深部找矿研究问题

中国大部分矿产资源供应的紧缺形势,要求加大中东部地区深部找矿(包括矿山和矿集区)的力度。文章在论述深部找矿的重要性、可能性和艰巨性的基础上,阐释了深部找矿的有关概念,对比了深部矿床和浅表矿床的差异,重点论述了深部探矿的4个基本科学问题,包括：①成矿系统发育的完整程度;②成矿系统发育的深度;③成矿系统网络的三维结构与矿床分带;④深部矿床的示踪标志。最后,作者对加强深部找矿提出了意见和建议。     

Climatology and trends of wet spells in China

Summary Climatological features and variations of wet spells, especially their trends over China, are investigated using a dataset of 594 meteorological stations across China from 1951 to 2003. The results show that the lower the latitude is, the longer the annual duration of wet spells is. The mean annual precipitation from wet spells is higher in southeastern coastal areas and much lower in western and northern China. The longest wet spells are found in Southwest China and the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The maximum daily precipitation of wet spells decreases from the southeast to the northwest, with the highest in southeastern coastal areas and the lowest in western China. The trends of wet spells exhibit striking regional differences. In most areas of western China, the annual number of days in wet spells has slightly increased, but significantly decreased over North China, Central China and Southwest China. The annual precipitation amount from wet spells displays significant downward trends in North China, eastern Northeast China and the eastern part of Southwest China, but upward trends in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and some southeastern coastal areas. Two clearly-contrasting regions in climatic changes of wet spells are the mid-lower reaches of the Yellow River and the eastern Tibetan Plateau, characterized by a decrease of about 24 days and an increase of about 6 days in annual wet spell days from 1953 to 2003, respectively.     

长江流域潜在蒸发量和实际蒸发量的关系

针对“蒸发悖论”科学问题,从长江流域实际蒸发量变化的原因着手,探讨实际蒸发量与潜在蒸发量之间的关系。研究结果表明：一般情况下当干燥度指数R<0.8时,实际蒸发量与潜在蒸发量为明显的正相反关系,当0.81.0时,实际蒸发量与潜在蒸发量为明显的互补关系。     

大别山东段反季蔬菜生产中的气候问题

在分析大别山东段 (安徽侧 )高山反季蔬菜生产的气候优势和气象条件限制的基础上 ,本着趋利避害的原则 ,就蔬菜生产的安全高度、播种适期、栽培管理等问题进行了探讨。     

中国区域成矿若干问题探讨

本文以区域大地构造演化和区域岩石圈组成为基础,将中国大陆划分为６个成矿域：天山－兴蒙成矿域,塔里木－华北成矿域。秦－祁－昆成矿域,扬子成矿域,华南成矿域,喜马拉雅－三江成矿域,并描述了它们的基本下,按照不同地质时代,简述了中国大地构造演化与主要矿床过程,并从中国近处大地构造背景和地质成矿演化历史出发,探讨了中国区域成矿特色,初步提出８点;（１）大陆边缘成矿显著;（２）发育叠加复合成矿作用;（３）壳     

关于成矿参数临界转换的探讨

在成矿过程中，普遍存在矿参数的临界转换现象。在制约成临界转换的参数和多种形式中，构造动力转换可能起着根本的作用。文章以山东焦家、阜山等矿床为例，列举剪切带构造中的临界转换现象。又以火山爆发和地震为例，说明构造动力体制转换诱发的突发地质事件及伴随的成矿作用。在说明构造动力转换的多重尺度后，重点论述了整体构造背景下的局部转换（例如总体挤压背景下的局部拉张、总体拉张盆地中的局部封闭）是一常见的矿源－运输－汇聚结构。在构造动力体制转换带动下，多种参数的联动转换是形成大型矿床的一种机制。     

一次飑线大风天气过程成因分析

利用常规气象资料、自动站资料、多普勒雷达资料及NCEP再分析资料,分析了2014年3月31日广西大风天气过程的环境背景场、层结结构、垂直风切变场、局地层结特征、物理量配置、雷达回波及地面风场特征,得到一些有意义的结论,可以为此类天气过程预报提供参考。     

呼和浩特市PM_（10）污染特征分析

对2004—2011年的PM10浓度资料进行统计分析发现：呼和浩特市PM10污染最严重的是冬季,主要是由于燃煤采暖造成污染源增加以及大气扩散能力较弱;其次是春季,主要是由大风引发的沙尘天气所造成的。     

Interannual to decadal variability of the winter Aleutian Low intensity during 1900–2004

A new winter Aleutian Low (AL) intensity index was defined in this paper. A centurial-long time series of this index was constructed using the sea level pressure (SLP) data of nearly 100 years. The features of interannual and decadal variability of the winter AL intensity since 1900 were analyzed by applying the wavelet analysis. The relationship between the winter AL intensity and atmospheric circulation was examined. The cross-wavelet analysis technique was used to further reveal the relationship between the AL intensity and sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial eastern Pacific (EEP) and tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) in winter. The results indicate that: 1) On the interannual timescale, the winter AL intensity displays 3–7-yr oscillations, while on the decadal timescale, 8–10-yr and 16–22-yr oscillations are more obvious. 2) Of the linkage to atmospheric circulation, both AO (Arctic Oscillation) and PNA (Pacific North America pattern) are closely associated with winter AL intensity on the interannual timescale, but only PNA contributes to the variation of winter AL intensity on the decadal timescale. 3) As to the ocean impact, winter EEP SST is a major factor affecting the winter AL intensity on the interannual timescale, especially on the 3–7-yr periods. However, on the decadal timescale, though both the TIO and EEP SSTs are associated with the AL intensity in winter, the TIO SST impact is more significant.     

利用两类雷达探测资料分析超强台风“威马逊”登陆期间结构演变特征

利用实时多普勒天气雷达、边界层风廓线雷达和自动站资料对超强台风“威马逊”第4次登陆广西沿海时台风结构的演变特征进行研究,结果表明：台风眼区气压呈“漏斗”形变化,具有气压低、风速弱、空气干而暖的特征;登陆过程中眼区保持圆形,半径约为30 km,是典型强台风结构;天气雷达径向速度大风区具有非对称性,右象限大于左象限;风廓线雷达水平风场能够精确、直观地描述台风不同部位经过测站时的垂直结构特征,从低层到高层风向先后经历了“东北风—东风—东南风—南风”的转变过程,风速整体上呈现随高度先增大后减小的特点,其垂直速度和大气折射率结构常数(C2n)能够很好地反映台风的结构及其云和气流的变化特征;两种雷达风场产品的风向一致,但是VWP产品的风速比风廓线雷达的要小,VWP产品出现无效数据时,可以用风廓线雷达产品作为补充。