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981.
中国降水极值变化趋势检测 总被引:206,自引:9,他引:206
利用中国296个分布均匀的测站的逐日降水资料,研究了中国过去45a中降水量、降水频率、降水强度等方面的极值变化趋势。结果表明,总体上讲,中国年降水量、1日和3日最大降水量以及不同级别的强降水总量没有发现明显的极端化倾向,但伴随着降水日数极端偏多的区域范围越来越小的变化趋势,平均降水强度极端偏高的区域范围表现为扩大的趋势。中国降水极值变化还反映出明显的区域性特点。在中国东部,平均降水强度极值出现的范围趋于扩大。如华北地区在年降水量明显趋于减少的同时,年降水量极端偏多的范围减少,1日和3日最大降水量、日降水≥50mm和100mm的暴雨日数极端偏多的情况也趋于减少,而平均降水强度极值显著增加。在年降水明显趋于增多的西北西部地区,降水日数的极值变化趋势不明显,但年降水量、1日和3日最大降水量以及日降水≥10mm的降水总量极端偏多的区域范围均反映出趋于增加的变化趋势。 相似文献
982.
中国历史探空资料中的一些过失误差及偏差问题 总被引:43,自引:4,他引:43
利用综合静力学质量控制技术,分析中国历史探空资料集中的一些过失误差情况;着重研究了1960年代探空仪器变化给温度和湿度时间序列带来的不均一性问题;进一步讨论了中国近期探空温度和湿度资料中垂直层次上存在的一些偏差问题 相似文献
983.
984.
985.
Climatology and trends of wet spells in China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary Climatological features and variations of wet spells, especially their trends over China, are investigated using a dataset
of 594 meteorological stations across China from 1951 to 2003. The results show that the lower the latitude is, the longer
the annual duration of wet spells is. The mean annual precipitation from wet spells is higher in southeastern coastal areas
and much lower in western and northern China. The longest wet spells are found in Southwest China and the eastern Tibetan
Plateau. The maximum daily precipitation of wet spells decreases from the southeast to the northwest, with the highest in
southeastern coastal areas and the lowest in western China. The trends of wet spells exhibit striking regional differences.
In most areas of western China, the annual number of days in wet spells has slightly increased, but significantly decreased
over North China, Central China and Southwest China. The annual precipitation amount from wet spells displays significant
downward trends in North China, eastern Northeast China and the eastern part of Southwest China, but upward trends in the
eastern Tibetan Plateau and some southeastern coastal areas. Two clearly-contrasting regions in climatic changes of wet spells
are the mid-lower reaches of the Yellow River and the eastern Tibetan Plateau, characterized by a decrease of about 24 days
and an increase of about 6 days in annual wet spell days from 1953 to 2003, respectively. 相似文献
986.
Low-frequency oscillations of the East Asia–Pacific teleconnection pattern and their impacts on persistent heavy precipitation in the Yangtze–Huai River valley
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Based on the daily reanalysis data from NCEP NCAR and daily precipitation data from the China National Meteorological Information Center,an ensemble empirical mode decomposition method is employed to extract the predominant oscillation modes of the East Asia Pacific(EAP) teleconnection pattern.The influences of these low-frequency modes on persistent heavy precipitation in the Yangtze Huai River(YHR)valley are investigated.The results indicate that the EAP pattern and rainfall in YHR valley both exhibit remarkable 10 30- and 30 60-day oscillations.The impacts of the EAP pattern on the YHR persistent heavy precipitation can be found on both the 10 30- and 30 60-day timescales the 10 30-day scale for most cases.Composite analysis indicates that,on the 10 30-day timescale,formation of the EAP pattern in the lower and middle troposphere is determined by convective systems near the tropical western Pacific;whereas in the middle troposphere,the phase transition is jointly contributed by both the dispersion of zonal wave energies at higher latitudes and convective systems over the South China Sea.In the context of the10 30-day EAP pattern,the anomalously abundant moisture is transported by an anomalous subtropical anticyclone system,and strong moisture convergence results from that anomalous anticyclone system and a cyclonic system in the midlatitude East Asia.Such a combination of systems persists for at least three days,contributing to the formation of persistent heavy precipitation in the YHR valley. 相似文献
987.
In order to improve the spatial uniformity of rainfall generator to natural rainfall uniformity, according to the rotation of the test platform, a rotary test platform was designed and developed, and the slip-ring was used to solve the problem of signal transmission in the process of the rotation. Besides, the relationship between rotational speed and spatial uniformity of rainfall generator was established. The results of tipping-bucket rain gauge tested in rainfall field and flow type rainfall intensity standard device testing demonstrated that rainfall generator as the rainfall accumulation and rainfall intensity of the test environment was feasible. Results showed that with the increase of the rotate speed, spatial uniformity first increased, and then decreases, and with the decrease of the test area, different speed presented different trends. When the rotational speed was 1 RPM, test area was 1.6 m×1.6 m and 1.2 m×1.2 m, its uniformity of rainfall generator reached maximum which was bigger than 95%; with the increase of the rotate speed, tipping-bucket rain gauge of RA and RI were of good consistency under the RPM 1 and RPM 2 and the RA maximum deviation reached minimum, 0.2 mm; the average of RA under flow type rainfall intensity standard device test consisted well with rotating test platform at speed RPM 1 and 2, which illustrated the rotary testing platform was consistent with the flow type rainfall intensity standard device. It showed that the method to improve the space uniformity of rainfall generator is feasible and it could find the dynamic difference of RA. 相似文献
988.
989.
中国近百年气候变化的自然原因讨论 总被引:20,自引:9,他引:11
本文分析了近百年来中国气候变化的概况,讨论了影响中国气候变化的自然因素大气环流和海温,此外还叙述了有关大气气溶胶、大气污染等人为因素对中国气候变化影响的研究进展。结果指出:北极涛动、东亚季风这两个大气环流因素对中国气候异常变化有至关重要的作用,同时El Nino和La Nina事件和太平洋年代际振荡的海表温度异常变化也对中国气候产生了一定的影响。但是有关大气气溶胶和大气污染物对中国气候的影响作用还有待于进一步研究,自然原因仍然是影响中国气候变化的主要原因。 相似文献
990.
地史中成矿演化的趋势和阶段性 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
大量的地质矿产资料表明,随着地球的形成和发展,尤其是水圈、大气圈和生物圈的演化,成矿作用也呈前进的、不可逆的发展趋势,表现在成矿物质(矿种)由少到多;矿床类型由简到繁;成矿频率由低到高;聚矿能力由弱到强。受地球上重大地质事件的制约,这一成矿演化过程又表现出阶段性,可划分出7个成矿大阶段,即太古宙、古元古代、中元古代、新元古代、早古生代、晚古生代—早中生代、晚中生代—新生代等成矿期。每一期中都有特定的成矿构造环境和矿床成因类型。制约地史上成矿演化的主要因素有:①成矿物质的地球化学性质;②水圈、大气圈和生物圈的演化;③地球构造运动的演变。矿床形成后的保存条件对矿床的时空分布特征也有重要影响。 相似文献