自动化地理信息综合的发展现状和趋势

本文在强调地理信息综合对于开发和应用地理信息系统的必要性的同时，阐述了区分模型综合和图像综合在新环境下的实用意义，并总结了欧洲和北美地区在自动化综合研究方面所作的主要努力。通过分析现阶段综合方法和编程语言的特点，指出了现有计算机综合系统由于缺乏专家知识而存在的缺陷和局限性，并相应地介绍和讨论了知识获取和表达的几种实用方法。最后，列举了开发未来高智能自动化综合系统应当注意的问题和必须具备的条件。     

我国主要人类工程活动引起的滑坡、崩塌和泥石流灾害

本文概述了我国主要人类工程活动引起的滑坡、崩塌和泥石流灾害的发育分布规律。     

GIS环境下污水管网设计流量的快速计算

针对ＧＩＳ环境下污水管网设计问题，提出了一种快速计算管段设计流量的方法——递归方法。分析了递归的原理、链式表的建立以及递归算法的具体实现等，并以实例阐述了递归计算的各个步骤     

直角与直线元素数字化的数据处理

结合地图数字化为ＧＩＳ采集空间数据的工作实际，对直角、直线数字化的数据处理的平差模型以及相应的精度评定方法进行了研究。作者认为，通过平差和评定精度，可以提高数字化的精度，并有助于实现对ＧＩＳ数据采集的质量控制     

A field study of diffusion around a model cube in a suburban area

To investigate diffusion around a building in a suburban area, a field observation was conducted on a model cube with a centrally located rooftop level source in September 1992 in Sapporo, Japan. The results show that high concentrations were observed both upwind and downwind of the source on the roof, although the mean velocity U was positive. The values of normalized concentration at locations upwind and downwind of the source were lower than those obtained from wind tunnel data conducted at moderated turbulence levels. At ground level, the mean concentrations along the model centre line show the highest value near the cube and decay rapidly in the downstream direction. The relationship between the instantaneous concentrations and instantaneous velocity was investigated using two fast-response concentration detectors and an ultrasonic anemometer. It was found that when reverse flow occurred on the roof, the tracer gas was detected upwind of the source.     

氡,汞测量用于断裂活动性和分段的研究

作者首先给出海原活动断裂带从边沟至硝口的３条较长次级剪切断层，干盐池拉分盆地和边沟推挤构造区内的断层，以及尾端挤压构造区内的六盘山东麓逆断层的气氡，气汞浓度测量结果，然后分析了断层气浓度与断层活动性之间的关系，研究结果表明，测试条件大体一致的基础上，气氡，气汞浓度与断层活动性之间有着明显的对应关系，从而证明了断层气测量方法对于活断层分段和活动性研究是一种有效的手段。     

Factors governing the growth rate of roachRutilus rutilus (L.) in pre-alpine Lake Sarnen

Most of the mesotrophic to eutrophic lakes in central Europe have been showing signs of oligotrophication during recent years. The question as to how the fish populations would react to this new situation was investigated looking at the growth rate of roachRutilus rutilus (L.) of Lake Sarnen, central Switzerland. The water temperature sum as day-degrees over 12 to 13°C for the months of June to October was found to be the predominant factor governing the marked year-to-year fluctuations of the growth rate. Contrary to expectation, the decreasing trophic state of the lake has not yet manifested itself noticeably in the growth rate.     

植被覆盖区地质构造信息的数字图象处理

植被覆盖在我国南方具有普遍性。为了充分提取地质构造信息,有必要进行数字图象组合处理。事实证明,同态滤波处理是揭示植被覆盖区地质构造信息的有效手段,而主成分分析和斜变换处理在增强形态特征信息方面也有重要作用,上述处理手段在识别岩石类型及地貌单元方面也有很好的效果。     

A preliminary study on the distribution and genesis of underground brine in the littoral plain of Laizhou Bay in the Bohai Sea

Quaternary underground brine in the littoral plain region of the Bohai coast is new type littoral facies evaporation ore deposit in liquid state . This model of " littorally- forming brine " is based on study of the distribution, depositional environment, forming / storing process, and genesis of underground brine in the coast of Laizhou Bay . Essential conditions for genesis of brine are arid and semiarid climate , abundant sources of ancient seawater, and geological and geomorphological environment of wide tidal beach along a coast. The process of underground brine genesis may be : seawater/tidal beach-evaporation and concentration-seeping and accumulation- brine/tidal beach - burial (evolution of the sea- land )- underground brine .Underground brine is characterized by high content of chemical elements, shallow burial depth and easy exploitation . The process of extracting salt from underground brine present in the tidal flat is incomparably superior to that of producing salt from seawater, and has b     

Historical changes in heavy metals in the Yangtze Estuary, China

A 6-m-long core was used to examine historical changes in heavy metals on tidal flats in the Yangtze Estuary, China. Over the last 100 years, human impact was minimal. However, over the last few decades, vertical metal concentrations have been affected by human activities such as local industrialization, urbanization and construction of major sewage outlets. Copper, lead and arsenic were identified as contaminants in the Yangtze Estuary on the basis of national pollution standards and a comparison of metals in the upper core with those in the lower core.