁多金属矿床等是本区砂金矿的物质来源。水系主流与支流汇合处支流出口前缘(尤其是出口朝向上游的前缘)、河谷内湾部位、切割岩金矿体的支流细谷、河谷盆地的沉积中心和古河道、冲积层底部靠近基岩,尤其是凹槽部分,是砂金富集的有利地段,并呈现砂金从上源向下游逐渐贫化的规律。     

Cenozoic Exhumation History of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt Constrained by Apatite Fission‐Track Thermochronology

正Objective The East Kunlun Orogenic belt constitutes the first marked change in the topographic reliefs north of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The Cenozoic tectonic evolution of this orogenic belt is crucial for understanding the remote deformational effects of the Eurasian plate collision and the migration track at the northern margin of the plateau.However,when and how the uplift occurred remains     

基于标准化降水指数的沧州干旱时空特征

使用河北省沧州市14个气象站1966—2017年逐月降水数据,采用标准化降水指数(SPI)分析该区域干旱时空特征。结果表明:(1)沧州年际干旱频率为26.9%,全域性、区域性、局域性干旱出现几率接近,轻旱、中旱较多,干旱范围与强度呈正相关,2003年后旱情减轻。干旱频率与强度呈负相关,西部干旱频率高、强度低,中部、东部频率低、强度高。(2)季节干旱频率为69.2%,春旱、冬旱发生频率高,多为全域性,但夏旱、秋旱发生后平均干旱强度更大。1980、1990年代和21世纪初旱情较重,2007年以后旱情减轻。空间分布上,夏旱的频率、强度分布与年际分布较为相似,与春旱分布几乎相反,秋旱、冬旱分布较为平均。全市旱涝变化较为一致,中部区域最为同步。     

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????GPS??????????GPS???????????????о?????????????????GPS????????????:1)????????????GPS????????????????????ü?????????????????????????????????????????????????????2?????????????????????溯??????????????????????????4???????????????棬???ü?????????????????澫???3??????????????????????????????????????????GPS??????????????????????2 cm???????????????????????????????????2 000 m??????????????????????????GPS??????????????????????     

Multi-year Simulations and Experimental Seasonal Predictions for Rainy Seasons in China by Using a Nested Regional Climate Model （RegCM_NCC）. Part Ⅰ： Sensitivity Study

A modified version of the NCAR/RegCM2 has been developed at the National Climate Center （NCC）, China Meteorological Administration, through a series of sensitivity experiments and multi-year simulations and hindcasts, with a special emphasis on the adequate choice of physical parameterization schemes suitable for the East Asian monsoon climate. This regional climate model is nested with the NCC/IAP （Institute of Atmospheric Physics） T63 coupled GCM to make an experimental seasonal prediction for China and East Asia. The four-year （2001 to 2004） prediction results are encouraging. This paper is the first part of a two-part paper, and it mainly describes the sensitivity study of the physical process paraxneterization represented in the model. The systematic errors produced by the different physical parameterization schemes such as the land surface processes, convective precipitation, cloud-radiation transfer process, boundary layer process and large-scale terrain features have been identified based on multi-year and extreme flooding event simulations. A number of comparative experiments has shown that the mass flux scheme （MFS） and Betts-Miller scheme （BM） for convective precipitation, the LPMI （land surface process model I） and LPMII （land surface process model Ⅱ） for the land surface process, the CCM3 radiation transfer scheme for cloud-radiation transfer processes, the TKE （turbulent kinetic energy） scheme for the boundary layer processes and the topography treatment schemes for the Tibetan Plateau are suitable for simulations and prediction of the East Asia monsoon climate in rainy seasons. Based on the above sensitivity study, a modified version of the RegCM2 （RegCM_NCC） has been set up for climate simulations and seasonal predictions.     

热带气旋强度与结构研究新进展

主要回顾热带气旋(TC)强度与结构变化的研究发展近况。以往热带气旋的理论研究认为在给定的大气和海洋热状况下,存在着一个TC所能达到的最大可能强度(MPI)。但实际上,海洋生成的热带气旋达到的最大强度普遍要比由MPI理论计算得到最大强度要低。近几年的研究表明,存在着内部和外部的不利因子通过对TC结构的改变来阻碍其加强,从而限制TC的强度。以往认为在诸多因子中,垂直风切变产生的内核区非对称结构与眼墙区下方海水上涌造成的海面冷却是制约TC达到MPI的主要因子。最新的研究进一步指出,产生TC非对称性的中尺度过程对其强度与结构的变化至关重要。中尺度过程包含有对流耦合的涡旋Rossby波、内外圈螺旋雨带、嵌于TC环流内的中尺度涡旋。外部的环境气流也是通过这些眼墙的中尺度过程影响到TC的强度与结构变化。     

A brief review of ophiolites in China

Ophiolites are widely distributed in western, southwestern and northern China, where they fall into four principal age groups; Neoproterozoic, Early Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic–Cenozoic. Neoproterozoic ophiolites are known only in the North Qinling orogenic belt, in NE Jiangxi Province and in western Sichuan Province. Phanerozoic ophiolites are grouped into the Paleo-Asian, Tethyan and Circum-Pacific series. The Paleo-Asian ophiolites crop out in the western and northern parts of China between the Siberian and North China Blocks, and range in age from early to late Paleozoic. All of these ophiolites are of the Franciscan (formerly Cordilleran) type and many are superimposed on one another, suggesting repeated accretion of arc assemblages in an environment similar to the present-day western Pacific Ocean. Mediterranean-type (formerly Tethyan-type) ophiolites are confined to SW China, particularly Tibet and Yunnan Province. Paleo-Tethyan ophiolites are characterized by MORB-type lavas and are typically bounded by old continental lithosphere, suggesting that they formed in small, intercontinental ocean basins. Neo-Tethyan ophiolites contain a range of lava types including MORB, IAT and boninite, indicating formation in a variety of suprasubduction zone (SSZ) environments. Circum-Pacific ophiolites occur sporadically in Taiwan and NE China, where they form tectonic mélanges composed mainly of metaperidotite, gabbro and basalt.     

青藏高原东缘盐源盆地古近纪风成沙丘及其古地理意义*

盐源盆地始新世丽江组沉积时期发育了一套具大型高角度交错层理的红色砂岩,其确切成因对于厘定青藏高原东缘古近纪古地理格局、恢复东亚新生代干旱带与古气候演化过程具有重要意义。文中通过对盐源盆地始新统丽江组红色砂岩的沉积特征进行系统分析,证明该套砂岩的岩性、粒度分布、石英颗粒表面特征与沉积构造等明显不同于水成沉积,而与典型风成沙丘相应特征完全一致,表明其为风成沙丘沉积。结合古近纪研究区的古气候条件、大气环流样式与大地构造背景,笔者进一步推断盐源盆地始新世风成沙丘可能沉积于中国古近纪干旱带内的沙漠环境。根据目前相关研究资料,确认青藏高原东缘存在一个厚度稳定的古近纪风成沙丘富集带。