熵权法改进的模糊数学滑坡稳定性评价方法研究

滑坡是中国最为常见的一种地质灾害类型,其具有的易发、频发特点使得人民的生命财产安全受到了严重的威胁,滑坡的稳定性评价是滑坡防灾减灾工作中最为关键的一项工作。鉴于滑坡诱发因素具有模糊性的特点,文章以陕西省勉县新铺镇发育的典型堆积层滑坡为例,在地质环境条件分析的基础上,考虑了采用模糊数学法进行滑坡稳定性评价,并引入热力学中“熵”的概念,采用熵权法确定了滑坡诱发因子的权重,进而提出了一种基于熵权法改进的模糊数学滑坡稳定性评价新方法。结果表明：新提出的基于熵权法改进的模糊数学滑坡稳定性评价方法克服了传统模糊综合评价方法主观性判断滑坡影响因子权重的弊端;通过数值模拟法进行滑坡稳定性定量化分析验证,发现两种方法评价结论较为吻合,说明了所提出的新方法具有一定的可靠性。基于熵权法改进的模糊数学滑坡稳定性评价方法较为快速简捷,可用于临灾快速预警、应急救援等突发情况下的滑坡防灾减灾工作。     

从江汉叠合盆地构造形变特征看华南与华北陆块的拼贴过程

构造解析表明,现今观察到的中扬子地区中部江汉叠合盆地主体构造格架面貌大体形成于印支 早燕山碰撞造山期;其中,主造山初期前陆盆地发育阶段,盆区东、西部构造形变差异明显,晚期经调整而渐趋平衡,由此显现华南与华北两大陆块在碰撞造山过程中可能先后经历了早期点状接触与陆间斜向俯冲和晚期线状接触与陆内俯冲两个发展阶段。晚燕山期以来,盆地裂陷阶段构造格架的分区发育与右行旋转特点,证明中扬子地区曾发生过双向伸展和构造旋转作用,暗示晚燕山 早喜马拉雅期华南与华北两大陆块可能处于逐渐焊合的过程,研究区总体处于造山后陆内应力场调整阶段。盆地坳陷期发育阶段山盆非耦合面貌及壳幔“立交桥”式结构特征展示晚喜马拉雅期以来叠合盆地南、北边缘造山带已进入去根与裂解过程中。     

Dynamic stress concentration of an elliptical cavity in a semi-elliptical hill under SH-waves

The method of wave-function expansion in elliptical coordinates,elliptical cosine half-range expansion and Mathieu function were applied to obtain an exact analytical solution of the dynamic stress concentration factor(DSCF)around an elliptical cavity in a shallow,semi-elliptical hill.An infinite system of simultaneous linear equations for solving this problem was established by substituting the wave expression obtained by the Mathieu function including the standing wave expression of elliptical lining given herein into the boundary condition obtained by the region-matching method.The finite equations system with unknown coefficients obtained by truncation were solved numerically,and the results in the case of an ellipse degenerating into a circle were compared with previous results to verify the accuracy of the method.The effects of different aspect ratios,incident wave angles and aperture ratios on the dynamic stress concentration around the elliptical cavity were described.Some numerical results,when the elliptical hill was changed into a circular one,were analyzed and compared in detail.In engineering,this model can be regarded as a semi-cylindrical hill with an elliptical cylindrical unlined tunnel under the action of SH waves,and the results are significant in aseismic design.     

Experimental study of a highway bridge with shape memory alloy restrainers focusing on the mitigation of unseating and pounding

This paper presents an experimental study to investigate the performance of shape memory alloy(SMA) restrainers for mitigating the pounding and unseating of highway bridges when subjected to seismic excitations.Mechanical property tests of the SMA wire used in the restrainers are conducted first to understand the pseudo-elastic characteristics of the material.Then,a series of shaking table tests are carried out on a highway bridge model.The structural responses of the highway bridge model equipped with SMA restrainers,installed in the form of deck-deck and deck-pile connections,are analyzed and compared with the uncontrolled structures.The test results of this study indicate that the SMA restrainers are not only effective in preventing unseating but also in suppressing the seismic-induced pounding of the highway bridge model used in this study.     

Research on Initial Modeling Method for TTI Anisotropic Parameters Based on Local Tomography

The initial modeling method based on TTI anisotropy can provide an initial model for the fine modeling of tomographic inversion, and the quality of the initial model directly affects the efficiency and accuracy of tomographic inversion. It is necessary to study the accurate initial modeling method of TTI anisotropy. Based on the conventional flow of the initial modeling method of TTI anisotropic, in this paper the anisotropic parameter extraction formula was perfected, a local tomography method to optimize the flow of the initial modeling method of TTI anisotropy was introduced, and the accuracy of the initial model was further improved, which is more consistent with the actual geological conditions and conducive to the fine modeling of the later tomographic inversion. The processing results of model and filed data show that the initial modeling method of TTI anisotropy based on local tomography is effective and practical.     

西南煤系地层山区采动型崩滑灾害研究关键问题

文章在分析采矿型崩滑灾害发育特征的基础上,得出西南煤系地层山区地下采动型崩滑灾害常发生在层状碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩地层组成的褶皱翼部和核部的陡崖带上,与地形地貌、地层结构与地下采矿工程活动等因素关系密切,并指出薄矿层开采诱发大型山体崩滑灾害的具体过程：①采空后覆岩顶板塌落—覆岩顶板离层,采空区上覆岩层内部及层间自下而上应力传递;②地下水运移通道形成,并加快更大范围岩体结构破坏及扩展,加速了岩体结构面的松动与破坏;③上覆岩层不均匀沉降导致坡脚压裂,山体大型岩体结构面逐渐拉剪或压剪变形扩展,最终山体发生累积损伤与大规模崩滑灾害。此外,传统经验公式的计算方法对此类采矿型崩滑灾害已不适用,建议开展西南煤系地层山区地质结构与地下采动诱发崩滑灾害的相互作用关系、薄矿层采空区上部山体累积断裂损伤—岩体松动、裂隙扩展-岩溶管道流、裂隙流变化的链式响应机制、地下采动型崩滑灾害评价方法等关键科学问题的研究,以推动采矿型地质灾害防灾减灾工作的发展。     

中国东北地区的构造格局与演化:从500Ma到180Ma

中国东北变质基底为由含矽线石榴片麻岩、角闪斜长片麻岩、石墨大理岩和各种长英质片麻岩组成的孔兹岩系。采自额尔古纳、兴安、佳木斯和兴凯地块的矽线石榴片麻岩样品的锆石U-Pb测年均指示高级变质发生在500Ma左右。来自松辽地块古生代沉积物碎屑锆石的证据也表明约500Ma构造岩浆事件的存在。跨越整个中国东北不同地块的泛非期高级变质岩形成了超过1 300km北西向展布的晚泛非期"中国东北孔兹岩带",以顺时针p/T轨迹的孔兹岩带与同期岩浆杂岩共同构成了一巨型的约500Ma前后的造山带,笔者这里命名为"中国东北早古生代造山带"。这证明了中国东北各地块在500Ma之前已经拼合,并与西伯利亚克拉通具有构造亲缘性,曾是晚泛非期(500 Ma)西伯利亚南缘Sayang-Baikal造山带的组成部分。450Ma之后,已经拼合的中国东北地块群从西伯利亚裂解,向南朝现今的中国东北漂移;230Ma前后,东北地块群沿索伦—西拉沐伦—长春缝合带与华北板块碰撞;210～180 Ma,由于太平洋板块的俯冲导致佳木斯地块与西部松辽地块最终拼贴,沿佳木斯—兴凯地块西缘和南缘形成一弧形高压带(包括佳木斯—兴凯地块西缘黑龙江蓝片岩带和佳木斯—兴凯地块南缘长春—延吉带),这里简称"吉林—黑龙江高压变质带",之后东北地区进入了环太平洋构造域演化阶段并持续至今。     

拉鸡山裂谷带特征及演化

拉鸡山构造带东西长逾 6 50km ,展布于由元古宇组成的结晶地块内部 ,是一条早古生代火山岩极为发育的构造带。通过作者在拉鸡山多年的野外调查工作和研究 ,认为该地区无论在区域地质学、岩石学、构造变形学还是大地构造演化方面 ,其早古生代构造演化史皆具典型的裂谷带特征。晚古生代以来 ,区内经历了陆内多阶段造山过程。新生代早更新世 ,拉鸡山巨型断裂带发生左旋走滑运动 ,导致断裂带弧形转折部位强烈崛起 ,形成雄伟高山。     

山东招掖金矿带原生金矿化地球化学特征的数学地质研究

本文主要是应用数学地质方法研究山东招掖金矿带原生金矿化地球化学特征,从而确定金矿化的最佳地球化学标志组合,并建立原生金矿化模式及金矿体原生晕的判别模式.     

有毒铜绿微囊藻对鱼和溞的毒性

用有毒铜绿微囊藻细胞及其从毒细胞中提取的毒素喂养和腹腔注射鱼类，结果表明：（1）微囊藻毒素MCYST－LR对所有实验过的鱼有毒害作用（LD_(50)为110－500μg／kg）．注射毒素24h后，鱼肝电镜超微结构观察均表现出肝损伤．（2）在受控条件下，当用有毒铜绿微囊藻作为食物喂养日鲢和罗非鱼时，鱼类能在以毒藻为唯一食物的环境中生活20d以上．白鲢和罗非鱼粪便的毒性比喂食藻类的毒性分别降低约2—4．5倍，其肝的超微结构现察仍有轻度损伤．（3）在培养液中加入15μg／mLMCYST－LR和用实验室纯培养的铜绿微囊藻作为食物培养枝角类时，均可使它们在48h死亡．以无毒微囊藻培养时则生长不良亦不怀卵，表明它不是枝角类合适的食物．