钻孔应变资料的可靠性分析

在钻孔应变观测中,仅用实际观测资料与理论固体潮进行对比还不能完全反映观测数据的一致性和可靠性,也无法准确确定其趋势性变化是否是应变变化,而地震前兆研究需要明确这种趋势性变化的性质。从弹性力学理论中导出并通过实测资料验证:同一钻孔中相差45°分布的四分量应变1号与3号测值之和理论上应等于2号与4号测值之和,同时还应等于1.3倍体应变测值;用四分量应变观测资料计算出η值,其绝对值越接近零资料的可靠性越好,这种方法有可能为钻孔应变观测资料的质量评价提供一种新的参考依据;有两种以上钻孔应变手段的台站可开展对比观测,只有四分量钻孔应变一种观测手段的台站要开展1号+3号与2号+4号资料的自检分析,以获取更加可靠的观测资料。     

基于BCC_CSM模式的山西省盛夏降水降尺度预测

降尺度方法是目前弥补气候系统模式预测结果不足的重要手段,为获得具有较高预测技巧的山西盛夏降水客观化预测产品,本文选取1990—2017年6月起报的BCC_CSM气候系统模式输出盛夏结果和同期NCEP/NCAR再分析资料同时与山西盛夏降水异常典型模态具有统计显著的因子,利用逐步回归方法建立了山西盛夏降水降尺度模型。进一步研究发现,降尺度模型的预测能力与BCC_CSM对影响山西盛夏降水关键区海温的预测技巧密切相关。检验回报与观测的时间和空间距平相关系数(TCC和ACC)、回报与观测的距平符号一致率(PC)以及趋势异常综合评分(PS),表明降尺度模型对山西盛夏降水的预测技巧较BCC_CSM输出有明显改进,BCC_CSM模拟降水TCC在山西全区没有通过95%信度检验,降尺度模型回报TCC在山西大部分地区通过95%信度检验,中南部通过99%信度检验;相应的ACC由-0.02提高到0.35,PC由53.3%提高到66.8%,PS由65.6%提高到78.9%。2018年盛夏业务试运行,ACC为0.42,PS为70.8%。     

白云鄂博矿的晶体结构

在矿物学研究的基础上,对白云鄂博矿进行了X射线晶体结构测定。经四圆衍射仪精测了该矿物的晶胞参数,收集和处理其衍射强度数据。用帕特逊函数法给出Ba、Ce原子的粗略位置,在对其精修后,用差值电子密度函数法求得Na、F及CO_3的坐标,最终R=0.049。本文对其晶体结构特征作了详细研究,依此满意地解释了该矿物的主要物性、光性和红外光谱特征。     

A statistical dynamics model of the marine ecosystem and its application in Jiaozhou Bay

Models of marine ecosystem dynamics play an important role in revealing the evolution mechanisms of marine ecosystems and in forecasting their future changes. Most traditional ecological dynamics models are established based on basic physical and biological laws, and have obvious dynamic characteristics and ecological significance. However, they are not flexible enough for the variability of environment conditions and ecological processes found in offshore marine areas, where it is often difficult to obtain parameters for the model, and the precision of the model is often low. In this paper, a new modeling method is introduced, which aims to establish an evolution model of marine ecosystems by coupling statistics with differential dynamics. Firstly, we outline the basic concept and method of inverse modeling of marine ecosystems. Then we set up a statistical dynamics model of marine ecosystems evolution according to annual ecological observation data from Jiaozhou Bay. This was done under the forcing conditions of sea surface temperature and surface irradiance and considering the state variables of phytoplankton, zooplankton and nutrients. This model is dynamic, makes the best of field observation data, and the average predicted precision can reach 90% or higher. A simpler model can be easily obtained through eliminating the terms with smaller contributions according to the weight coefficients of model differential items. The method proposed in this paper avoids the difficulties of obtaining and optimizing parameters, which exist in traditional research, and it provides a new path for research of marine ecological dynamics.     

Seasonal-to-interannual variability of chlorophyll in central western South China Sea extracted from SeaWiFS

Using 10-year (January 1998–October 2007) dataset of Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), we extracted the dominant spatial patterns and temporal variations of the chlorophyll distribution in the central western South China Sea (SCS) through Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The results show that the first EOF mode is characterized by a high chlorophyll concentration zone along the Vietnam coast. We found two peaks in summer (July–August) and in winter (December), respectively, in no...     

Total Maximum Allocated Loads on Stoichiometry of Nitrogen and Identification of Critical Form in Jiaozhou Bay,China

Total pollutant load control management for total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) is an urgent task required to gain a good water quality status in Jiaozhou Bay (     

MEMS POS系统在海岛礁测图中的精度验证

针对我国海岛礁精确基础地理信息空白的现状,开展了基于轻小型无人机微机电(MEMS)POS辅助航空摄影测量系统的集成、安装、测试及南海某岛礁1∶2 000高精度测图精度验证实验,结果表明使用轻小型无人机MEMS POS辅助航空摄影测量系统无控制时难以达到高精度测图的精度要求,在加入少量控制点时,可以明显地提高测图精度。在此基础上给出基于轻小型无人机MEMS POS辅助航空摄影测量技术在远海岛礁高精度测图中的合理性建议。     

2001年MW7.8昆仑山地震震后形变观测、机制与青藏高原中北部岩石圈流变:认识与挑战

2001年M_W7.8昆仑山地震是近半个世纪以来青藏高原发生的最大震级地震。同震破裂产生的巨大应力扰动驱动控制着显著震后形变。二十年尺度的大地测量数据记录了地震后长时间、大范围、时空依赖的震后形变演化过程及差异,揭示了昆仑山地震破裂段复杂的断层分段震后运动学特征、分段摩擦性质差异和青藏高原中北部岩石圈流变性质/结构横向各向异性。本文简要回顾昆仑山地震后基于二十年尺度时序InSAR和GPS的震后形变观测方法和时空特征,特别是时空密集的InSAR观测,是该构造区震后GPS观测的重要补充及其不可替代的观测手段;总结大范围震后形变模拟方法及其揭示的震后运动过程、多种动力学机制及其关系。最后总结提出昆仑山地震震后形变20年研究取得的科学认识及尚待深入研究的科学问题,一方面要持续性地对东昆仑断裂带大范围地表形变进行观测研究;另一方面,要不断更新震后形变模型,进一步深化对该断裂带地震周期形变、区域构造对周期形变控制作用、复杂断层运动时空演化机制的认识。      

中国近海潮汐响应峰值估算的数值模拟

A numerical method is designed to examine the response properties of real sea areas to open ocean forcing. The application of this method to modeling the China’s adjacent seas shows that the Bohai Sea has a highest peak response frequency(PRF) of 1.52 d-1; the northern Yellow Sea has a PRF of 1.69 d-1; the Gyeonggi Bay has a high amplitude gain plateau in the frequency band roughly from 1.7 to 2.7 d-1; the Yellow Sea(including the Gyeonggi Bay), the East China Sea shelf and the Taiwan Strait have a common high amplitude gain band with frequencies around 1.76 to 1.78 d-1 and are shown to be a system that responds to the open ocean forcing in favor of amplifying the waves with frequencies in this band; the Beibu Gulf, the Gulf of Thailand and the South China Sea deep basin have PRFs of 0.91, 1.01 and 0.98 d-1 respectively. In addition, the East China Sea has a Poincare mode PRF of 3.91 d-1. The PRFs of the Bohai Sea, the northern Yellow Sea, the Beibu Gulf and the South China Sea can be explained by a classical quarter(half for the Bohai Sea) wavelength resonance theory. The results show that further investigations are needed for the response dynamics of the Yellow Sea-East China Sea-Taiwan Strait system, the East China Sea Poincare mode, the Taiwan Strait, and the Gulf of Thailand.     

概率积分法沉陷预计与参数反演优化算法及实现

任意多边形工作面沉陷预计及精确的求取概率积分法反演参数是开采沉陷研究的重点。提出了使用Delaunay三角剖分将任意多边形开采区域划分为若干小三角形,然后进行沉陷预计的方法,解决了任意多边形沉陷预计的难题;综合模矢法和遗传算法优点,提出了组合算法,提高了概率积分法参数反演精度和效率;开发了集实测数据处理、预计模型参数反演和移动变形预计模块于一体的地表移动变形数据处理软件。优化算法的提出及系统开发,可以更好的服务于"三下采煤"、矿区建筑物稳定性评估、矿区土地复垦、采煤塌陷地治理规划设计等工作。