郑州市冬季采暖期气候变化特征及节能潜力分析

利用郑州市1951—2007年日平均气温资料,按照国家采暖规范从气候角度上确定了符合郑州特点的采暖初终日,较规定的初、终日（11月15日至次年3月15日）有明显推迟和提前的趋势,并分析了采暖期长度及采暖期的气候变化特征,结果表明：进7．90年代特别是21世纪初采暖期明显缩短,平均较80年代缩短了14d左右。在此基础上研究了近57a来采暖期气候条件的变化,并通过构建采暖强度、采暖指数指标,讨论这种变化对能源消耗和环境保护的影响,从科学角度提出节能的可能性。     

草原蝗虫的气象遥感监测预测服务系统

国家科技部公益研究专项“草原蝗虫的气象遥感监测预测服务系统”项目经过2年多的科学研究，建立了草原蝗虫大爆发与大尺度气候因子的相关关系，揭示了草原蝗虫大爆发的气候背景；研究了草原主要蝗虫发生、发育、世代与气象生态条件的关系；利用主要气象灾害（高温、干旱、洪涝等）的历史序列资料，结合草原蝗虫爆发的统计资料，建立气象灾害与蝗虫大发生的相关模型；建立了遥感数据反演的草原蝗虫发生期地面温度、     

河南省近年来遥感监测的森林火灾时空分布规律分析

森林火灾作为一种自然灾害,其发生原因不仅来自于自然因素,从众多的火灾调查中发现,更多地来自于人类活动因素,其发生的时空分布特点和规律,受自然和人类活动共同影响.对2003-2008年春、冬季(11月-次年4月)河南省森林防火期内遥感监测并已查明的森林火灾进行统计分析,结果发现:河南省森林火灾近年来有逐年增多的趋势;冬、春之交的3月为森林火灾的高发月份;从火灾的日变化规律来看,12-15时为一天中森林火灾的高发时段;从火灾发生的空间分布来看,伏牛山南麓发生森林火灾的频率较高.     

Spring Arctic Oscillation-East Asian summer monsoon connection through circulation changes over the western North Pacific

In the present study the links between spring Arctic Oscillation (AO) and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) was investigated with focus on the importance of the North Pacific atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature (SST). To reduce the statistical uncertainty, we analyzed high-pass filtered data with the inter-annual time scales, and excluded the El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation signals in the climate fields using a linear fitting method. The significant relationship between spring AO and EASM are supported by the changes of multi-monsoon components, including monsoon indices, precipitation, and three-dimensional atmospheric circulations. Following a stronger positive spring AO, an anomalous cyclonic circulation at 850?hPa appears in southeastern Asia and the western North Pacific in summer, with the easterly anomalies spanning from the Pacific to Asian continent along 25°N?C30°N and the westerly anomalies south of 15°N. At the same time, the summer western North Pacific subtropical high becomes weaker. Consistently, the positive precipitation anomalies are developed over a broad region south of 30°N stretching from southern China to the western Pacific and the negative precipitation anomalies appear in the lower valley of the Yangtze River and southern Japan. The anomalous cyclone in the western North Pacific persisting from spring to summer plays a key role in modulating EASM and monsoon precipitation by a positive air-sea feedback mechanism. During spring the AO-associated atmospheric circulation change produces warmer SSTs between 150°E?C180° near the equator. The anomalous sensible and latent heating, in turn, intensifies the cyclone through a Gill-type response of the atmosphere. Through this positive feedback, the tropical atmosphere and SST patterns sustain their strength from spring to summer, that consequently modifies the monsoon trough and the western North Pacific subtropical high and eventually the EASM precipitation. Moreover, the SST response to AO-circulation is supported by the numerical simulations of an ocean model, and the anomalous atmospheric circulation over the western North Pacific is also reproduced by the dedicated numerical simulations using the coupled atmosphere?Cocean model. The observation evidence and numerical simulations suggest the spring AO can impact the EASM via triggering tropical air-sea feedback over the western North Pacific.     

太原市一次空气重污染过程的成因分析

本文利用常规地面观测资料、探空资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2007年1月1日。4日发生在太原市的一次空气重污染过程,从大气层结、天气形势、气象要素以及物理量场等方面进行了分析。发现：此次重污染过程发生在高空平直西风稳定的环流背景下,大气层结主要特征表现为连续数天的近地层逆温,逆温层厚度平均为349m,逆温强度平均为1．03℃／100m,重污染日的形成是在稳定的大气环流背景下,逐日污染累积形成的。     

尧都区雾害的分析

尧都区工业、交通业的快速发展和对空气污染治理的滞后，是当地雾El随年增多的主要原因。浓雾遮光挡阳有碍交通运输，有碍大棚农业生产，有碍幼儿正常发育；雾中含有亚硫酸等有毒物质，有害人们身体健康，有害室外农业和有损外露金属材料，属气象灾害。     

丽江高美古台址和2m级望远镜项目(英文)

自 1992年起云南天文台开始了在云南省西北部的天文选址。丽江高美古最终被选择作为未来中国地基天文光学观测的新址点。并且 ,在国家科技部 ,云南省政府 ,以及中科院的支持下 ,2m级天文望远镜项目在 2 0 0 0年 12月获得立项。在文中 ,我们简要的介绍了高美古台址的情况 ,并给出了 2 .4m望远镜的详细情况 ,以及其他相关情况。     

辽宁地区不同降水云系雨滴谱参数及其特征量研究

利用位于辽宁省沈阳市和辽阳市的Parsivel（Particle Size and Velocity）激光雨滴谱仪观测到的雨滴谱资料按照积雨云降水系统、积层混合云降水系统和层状云降水系统分析雨滴谱特征量和谱参数的平均特征及随时间的演变特征。结果表明:Gamma分布拟合谱参数N₀和λ按照层状云、积层混合云和积雨云的顺序减小,谱参数μ按照层状云、积层混合云和积雨云的顺序增大;直径小于1 mm的降水粒子对数浓度的贡献最大,直径大于1 mm的降水粒子对雷达反射率的贡献最大;M-P分布的谱参数N₀与雨强I具有幂函数关系,并且随着雨强I的增大而增大,谱参数λ与雨强I具有指数函数关系,随着雨强I的增大而减小。     

Weak GPS signal tracking using FFT discriminator in open loop receiver

An open loop tracking architecture, which tracks GPS signals under weak and challenging conditions, is analyzed. The in-phase and quadrature-phase integration pair is regarded as a single tone complex signal. An FFT-based method is used as a frequency discriminator to estimate the Doppler frequency residual of the single tone signal. Another FFT-based method applies complex squaring to eliminate the effect of the navigation data bits polarities. The performance of the FFT-based discriminators is assessed in three criteria. Those criteria are the signal strength and dynamic range that can be tracked and the accuracy of the estimated Doppler frequency. In addition, the performance of the discriminators is analyzed to provide the theoretical and simulated peak detection probability. The results indicate that the FFT discriminator can track signals about 5 dB weaker than the signals that can be tracked by the complex squared FFT discriminator. In a quasi-static environment, the Doppler frequency residual can be assumed to be around zero, which can enable the FFT-based discriminators to track signals with approximately 2 dB less power. Moreover, the performance of the FFT-based discriminators is compared with the performance of two other frequency discriminators, namely the fast–slow and power-based. The comparison results indicate that these two frequency discriminators give higher frequency estimation accuracy, but they have a narrower dynamic range.