Sound velocities of Na0.4Mg0.6Al1.6Si0.4O4 NAL and CF phases to 73 GPa determined by Brillouin scattering method

The sound velocities of two aluminum-rich phases in the lower mantle, hexagonal new Al-rich phase (NAL) and its corresponding high-pressure polymorph orthorhombic Ca-ferrite-type phase (CF), were determined with the Brillouin scattering method in a pressure range from 9 to 73 GPa at room temperature. Both NAL and CF samples have identical chemical composition of Na_0.4Mg_0.6Al_1.6Si_0.4O₄ (40 % NaAlSiO₄–60 % MgAl₂O₄). Infrared laser annealing in the diamond anvil cell was performed to minimize the stress state of the sample and obtain the high-quality Brillouin spectra. The results show shear modulus at zero pressure G ₀ = 121.960 ± 0.087 GPa and its pressure derivative G’ = 1.961 ± 0.009 for the NAL phase, and G ₀ = 129.653 ± 0.059 GPa and G’ = 2.340 ± 0.004 for the CF phase. The zero-pressure shear velocities of the NAL and CF phases are obtained to be 5.601 ± 0.005 km/sec and 5.741 ± 0.001 km/sec, respectively. We also found that shear velocity increases by 2.5 % upon phase transition from NAL to CF at around 40 GPa.     

澳大利亚奥特韦盆地油气地质特征与资源潜力

从区域构造背景和地层沉积特征描述了澳大利亚奥特韦盆地的基础地质特征;从烃源岩、储集层和圈闭三个方面论述了盆地的油气成藏条件;从平面和层系上总结了盆地的油气分布特征。截止到2008年底,该盆地累计生产天然气124.5×10^8m^3,经济和次经济意义的证实储量为石油2×10^6t,天然气350×10^8m^3。对盆地的资源潜力进行评价,并对有利的远景区进行预测。     

影响连云港的几次显著温带风暴潮过程分析和及其数值模拟

本文建立一个温带风暴潮模式，包括海上边界层风场模式和风暴潮数值模式。利用建立的温带风暴潮模式，模拟了影响连云港的几次显著温带风暴潮过程，结果表明，本模式所采用的海上边界层风场模式和风暴潮数值模式是匹配的，能够满足海洋工程中的风暴潮数值计算的需要，甚至可以成为日常温带风暴潮数值预报的有用手段。     

舟山海域春季海雾发生规律和成因分析

分析了1990－1999年春季发生在舟山海域海雾的气候特征、环流背景及成因，归纳出春季海雾形成前的3种天气形势：倒槽前部型、高压底部型、入海高压后部型。在对海雾生成时的要素特征进行分析的基础上，得出了春季海雾发生的一般规律，为海洋预报和服务提供一定的参考依据。     

EnKF中误差协方差优化方法及在资料同化中应用

集合卡尔曼滤波 (the Ensemble Kalman Filter,简称EnKF) 中将预报集合的统计协方差作为预报误差协方差,但该估计可能严重偏离真实的预报误差协方差,影响同化精度。基于极大似然估计理论,发展了一种优化预报误差协方差矩阵的实时膨胀方法,即MLE (the Maximum Likelihood Estimation) 方法。利用蒙古国基准站Delgertsgot (简称DGS站) 观测资料,基于EnKF方法和MLE方法,在通用陆面模式 (the Common Land Model,简称CoLM) 中同化了地表温度和10 cm土壤温度观测资料,建立了土壤温度同化系统。结果表明:MLE方法对地表温度和各层土壤温度 (尤其深层土壤温度) 的估计比EnKF方法准确。考虑到浅层和深层土壤温度的差别,在实施MLE方法时对浅层和深层土壤温度采用了不同的膨胀因子。对比膨胀因子为单一标量时的结果,多因子膨胀能缓解深层土壤温度的不合理膨胀,改善同化效果。     

BSN矿山微震监测技术及其应用

深井高应力、高岩压诱发的冒顶、片帮、塌方、岩爆等地压灾害严重影响了矿山安全生产.随着高精度、高采样率传感器的研发和计算机技术的飞速发展,微震高精度实时监测技术不断完善,微震监测已成为矿山地压灾害监测预警的重要手段.通过设计、研发完全自主知识产权的BSN(BGRIMM Seismic Network)微震监测系统,实现了...     

Performance and prediction of long-term settlement in road embankments constructed with recycled construction and demolition waste

The settlement of highway embankments can directly affect the structural safety of road pavement. Comprehensive assessment of the long-term settlement characteristics of highway embankments is important in highway safety management. The present study conducted long-term settlement monitoring in an embankment of the Xi’an-Xianyang Highway in Shaanxi Province, China, that was constructed with recycled construction and demolition waste. Variations in sectional settlement, cumulative settlement, differential settlement, and settlement rates were made in a barricade section and an arc-shaped protective slope section. The maximum settlement observed in the barricade section was 51.75 mm, with the embankment exhibiting “basin-shaped” settlement. The maximum settlement in the arc-shaped protective slope section was 42.22 mm, and the embankment exhibited “W-shaped” settlement. Furthermore, there were two stages of great increase in the settlement rate. Based on the results, control standards for the sectional settlement of embankments constructed with recycled construction and demolition waste are proposed. Finally, a model for predicting the long-term settlement in road embankments constructed with recycled construction and demolition waste is established based on a Weibull distribution probability density function.

     

Coastal deformation between the Versilia and the Garigliano plains (Italy) since the last interglacial stage

The opening of the north‐central Tyrrhenian Sea is the result of the Cretaceous–Paleogene alpine collision, which triggered a series of regional uplift, subsidence and transcurrent tectonic mechanisms along the coastal Tyrrhenian sectors of peninsular Italy. These tectonic processes, in conjunction with the effects of glacio‐ and hydro‐isostasy during the Quaternary, produced substantial crustal responses that, in some cases, reached metres in extent. In the study of coastal neotectonics, geomorphological markers of the last interglacial maximum, corresponding to marine isotope stage 5.5, are generally used to quantify the magnitude of the vertical crustal displacements that have occurred since 125 kyr. Through altimetrical, palaeoenvironmental and chronological reinterpretation of the most significant works published since 1913, combined with an additional set of data reported here, a detailed reconstruction of the shoreline displacements evident along 500 km of coast between northern Tuscany and southern Latium is presented. The reconstruction was carried out by quantifying the vertical movement since the last interglacial period and by identifying the tectonic behaviour of different coastal sectors. This has been done by carefully choosing the eustatic marker, among those available at each study site, in order to minimize the margin of error associated with the measurements. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.