对吕宋海峡深水瀑布的重新认识

On the basis of the latest version of a U.S. Navy generalized digital environment model(GDEM-V3.0) and World Ocean Atlas(WOA13), the hydraulic theory is revisited and applied to the Luzon Strait, providing a fresh look at the deepwater overflow there. The result reveals that:(1) the persistent density difference between two sides of the Luzon Strait sustains an all year round deepwater overflow from the western Pacific to the South China Sea(SCS);(2) the seasonal variability of the deepwater overflow is influenced not only by changes in the density difference between two sides of the Luzon Strait, but also by changes in its upstream layer thickness;(3) the deepwater overflow in the Luzon Strait shows a weak semiannual variability;(4) the seasonal mean circulation pattern in the SCS deep basin does not synchronously respond to the seasonality of the deepwater overflow in the Luzon Strait.Moreover, the deepwater overflow reaches its seasonal maximum in December(based on GDEM-V3.0) or in fall(October–December, based on the WOA13), accompanied by the lowest temperature of the year on the Pacific side of the Luzon Strait. The seasonal variability of the deepwater overflow is consistent with the existing longest(3.5 a) continuous observation along the major deepwater passage of the Luzon Strait.     

北部湾台风风海流三维数值后报

本文采用Liu and Leendertse (1978) 的三维有限差分格式,对在1949-1987年期间对北部湾海区有较大影响的41场热带气旋作了风海流数值后报,后报的风暴潮与实测符合良好。为满足海洋工程的需要,本文还对涠洲岛西南海域某站的后报海流结果进行了分析,将该站各次台风的最大流速与极值分布拟合,给出各重现期海流值,同时对8303号台风的流场分布也作了分析。 要获得由台风引起的风海流及对应各重现期的极值作出推断,目前只能采取对台风风海流的数值后报方法,本模式计算范围西面以越南东岸为界,东面到雷州半岛、海南岛的西岸及109°30′E子午线,南至17°N(图1)。网格点的水平距离为13.8375km,垂直方向从海平面起算分为3层(0-10m,10-30m,30m-海底)。本文重点研究的站位位于涠洲岛西南(图1中A点所示),其水深为42m、所给出的风海流可代表5m、20m、36m处的数值。     

计算水位分布的标准差－偏度－峰度方法(BPF法)

海面水位各种高度的出现频率在海洋工程和航运中具有重要意义。为了得出其分布，最直接和可靠的方法当然是利用长期实测资料进行统计。但是在需要获得水位分布的地点往往没有足够长期的资料，这时就必须采用其他的方法来推算。 我国近海引起水位升降的主要因素是天文潮，故利用潮汐调和常数推算天文潮并考虑到到非天文因素的水位变化是一个比较可靠的办法。这个方法比较准确，但需要进行潮汐预报，计算量比较大。本文提出的方法所涉及的计算量很小，但仍能获得较好的效果。这个方法的基本出发点是：由于不同地点海面水位分布有一定的共性，水位分布和它的数字特征之间有密切的关系，而数字特征又决定于潮汐调和常数及非天文水位标准差，因而可利用潮汐调和常数及非天文水位标准差求得数字特征，然后进一步得出水位分布。这个方法所用到的数字特征为标准差、偏度和峰度，它们汉语拼音的第一个字母分别为B,P和F，故这个方法被称为BPF 法。 1977年我们提出 BPF 法时，主要应用于海图深度基准面，应用中的有关问题将另文讨论。     

海洋生态系统动力学模型的稳定性和Hopf分岔研究

海洋生态系统动力学模型的可预测性是模型应用的重要限制因子之一,而模型稳定性则是模型可预测性的前提。本文提出了一个基于降维理论的方法,用于研究质量守恒的营养盐-浮游植物-浮游动物-碎屑(NPZD)这类海洋生态系统动力学模型的稳定性和Hopf分岔。研究结果显示,NPZD模型的非奇异平衡点是稳定的,而当模型参数在临界值附近变动时可能会发生Hopf分岔。同时,本文采用数值模拟的方法对该理论分析结果进行了实例验证。本文提出的基于降维理论的方法能够从理论上有效分析质量守恒系统的稳定性问题和Hopf分岔。     

Winter counter-wind currents off the southeastern China coast: A review

This review covers the discovery and studies of the year-round northeastward currents off the southeastern China coast, paying special attention to its upwind characteristic in winter, mainly focusing on work by Chinese oceanographers. This current system is a prominent and unique phenomenon in the shelf circulation of the world ocean. The general features of the current system are summarized. The evidence for the existence and the variation of the three parts of the currents—the South China Sea Warm Current, the Taiwan Strait Warm Current and the Taiwan Warm Current—are separately elucidated. The formation mechanisms of the current as a whole are explained using dynamic analysis and numerical simulation results. Some suggestions for further studies are also made.     

元谋干热河谷冲沟区植被对微地形的响应

微地形是影响植被分布格局及多样性的重要因素。在元谋干热河谷冲沟区采集了1 236组"土壤-坡度-坡向-植被盖度-物种多样性"数据,运用统计学方法研究了坡度和坡向这两个地形因子对干热河谷植被盖度及其多样性的影响。结果表明:在元谋干热河谷冲沟区,植被盖度呈现出随坡度增大而减小的趋势,变性土区域活跃性冲沟坡面上有无植被生长的临界坡度是50°,而燥红土区域稳定性冲沟的临界坡度为65°;受人类活动影响强烈的沟坡区植被生长的临界坡度是45°,影响较轻微的近自然状态沟坡区的临界坡度是65°;植被盖度分布和植被种类的优势方向同为东北向,平均盖度为40%,西北向为28%,西南为20%,东南为21%;植被种类东北向平均为1.8,西北向为1.4.西南向为1.0,东南向为0.5。研究元谋干热河谷典型立地条件下植被对冲沟微地形条件的响应,可以为本区生态恢复提供科学指导。     

澳大利亚奥特韦盆地油气地质特征与资源潜力

从区域构造背景和地层沉积特征描述了澳大利亚奥特韦盆地的基础地质特征;从烃源岩、储集层和圈闭三个方面论述了盆地的油气成藏条件;从平面和层系上总结了盆地的油气分布特征。截止到2008年底,该盆地累计生产天然气124.5×10^8m^3,经济和次经济意义的证实储量为石油2×10^6t,天然气350×10^8m^3。对盆地的资源潜力进行评价,并对有利的远景区进行预测。     

An alternating direction implicit (ADI) numerical model for two-dimensional hydrodynamic equations

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超痕量铀光度分析的若干进展

本文综述了近十多年来超痕量铀光度分析方法的一些进展,包括激光液体/固体荧光法和分光光度法。由于激光技术、光纤技术、时间分辨技术以及多元离子缔合物分光光度体系的应用,大大提高了铀分析的灵敏度,应用这些方法已能满意地测定低至10~(-12)—10~(-9)g/g的铀。     

Using finite element and Okada models to invert coseismic slip of the 2008 Mw 7.2 Yutian earthquake, China, from InSAR data

We invert InSAR from ascending and descending passes of ENVISAT/ASAR data to estimate the distribution of coseismic slip for the 2008 Mw 7.2 Yutian earthquake by separately using uniform finite element models (FEMs), non-uniform FEMs, and analytical elastic half-space (Okada) models. We use the Steepest Descent method and Laplacian smoothing to regularize and estimate the slip distribution for each of these different models. Fault surface ruptures interpolated from Quickbird optical images constrain the strike of the fault. The uniform FEM and Okada models assume a fault embedded in a homogeneous and elastic finite domain or half-space, respectively, while the non-uniform FEM describes a domain with spatially variable elastic properties according to the geological structure of Tibet plateau and Tarim. We find that the estimated slip distribution of the non-uniform FEM is similar to that of the uniform FEM but has a slightly larger moment (~2 %). However, more noticeable discrepancies occur between the slip distributions of the uniform FEM and Okada model, where the slip pattern estimated with the FEM looks more scattered and locates at a lower depth. We conclude that, for the case of the Yutian earthquake, the improvement brought by simulating the distribution of geologic material properties is insignificant. This suggests that the uniform geologic structure of Okada models may be sufficient for simulating large intra-continental earthquakes.