区域地理信息系统在农业中的应用——以福建省浦城县为例

本文应用系统分析的理论和方法，建立了浦城县地理信息系统，分析了信息系统的结构、功能及信息管理过程，并在系统的支持下对浦城县农业发展战略进行决策研究，提出了一系列分析意见，开辟了地理信息系统应用的新领域。     

用钢粒取心钻进钻穿孤石的方法

本文通过在厦门地区大直径桩孔钻遇“孤石”的施工实践，总结了一套利用钢粒取心钻进“孤石”的技术方法，有效地解决了钻进“孤石”效率低，易偏斜，事故多的技术难题。     

A Test on Two Codes for Extrapolating Solar Linear Force-free Magnetic Fields

We evaluate the performances of two newly-implemented codes for extrapolating the solar linear force-free magnetic fields, by measuring their quantified responses to the lower boundary vector field data on a finite region using analytical models. The codes are based on two boundary integral formulas with different mechanisms in utilizing the transverse boundary field: the first one only utilizes the transverse boundary field to derive the value of the force-free parameter, while the other one explicitly utilizes the whole transverse boundary field, in addition to the vertical field component. Studies on the test cases show that both of the codes could reproduce the analytical model fields with reasonable accuracy within the valid domain, provided a sufficient amount of data is available at the lower boundary. The code utilizing explicitly all three components of the boundary field shows generally better performances and requires a smaller boundary-data area in order to achieve the same degree of accuracy in the metric quantities such as the normalized vector error, vector correlation, vector angular difference, and magnetic energy; however, the accuracy in the divergence-free metric and especially the force-free metric are less ideal.     

几种土石方量测量计算方法的对比研究

对工程土石方量计算中的等高线法、断面法、方格网法以及基于数字高程模型（DEM）法的基本原理、方法和优缺点进行比较分析,从理论上讨论它们的实用范围、测量条件并进行精度分析,进而找出存在问题并给出结论.     

基于改进FCLS算法的南极海冰密集度估算及算法比较

海冰具有良好的热力隔绝效应,它通过影响海洋和大气的热交换进而影响全球的气候变化。海冰密集度是极区海冰研究的重要指标之一。为实现高空间分辨率多类型海冰密集度的估算,本文将亮温极化梯度率和光谱梯度率引入基于全约束最小二乘法(fully constrained least squares,FCLS)的海冰密集度估算方法,并利用南极海冰过程与气候计划(Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate,ASPe Ct)对改进方法的精度进行验证,然后与NASA Team2(NT2)算法和ARTIST Sea Ice(ASI)算法获得的海冰密集度结果进行了对比分析。结果显示,3种算法中本研究的方法精度最高,全年均方差13.8%,偏差为-0.7%;改进的方法对多年冰的估算精度优于一年冰。     

近海浮游植物水华动力学和生物气候学研究综述

浮游植物水华作为近海重要的生物过程,其动态变化对生态系统内的能童传递、生产力水平和各生源要素的循环等均有重要影响.随着气候变化对生态系统影响研究的深入,浮游植物水华生物气候学研究已成为当前生物海洋学研究的热点.综述了浮游植物水华的研究历史、研究方法及其发生发展的动力学机制,重点评述了气候变化对浮游植物水华动态的影响及国...     

CH4 inclusions in orogenic harzburgite: Evidence for reduced slab fluids and implication for redox melting in mantle wedge

Fluids released from the subducting oceanic lithosphere are generally accepted to cause mantle wedge peridotite melting that produces arc magmas. These fluids have long been considered to be dominated by highly oxidized H₂O and CO₂ as inferred from erupted arc lavas. This inference is also consistent with the geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths in some arc basalts. However, the exact nature of these fluids in the mantle wedge melting region is unknown. Here, we report observations of abundant CH₄ + C + H₂ fluid inclusions in olivine of a fresh orogenic harzburgite in the Early Paleozoic Qilian suture zone in Northwest China. The petrotectonic association suggests that this harzburgite body represents a remnant of a Paleozoic mantle wedge exhumed subsequently in response to the tectonic collision. The mineralogy, mineral compositions and bulk-rock trace element systematics of the harzburgite corroborate further that the harzburgite represents a high-degree melting residue in a mantle wedge environment. Furthermore, existing and new C, He, Ne and Ar isotopes of these fluid inclusions are consistent with their being of shallow (i.e., crustal vs. deep mantle) origin, likely released from serpentinized peridotites and sediments of the subducting oceanic lithosphere. These observations, if common to subduction systems, provide additional perspectives on mantle wedge melting and subduction-zone magmatism. That is, mantle wedge melting may in some cases be triggered by redox reactions; the highly reduced (∼ΔFMQ-5, i.e., 5 log units below the fayalite-magnetite-quartz oxygen fugacity buffer) CH₄-rich fluids released from the subducting slab interact with the relatively oxidized (∼ΔFMQ-1) mantle wedge peridotite, producing H₂O and CO₂ that then lowers the solidus and incites partial melting for arc magmatism. The significance of slab-component contribution to the geochemistry of arc magmatism would depend on elemental selection and solubility in highly reduced fluids, for which experimental data are needed. We do not advocate the above to be the primary mechanism of arc magmatism, but we do suggest that the observed highly reduced fluids are present in mantle wedge peridotites and their potential roles in arc magmatism need attention.     

基于耳石微化学的东海大黄鱼洄游路线推测

近年来,东海频现对大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）大网捕获（吨级规模以上）,引起了对衰退中的野生大黄鱼资源保护的担忧。为查明东海野生大黄鱼洄游规律,本文根据2020−2022年在浙江近海产卵场和外海越冬场采集的不同批次野生大黄鱼样本,利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法（LA-ICP-MS）测定耳石微化学元素,结合聚类分析和主成分分析（PCA）,对不同大黄鱼群体进行了划分,结合耳石的年轮特征,研究大黄鱼群体的栖息生境,推测大黄鱼洄游路线。结果表明,Ba/Ca $\leqslant$0.004 2时可以判定为海洋栖息生境,Ba/Ca $\geqslant$ 0 .008 1时可以判定为河口栖息生境,0.004 2 < Ba/Ca< 0.008 1时可以判定为混合栖息生境。根据该阈值范围,判定本次采样的大黄鱼的5种生境类型：（1）近海产卵,近海混合水域短暂栖息类型（占22.2%）;（2）近海产卵,阶段性往复混合生境栖息类型（占15.6%）;（3）近海产卵,河口水域育幼索饵,外海越冬栖息类型（31.1%）;（4）河口产卵、混合水域育幼,外海越冬栖息类型（6.7%）;（5）近海混合水域短暂产卵,绝大部分时间海洋生境栖息类型（24.4%）。对所有样本的Ba/Ca核心、峰值和边缘值进行PCA,5种栖息类型的样本均匀分布在第一轴的两侧,大部分时间都在海洋生境中的G1、G2和G5,以及受陆源影响较大的G3和G4。同时,PCA结果同时也显示,5种类型样本均会近同步地在近海岛礁处出现,这表明外海、近海和河口的群体由于洄游等因素的影响会出现混合,说明了舟山岛礁水域对大黄鱼产卵育幼的重要性。本研究为东海大黄鱼近海产卵场、索饵场和外海越冬场之间洄游履历,以及大黄鱼洄游路线推测提供一定依据。     

深部煤层气储层地质研究进展

深部煤层气资源潜力巨大,将是非常规天然气勘探开发的一个新领域。美国和加拿大部分地区已经成功实现了深部煤层气开发的商业化水平,而中国由于受当前开发技术和经济条件的限制,至今尚未形成规模性的开采。基于对近年来有代表性的学术论著的研究分析,从煤岩孔裂隙结构、吸附解吸性质、气体在煤层中的扩散渗流过程、煤储层的可改造特征等4个方面总结了深部煤层气储层物性的理论研究进展。研究指出深部煤储层处在高温、高压和高地应力的复杂地质环境中,煤储层储渗演化、煤层气吸附解吸扩散渗流平衡关系、煤岩应力应变行为等趋于复杂,开展特殊地质条件下的深部煤储层物性演化机理的研究,对我国深部煤层气资源的勘探开发具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

Cenozoic uplift of West Qinling, northeast margin of Tibetan plateau-a detrital apatite fission track record from the Tianshui basin

The Cenozoic sedimentation in the Tianshui basin, which is located at the junction of the liupanshan and West Qinling, northeast margin of the Tibetan plateau, provides a record for the regional tectonism and exhumation history of the surrounding mountains. Thermochronologic study on the detrital apatite grains from sandstones at Yaodian, near Tianshui, has revealed two rapid tectonic uplift-exhumation events of the source area, which happened at 23.7 and 14.1 Ma, respectively. The fast exhumation (0.34 mm/a) at 23.7 Ma, which recorded the tectonic uplift of West Qinling, led to the formation of the Neogene Tianshui basin and initiated the reception of alluvial deposits. This event is most likely in response to the synchronous tectonism of the Tibetan plateau. The source region experienced another rapid exhumation (1.05 mm/a) at 14.1 Ma, when the Tianshui basin began to depress broadly and fluvial-lacustrine sediments dominated the Late Miocene. Translated from Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2006, 24(6): 783–789 [译自: 沉积学报]