复杂断块油气田流体性质及分布规律研究

本文以东辛、永安镇油气田为例，对复杂断块油气田的油气水性质、分布规律及影响因素进行了初步研究。研究表明，断块油气田流体性质复杂多变，埋藏深度制约流体性质在纵、横向上的变化，深部地层油轻气重水咸，浅部地层油重气轻水淡。次生变化是决定原油性质变化的主要因素。     

MAGMATIC EVOLUTION OF OKINAWA TROUGH DURING ITS EARLY SPREADING STAGE

The Okinawa Trough is different from other typical backarc spreading basins because the acidic vol-canic rock(pumice)is extensively distributed in it.Systematic mineralogical and petrochemical study on arepresentative core(Z14—5)to characterize the magmatic evolution of the Trough during its early spreading stage showed that the pumice magma was originally from the mantle,but underwent full crystallizationdifferentiation and was possibly contaminated by crust-derived material.With time,the acidic volcanic ac-tivities of the Okinawa Trough have an evolutional tendency of shifting to relatively basic magma activity.With further spreading of the Trough the magmatic activity will be intensified and the crust of the Troughwill develop from the transitional type to the oceanic type.     

超高压变质作用：固体地球科学领域的新挑战

本文简述了国际上超高压变质岩研究领域中十年来的主要进展。含柯石英变沉积岩的发现暗示了上地壳物质可被迅速带至地下９０ｋｍ或更深处经受超高压变质作用，并在八千万年中很快折返出露地表。这一研究在实验岩石学、造岩矿物学、同位素年代学和大陆造山带的地球动力学等四个方面给固体地球科学领域带来了一系列重大突破。预计在今后五至十年内，这一研究将保持其热点地位，并围绕超高压变质作用过程和超高压变质岩折返的动力学过程展开工作。     

Apparent Polar Wander Path from the Tarim Block in China

The apparent polar wander (APW) path from the Tarim block consists of palaeo-magnetic poles ofDevonian (λ=16°N, ψ= 165° E. A_(95)=4°). Late Carboniferous (λ=41° N, ψ=160° E, A_(95)=4°).Permian (λ=61°N, ψ=177° E. A_(95)=9°). Early Triassic (λ=69° N. ψ=183° E. A_(95)=11°) andJurassic/Cretaceous (λ=65° N, ψ=214° E. A_(95)=6°) times. On the basis of this APW path, it is con-cluded that the Tarim block was subducted beneath the Kazakstan plate between Devonian and Permiantimes. The Tarim, North China and South China blocks were sutured between the Early Triassic and EarlyCretaceous. Tarim had moved eastward some 2000 km relative to Siberia since the Cretaceous.     

花岗质熔体的结构特征与其产铀潜力

本文从花岗质熔体结构特征的角度,探讨了熔体成分与其产铀潜力之间的关系。分析了熔体中的K,Na对铀富集的控制作用,八面体、四面体空隙和晶体场效应,O/Si比值对铀活动性的影响。讨论了决定熔体粘度的一些因素,提出了熔体相对粘度值的计算方法,结合实例介绍了熔体相对粘度值的意义及地质应用。总结了有利于产铀的熔体结构特征标志。     

A simulation analysis on pelagic-benthic coupling ecosystem of the northern Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China

INTRODUCTIONWith the development of economy and the exploitation of coastal resources, the coastal en-vironment of the northern part of China was seriously damaged, especially in the Jiaozhou Bay.More attention was paid to this phenomenon. Five comprehensive investigations on theecological dynamics of the Jiaozhou Bay were carried out from March to November of 1995. Theaim is to study the annual variation characteristics of the ecosystem dynamics of the Jiaozhou Bay.Yu Guangyao et al.…     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> absorption by alkaline soils and its implication to the global carbon cycle

Motivated by the rapid increase in atmospheric CO₂ due to human activities since the Industrial Revolution, and the climate changes it produced, the world’s concerned scientific community has made a huge effort to investigate the global carbon cycle. However, the results reveal that the global CO₂ budget cannot be balanced, unless a “missing sink” is invoked. Although numerous studies claimed to find the “missing sink”, none of those claims has been widely accepted. This current study showed that alkaline soil on land are absorbing CO₂ at a rate of 0.3–3.0 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ with an inorganic, non-biological process. The intensity of this CO₂ absorption is determined by the salinity, alkalinity, temperature and water content of the saline/alkaline soils, which are widely distributed on land. Further studies revealed that high salinity or alkalinity positively affected the CO₂ absorbing intensity, while high temperature and water content had a negative effect on the CO₂ absorbing intensity of these soils. This inorganic, non-biological process of CO₂ absorption by alkaline soils might have significant implications to the global carbon budget accounting.     

Constant-ductility strength demand spectra for seismic design of structures

In displacement-based seismic design, constant-ductility strength demand spectra （CDSDS） are very useful for preliminary design of new structures where the global displacement ductility capacity is known. The CDSDS can provide the required inelastic lateral strength of new structures from the required elastic lateral strength. Based on a statistical study of nonlinear time-history for an SDOF system, the mean CDSDS corresponding to four site conditions are presented and approximate expressions of the inelastic spectra are proposed, which are functions of the structural period and ductility level. The effects of site conditions, structural period, level of ductility, damping and post-yield stiffness of structures on CDSDS are also investigated. It is concluded that site conditions, ductility level and structural period have important effects on the CDSDS and damping, post-yield stiffness effects are rather complex and of minor importance. The damping, post-yield stiffness effects depend on both the level of ductility and the natural period of structures.     

大比例尺数字地形图的数据质量控制

数据质量控制是良好的数字地形图质量的重要保证。文中从野外采集数据和地图数字化两个方面分析了影响大比例尺数字地形图数据质量的因素 ,讨论了数据质量控制的方法。     

中国极端强降水日数与ENSO的关系

利用G分布函数对中国1951-2004年地面台站逐日降水观测资料进行雨日降水量概率分布拟合并定义极端降水事件,在此基础上对极端降水日数与ENSO的关系进行分析研究。结果表明,ENSO对同期的极端降水发生频率在不同地区和不同季节表现出不同的影响作用。总体而言,中国极端降水事件更易发生在厄尔尼诺年的冬春季和拉尼娜年的夏秋季。极端降水在对ENSO强信号的滞后响应上,其发生频率在时空上发生了变化,主要表现为,多数地方更易在ENSO暖位相出现后的半年左右发生极端降水事件。研究表明,ENSO冷暖信号对我国极端降水事件多寡的影响具有不对称性。