裂变径迹定年法中国际标样的年龄测定

第６届国际裂变径迹测定地质年代学术讨论会上推荐标准化刻度裂变径迹定年法，并推荐了几种定年标样。本文通过标准铀玻璃刻度系数定出值，利用外探测器法测定了国际标样中的３种桔石和两种磷灰石的年龄（ＦＣＴ２７．７±０．８Ｍａ，ＢＭ１６．１±０．５Ｍａ，ＴＲ６０．０±３．ＯＭａ，Ｄｕｒａｎｇｏ３０．８±１．９Ｍａ），在误差范围内与参考年龄一致。     

冷锋前浙江大范围冰雹天气的发生条件

本文选取了7个实例,分析冷锋前浙江大范围冰雹天气的发生条件。大范围冰雹天气发生前,必须具有较大的位势不稳定能和较强的边界层辐合。强的风速垂直切变并不是必要条件。冰雹天气发生前6—12小时,对流层中、下部不一定有大尺度辐合上升。冰雹发生之前,边界层内暖湿空气十分强盛,而中层的冷干空气活动一般并不明显。因此不稳定能的形成主要是由于边界层内暖湿平流的结果。冰雹天气过程的水汽通量散度,与一般暴雨过程不同,前者的水汽辐合几乎全部集中在边界层内。冷锋位置、边界层辐合线、潜在不稳定度和对流不稳定度这四个因子相结合,可能是预报冷锋前有无大范围冰雹天气发生的有效信息。     

我国区域旅游资源的复式评价

分析认为我国旅游资源的经济是由二个阶段完成的,区域旅游资源评价的主要依据是生产力发展水平和社会经济发展的阶段性。第一次评价着眼于旅游资源的类型,第二次评价着眼于市场开发的可行性及效益。     

长江流域旱涝时期大气水汽输送与收支

本文对1980年和1985年长江流域典型夏涝与夏旱时期中国大气水汽输送以及收支特点进行了对比分析。旱涝形成在很大程度上是水分盈亏问题。水分输送及平衡在气候形成中的作用一直受到气象学者的重视,但旱涝时期我国大气水汽输送和收支的研究还不多。     

大兴安岭南段多金属矿成矿作用和找矿潜力

大兴安岭南段多金属成矿带位于中亚造山带东部贺根山断裂与西拉沐伦河断裂之间,处于古亚洲洋构造与古太平洋构造的叠加部位。具有双层结构特征(基底以二叠纪地层为主,盖层为侏罗纪早白垩世地层),发育了多期的构造、岩浆活动,以及众多的多金属矿床。区内矿床以多成矿元素共生、伴生为特点,按成矿作用特征划分为4个成矿系统(斑岩、矽卡岩、热液脉状、碱性花岗岩成矿系统)。斑岩成矿系统包括斑岩钼多金属、锡多金属2个亚成矿系统,矽卡岩成矿系统包括矽卡岩型铁锡、铅锌银2个亚成矿系统,热液脉状成矿系统包括银多金属、铜多金属、锡多金属3个亚成矿系统,碱性花岗岩成矿系统为稀有稀土成矿系统。大兴安岭南段多金属矿床形成于2个主要时期:晚二叠—世三叠纪、晚侏罗世—早白垩世。两期成矿作用均与花岗质岩浆活动密切相关,成矿物质来源既包括深部岩浆带来的物质,也包括区内地层,具有多来源特点。晚二叠—世三叠纪多金属矿床形成于古亚洲洋构造体系,晚侏罗世—早白垩世多金属矿床形成于古太平洋构造体系。优越的成矿地质条件及良好的地球物理与地球化学异常表明大兴安岭南段仍具有巨大的找矿潜力。     

突发气象灾害科普视频制作的创新模式——以科普视频《揭秘广西桂林临桂区“3·21”17级大风》为例

采用“故事化叙事”手法,以制作科普视频《揭秘广西桂林临桂区“3·21”17级大风》为例探讨了突发气象灾害科普视频的制作思路和创新要点。通过运用图形和动画对分钟级的精细化实况数据、雷达回波图进行可视化展现,可使气象科普视频通俗易懂,可看性和趣味性增强。     

High-pressure X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy of CaFe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>-type β-CaCr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>

In situ high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic studies of orthorhombic CaFe₂O₄-type β-CaCr₂O₄ chromite were carried out up to 16.2 and 32.0 GPa at room temperature using multi-anvil apparatus and diamond anvil cell, respectively. No phase transition was observed in this study. Fitting a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state to the P–V data yields a zero-pressure volume of V ₀ = 286.8(1) ų, an isothermal bulk modulus of K ₀ = 183(5) GPa and the first pressure derivative of isothermal bulk modulus K ₀′ = 4.1(8). Analyses of axial compressibilities show anisotropic elasticity for β-CaCr₂O₄ since the a-axis is more compressible than the b- and c-axis. Based on the obtained and previous results, the compressibility of several CaFe₂O₄-type phases was compared. The high-pressure Raman spectra of β-CaCr₂O₄ were analyzed to determine the pressure dependences and mode Grüneisen parameters of Raman-active bands. The thermal Grüneisen parameter of β-CaCr₂O₄ is determined to be 0.93(2), which is smaller than those of CaFe₂O₄-type CaAl₂O₄ and MgAl₂O₄.     

Nature of mantle source contributions and crystal differentiation in the petrogenesis of the 1.78 Ga mafic dykes in the central North China craton

Circa 1.78 Ga mafic dyke swarms and some coeval volcanic associations constitute a Large Igneous Province in the central North China craton. The 1st generation of dykes intruded at ca. 1780 Ma and is chemically delineated into 3 groups: the LT Group is gabbroic and has low-Fe–Ti contents, acting as parental magma; the NW Group is high in Fe–Ti-contents and doleritic with an iron-enriched trend; whereas the EW Group is doleritic to andesitic and crystallized from relict siliceous liquids with a silica-enriched trend. They have an EM-I type source and record integral magmatic processes. These include contamination of lithospheric material and assimilation of crustal melts with in-situ crystallization in a magma chamber (the LT Group) and fractional crystallization in magma channels (the NW Group) and even with additional alteration (the EW Group). The 2nd generation is slightly younger (ca. 1760 Ma) and scarcely distributed. It has high-Fe–Ti contents, originated from a mixing source of DM and EM-I types. The dykes could be associated with a palaeo-plume: the 1st generation represents lower mantle melts generated from the plume head, whereas the 2nd generation records extra melts from asthenosphere entrained by the plume tail.     

Longmu Co-Shuanghu plate suture and evolution records of paleo-Tethyan oceanic in Qiangtang area,Qinghai-Tibet plateau

Three Late Triassic plate sutures, namely, the Longmu Co-Shuanghu suture, Kunlun-Qinling suture and Xijinwulan-Jinshajiang suture, have been recognized on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Data show that the last two sutures have no essential elements of the northern boundary of Gondwana. This paper briefly introduces the facts of the existence of the paleo-Tethys Ocean in the Longmu Co-Shuanghu suture, i.e., the ages and natures of Early Paleozoic ophiolites, Permian ophiolites, Devonian-Permian radiolarian cherts, accretionary relics of different natures, two types of tectonic mélange zones and ophiolites. The starting time of paleo-Tethys Ocean in Qiangtang may be traced back to the Early Paleozoic and the records about the oceanic basin evolution lasted from the Late Devonian to Late Triassic. It is thought that the Longmu Co-Shuanghu suture was the site for the extinction of the paleo-Tethys Ocean on Qinghai-Tibet plateau and an important window for the reconstruction and inversion of the early-stage formation and evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, as well as the northern boundary of Gondwana wich the geoscience community has paid attention to in the past few decades. Translated from Geological Bulletin of China, 2007, 26(1): 13–21 [译自: 地质通报]