Some issues in diagnostics of solar chromospheric magnetic fields with the Mg b2 line

Up to now, exact measurements of chromospheric magnetic fields have not been as successful as those done in the photosphere. We are currently engaging in diagnostics of chromospheric magnetic fields with the Mg b2 line by employing the Multi-Channel Solar Telescope at Huairou Solar Observing Station. Therefore, how to improve accuracy in the measurement is the main issue of our present study. To this end, we first study linear calibration coefficients for longitudinal and transverse components of chromospheric fields, which vary with wavelength, in the case of a weak field assumption. Then the polarization crosstalk introduced by instruments is analyzed in detail with two numerical simulation methods. Comparisons of the po- larization signals between cases with and without correction are presented. The result indicates that polarization accuracy is greatly improved after crosstalk correction.     

Dominants and accumulation of rare earth elements in sediments derived from riparian and depressional marshes

The rare earth elements (REEs) in the sediments of the Xianghai wetlands were measured by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. The REEs accumulation rates in two sedimentation cores derived from the riparian and depressional marshes were determined by ²¹⁰Pb method. The results showed that REEs concentrations in the Xianghai wetland sediments (∑REEs, 116 mg kg⁻¹) were lower than the corresponding values in Chinese soils (181 mg kg⁻¹) and river sediments (∑REEs, 158–191 mg kg⁻¹). Under alkaline conditions (with pH, 8.2–10.3), the light REEs were more enriched than the heavy REEs. Cerium is the predominant element, and accounts for 30–33% of the total REEs. REEs in the depressional marsh sediments were relatively high (∑REEs, 127 vs. 104 mg kg⁻¹), especially light REEs contents. A significantly positive correlation was found between the neighboring elements except Pr and Dy. The different types of vertical distribution of REEs between the riparian and the depressional marsh can partly result from long-term differing hydrological regimes. Generally, depressional marsh had accumulated much more REEs than riparian marsh (the mean accumulation rates of ∑REEs, 102.98 vs. 48.89 μg cm⁻² year⁻¹).     

Pore pressure in deep bore-holes: Its measurement and relation with seismic activities

The method of measuring the pore pressure of stratum fluid in deep bore-holes is presented. Taking the sedimentary basins in North China as an example, the variation law of pore pressure measured in strata within the depth range of 0 to 4 km is analyzed. Furthermore, the relation between the regional distribution of abnormal pore pressures in 3 000 m depth and seismic activities is discussed in connection with the earthquakes of M _S5.0 that occurred after 1 900 in the studied region. The study result indicates that the strata pore pressure P ₀ measured in deep bore-holes is not exactly the same as the hydrostatic pressure PH. Ultra pore pressure does exist, though not commonly. The relation that the pore pressures (P ₀₁, P ₀₂ and P ₀₃) measured in exploration, evaluation and exploitation wells in Oil-fields and the hydrostatic pressuree (P _H) of the above wells is as follows: 1 P ₀₁>P ₀₂>P _H>P ₀₃ in areas with ultra pore pressures; 2 P _H>P ₀₁>P ₀₂>P ₀₃ in areas where the pore pressures are normal or on the lower side. The relation between the regional distribution of ultra pore pressures and the activity of earthquakes of M _S5.0 has been analyzed. The result shows that, with latitudes 36.0°–36.5°N as a demarcation, pore pressures are ultra-high in the south and are normal or lower in the north. In the south, the measured pore pressure is obviously higher than the hydrostatic pressure below the depth of about 2 000 m and it increases as a power function with increasing depth; meanwhile, the earthquake activity there is weaker. In the north, however, the measured pore pressure increases as a linear function with increasing depth; meanwhile, the earthquake activity there is stronger. This project sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

若尔盖气候变化及其对湿地退化的影响

若尔盖高原沼泽湿地地处黄河上游,属江河源区,其生态作用对黄河的安危有直接影响,近年来退化严重。本文利用若尔盖高原湿地周边4个气象站1971—2000年逐月平均气温和降水量资料,分析了年和四季的气候特征及气候变化趋势,并对气候突变进行了检验。结果表明:近30年来若尔盖湿地表现出气温升高、降水量减少、蒸发量增大的暖干化趋势,并且在20世纪90年代后期变化趋势更加明显。这种气候变化趋势使得若尔盖高原湿地的地表水资源减少,湿地萎缩,加速了草地退化和沙化。在气候暖干化的背景下,人类活动又加剧了若尔盖高原沼泽湿地萎缩及退化趋势。     

南极海冰边缘区密集度的年际变化与西风的Ekman输运

为了揭示南极海冰年际变化的机制,利用南极海冰边缘区密集度和海面风资料,选择南极海冰边缘区海冰密集度年际变化较大的5个海区进行统计分析.研究表明：南半球冬季在这5个海区海冰密集度年际变化与南侧西风的年际变化有较密切的关系,南半球冬季南极海冰边缘区南侧西风形成向北的Ekman输运对海冰边缘区的海冰密集度有重要的影响,这种影响在南太平洋和南大西洋比在南印度洋东部更明显.     

复杂网络中考虑不完全免疫的病毒传播研究

提出一种新的流行病传播模型,基于平均场理论,研究传染媒介和传播延迟同时存在对网络中流行病传播行为的影响.理论分析和仿真结果表明,传染媒介和传播延迟同时存在显著增强了网络中流行病爆发的危险性,并加速了流行病的传播.研究还发现,对于给定的有效传播率,均匀网络中流行病的感染程度分别与传染媒介的传染概率和传播延迟呈对数关系,无标度网络中流行病的感染程度与传染媒介的传染概率呈幂率关系,而与传播延迟之间则存在线性关系.     

Thermal effect mechanism of magnetoresistance in p-type diamond films

Based on the analysis and the discussion of the influence of thermal ionization energy and various scatterings on magnetoresistance(MR) of p-type diamond films, a revised model of valence band split-off over temperature is put forward, and a corresponding calculation formula is given for the MR of p-type diamond films (Corbino discs). It is shown that the theoretical calculation that the MR of diamond films changes with temperature is consistent with the experiment. The influence of Fermi energy level on MR of diamond films is discussed. Additionally, the thermal effect mechanism of MR in p-type diamond films is also explored.     

吴中区湿地资源现状调查和保护对策

调查了吴中区面积在8hm2以上的湖泊湿地、沼泽湿地、人工湿地以及宽度10m以上、长度5km以上的河流湿地,结果表明:吴中区共有湿地113个斑块,面积180459.69hm2,占吴中行政区划面积的82.95%。湿地水生植物95种,隶属37科60属;鱼类100多种,隶属12目23科;留居、旅经或在该地进行繁殖的鸟类至少170种,隶属16目;两栖动物9种,隶属3科7属;爬行动物24种。通过实施湿地保护立法、开展湿地生态补偿、建立湿地保护区、湿地定位站和退垦还湖、退渔还湿工程对吴中区湿地进行全面保护,以期发挥其更大的生态效益和经济效益。     

边界层动力"抽吸泵"对青藏高原低涡的作用

考虑热带气旋类青藏高原低涡为受加热和摩擦强迫并满足热成风平衡的轴对称涡旋系统,通过求解线性化柱坐标系中涡旋模式的初值问题,分析了高原边界层动力"抽吸泵"对高原低涡结构及发展的作用,得出了特定热力、动力作用下高原低涡水平流场和垂直流场的典型结构特征,并讨论了低涡发展与边界层抽吸作用的关系.结果表明:高原上较强的边界层动力"抽吸泵"作用对高原低涡的流场结构及发展有重要影响.当边界层动力"抽吸泵"表现为"抽"的效应时,有利于边界层中对流活动的发展;反之表现为"吸"的效应时,有利于边界层以上的高原低涡的加强.     

海冰对南极磷虾（Euphausua superba）资源丰度的影响

利用1997-2008年南极磷虾产量及各月南极海冰面积数据,分析南极磷虾产量的时空分布,以及海冰对南极磷虾资源丰度的影响。结果表明,近年来南极磷虾年平均产量在11万t左右,主要来自48渔区,渔汛期为3—7月。但不同渔区（48．1区、48．2区和48．3区）在不同年份和季节,其产量和CPUE均有明显差异。分析认为,48区...