基于GIS的专题地图编制及其应用研究

从专题地图的种类、特点、用途及其发展演变出发,运用专题地图编制、数字制图技术以及GIS的观点与方法,并结合相关应用实例,阐述基于GIS的专题地图编制的有关思路与要求,对实际工作有一定的参考价值.     

世界航天遥感技术现状、发展趋势及油气遥感应用方向

世界航天遥感技术发展迅速,掌握卫星发射技术和具备卫星发射能力的国家越来越多,其中,高分辨率小型商业卫星和雷达卫星已经成为重要的遥感信息源;高光谱分辨率遥感将是现今和下个世纪的发展方向。本文总结了世界航天遥感技术现状,分析了今后的发展趋势,提出了油气遥感应用的研究方向     

缺少控制点的卫星遥感对地目标定位

从单线阵推扫式传感器的成像机理出发,利用6个卫星轨道开普勒参数和3个传感器姿态角建立了推扫式卫星遥感影像坐标与其地面点在地心坐标系下的坐标关系式,即构像方程。按照所建立的构像方程,对某地区一景SPOT-5影像进行对地目标定位,获得了实地上83.392m的平面精度;利用单个地面控制点对卫星轨道开普勒参数和传感器姿态实施调整后,目标定位精度提高到14.217m。试验证实,所建立的构像方程是正确的,在卫星遥感对地目标定位中有较好的应用前景。     

Shadow detection and compensation for color aerial images

A method for shadow detection and compensation for color aerial images is presented. It is considered that the intensity value of each image pixel is the product of illumination function and ground object reflection, and the shadowed regions on the image are mainly caused by the short of illumination, so the information compensation for the shadowed regions should concentrate on the illumination adjustment of concerned area on the basis of the analysis of whole image. The shadow detection and compensation procedure proposed by this paper consists of four steps.     

Point set generalization based on the Kohonen Net

Point set generalization is one of the essential problems in map generalization. On the demands analysis of point set generalization, this paper proposes a method to generalize point sets based on the Kohonen Net model; the standard SOM algorithm has been improved so as to preserve the spatial distribution properties of the original point set. Examples illustrate that this method suits the generalization of point sets.     

规则格网DEM地形综合方法分析

针对当前丰富多样的DEM地形综合模型,分类阐述其综合原理、关键技术及优缺点,以黄土丘陵1：1万DEM为基础,对其地形综合效果进行对比分析。研究结果表明：现有的DEM地形综合模型各有优缺点;不同综合模型综合后的地形,高程数值随着综合尺度的增加,存在显著差异,而且不同综合模型对流域边界的综合处理也存在显著差异,没有形成客观有效的流域边界描述;当前困扰DEM地形综合的关键问题,是缺乏不同尺度下地形综合质量的客观评价标准,致使现有综合模型地形综合结果和DEM格网分辨率之间没有建立本应存在的内在联系,有待进一步深入研究。     

DSM生产与应用概述

摘要：数字表面模型（DSM）相对于DEM可以更直观、更准确地表达地球表面及其之上物体表面（如树冠、屋顶）的高程信息,以此生成的TDOM建立了完全垂直视角的地表景观。阐述DSM的研究现状,探讨DSM的获取与生产方法及其应用。     

Measurement of similarity for spatial directions between areal objects

Similarity for spatial directions plays an important role in GIS. In this paper, the conventional approaches are analyzed. Based on raster data areal objects, the authors propose two new methods for measuring similarity among spatial directions. One is to measure the similarity among spatial directions based on the features of raster data and the changes of distances between spatial objects, the other is to measure the similarity among spatial directions according to the variation of each raster cell centroid angle. The two methods overcome the complexity of measuring similarity among spatial directions with direction matrix model and solve the limitation of small changes in direction. The two methods are simple and have broader applicability.     

Integrated data processing method for GPS and INS field test over Rocky Mountain

The method of integrated data processing for GPS and INS(inertial navigation system) field test over the Rocky Mountains using the adaptive Kalman filtering technique is presented. On the basis of the known GPS outputs and the offset of GPS and INS, state equations and observations are designed to perform the calculation and improve the navigation accuracy. An example shows that with the method the reliable navigation parameters have been obtained.     

基于遥感影像的土地动态变化监测

土地利用/覆盖变化是目前研究全球及区域环境的一个重要领域,在城镇化加速的今天,城镇的土地利用格局也发生了飞速的变化。本文通过其一研究区内的Landsat TM遥感影像进行处理,获取了2007~2016年10个时相土地利用/覆盖信息,通过不同的预测模型对监测到的数据进行处理及比较,根据相应的最优预测方法预测了2017~2019年南昌市各土地类型的数据,由此研究并探讨了南昌市土地利用/覆盖的时空格局变化。