川南沐川地区宣威组底部铌-稀土多金属富集层富集规律、沉积环境与成矿模式

云南、贵州地区对晚二叠世宣威组底部Nb-REE多金属富集层的研究取得了重要进展,但其成因还有较大争议.为厘清沐川地区宣威组底部Nb-REE多金属富集层成因机制及富集规律,本研究开展了野外实地调查、矿物学、岩相古地理与岩石地球化学等系统性研究,探讨其物源、富集规律,建立了成矿模式.结果 表明,川南沐川地区宣威组底部Nb-...     

Tidal effects on estuarine circulation and outflow plume in the Chesapeake Bay

The response of the Chesapeake Bay to river discharge under the influence and absence of tide is simulated with a numerical model. Four numerical experiments are examined: (1) response to river discharge only; (2) response to river discharge plus an ambient coastal current along the shelf outside the bay; (3) response to river discharge and tidal forcing; and (4) response to river discharge, tidal forcing, and ambient coastal current. The general salinity distribution in the four cases is similar to observations inside the bay. Observed features, such as low salinity in the western side of the bay, are consistent in model results. Also, a typical estuarine circulation with seaward current in the upper layer and landward current in the lower layer is obtained in the four cases. The two cases without tide produce stronger subtidal currents than the cases with tide owing to greater frictional effects in the cases with tide. Differences in salinity distributions among the four cases appear mostly outside the bay in terms of the outflow plume structure. The two cases without tide produce an upstream (as in a Kelvin wave sense) or northward branch of the outflow plume, while the cases with tide produce an expected downstream or southward plume. Increased friction in the cases with tide changes the vertical structure of outflow at the entrance to the bay and induces large horizontal variations in the exchange flow. Consequently, the outflow from the bay is more influenced by the bottom than in the cases without tide. Therefore, a tendency for a bottom-advected plume appears in the cases with tide, rather than a surface-advected plume, which develops in the cases without tide. Further analysis shows that the tidal current favors a salt balance between the horizontal and vertical advection of salinity around the plume and hinders the upstream expansion of the plume outside the bay.     

哈萨克斯坦地震地下流体监测、预测的现状及其震兆异常特征的分析

40多年来,哈萨克斯坦地震地下流体观测台网历经初期建网、系统清理、政策调整和优化提高4个阶段,目前已形成与中国北京地区流体监测网相当的规模。分析了哈萨克斯坦流体监测台网的地位、台站分布、观测项目、仪器配置及地震分析预测情况。最后,分析了哈萨克斯坦地震地下流体观测资料的特点,并就哈萨克斯坦流体交换资料的震兆异常特征进行了初步总结。     

Variability in the vertical hyporheic water exchange affected by hydraulic conductivity and river morphology at a natural confluent meander bend

River confluences and their associated tributaries are key morphodynamic nodes that play important roles in controlling hydraulic geometry and hyporheic water exchange in fluvial networks. However, the existing knowledge regarding hyporheic water exchange associated with river confluence morphology is relatively scarce. On January 14 and 15, 2016, the general hydraulic and morphological characteristics of the confluent meander bend (CMB) between the Juehe River and the Haohe River in the southern region of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China, were investigated. The patterns and magnitudes of vertical hyporheic water exchange (VHWE) were estimated based on a one‐dimensional heat steady‐state model, whereas the sediment vertical hydraulic conductivity (K_v) was calculated via in situ permeameter tests. The results demonstrated that 6 hydrodynamic zones and their extensions were observed at the CMB during the test period. These zones were likely controlled by the obtuse junction angle and low momentum flux ratio, influencing the sediment grain size distribution of the CMB. The VHWE patterns at the test site during the test period mostly showed upwelling flow dominated by regional groundwater discharging into the river. The occurrence of longitudinal downwelling and upwelling patterns along the meander bend at the CMB was likely subjected to the comprehensive influences of the local sinuosity of the meander bend and regional groundwater discharge and finally formed regional and local flow paths. Additionally, in dominated upwelling areas, the change in VHWE magnitudes was nearly consistent with that in K_v values, and higher values of both variables generally occurred in erosional zones near the thalweg paths of the CMB, which were mostly made up of sand and gravel. This was potentially caused by the erosional and depositional processes subjected to confluence morphology. Furthermore, lower K_v values observed in downwelling areas at the CMB were attributed to sediment clogging caused by local downwelling flow. The confluence morphology and sediment K_v are thus likely the driving factors that cause local variations in the VHWE of fluvial systems.     

太原市温度的时空变化特征

利用太原市1951年-2010年的实测气象资料,采用线性趋势分析、累计距平、Mann—Kendall方法,分析了太原市年均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、02时平均气温、14时平均气温的变化趋势。得出了太原市总体上呈现增暖趋势,从1977年开始出现了显著增温;夜间气温增温幅度高于白天增温幅度,冬季增温幅度高于夏季增温幅度;最低平均气温的增温幅度最大等结论。     

西风槽与副高相互作用的暴雨过程动热力场结构特征分析

利用常规气象观测、自动气象站加密观测、NCEP/NCAR(1°×1°,逐6 h)再分析以及FY 2C卫星云图等资料,分析了2007年8月15—18日发生在山东的一次暴雨过程中,西风槽与副热带高压(以下简称副高)相互作用三个阶段的热力、动力场结构特征。结果表明:整个过程先后经历了副高西进切变线缓慢西移、横槽南压副高减弱和横槽转竖副高南撤三个阶段,三个阶段的共同特征是中低层有切变线和θ_(se)锋区;700 hPa有低空急流;产生暴雨的对流云团具有后向传播特征,生命史中多次发生合并。三个阶段的不同点是:(1)副高西进过程中,锋区随高度向北倾斜,坡度小,切变线和θ_(se)锋区均为后倾,为典型的暖锋降水。暴雨区范围大,强度均匀,位于850 hPaθ_(se)锋区与暖脊的交界处的水汽辐合中心附近。饱和区宽广,伸展高度高。低层气旋性辐合、切变线辐合、锋面抬升是触发暴雨的动力机制,低空急流是暴雨增强机制。(2)副高减弱过程中,干冷空气分别从低层和中层侵入θ_(se)暖脊,θ_(se)锋区随高度先向北后向南,呈交错倾斜现象,坡度大,为典型的强对流降水,上升运动最为激烈。暴雨区范围小,强度大,分布不均,位于θ_(se)暖脊垂直方向轴线附近。饱和区狭窄,伸展高度高。锋面抬升运动是触发对流性强降水的主要动力机制,对流层中层干冷空气入侵是强降水的增强机制。(3)副高南撤过程中,θ_(se)锋区随高度向南倾斜,坡度大,呈前倾特征,为典型的高空槽降水。暴雨区狭长分散,强度弱,位于850 hPa切变线上、θ_(se)暖舌靠近锋区一侧。饱和区狭窄,伸展高度低。低层切变线辐合抬升是触发强降水动力机制,中层干侵入是降水增强机制。     

环渤海地区1961-2007年极端强降水时空变化特征

20世纪90年代以来,环渤海地区降水总量持续偏少,极端强降水和干旱缺水问题十分突出。利用环渤海地区60个台站1961—2007年逐日降水资料,应用百分位方法确定极端强降水阈值,分析了极端强降水量、降水强度和频率的空间分布及时间变化趋势。结果表明:环渤海地区极端降水强度大、频率高的地区与年降水量高值区相一致,说明极端降水量的多少影响年降水量;极端降水日数呈减少趋势,特别是京津冀中部地区减少显著;极端降水多发生在7月中旬到8月中旬,最高频次在7月下旬,近10年极端降水季节分配比较分散,很少出现每候25站次以上的极端强降水;间隔30d以上的极端强降水近年来增加明显。     

��Ͽ����ˮλ��ϫ�����뺬ˮ�������ϵ�о�

???????????????????????????????????????????λ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????￡????λ????仯???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????仯??????????????????????????????????????????й??     

山西2006年雨季天气气候特征分析

2005年6月17～24日,华南地区发生了连续多日的暴雨天气过程,其显著特征是存在着南北两条雨带,北支雨带(福建中北部)由准静止的梅雨锋造成,南支雨带(广东中东部)发生在锋前暖区之中,这种连续多日共存的双雨带现象引起了气象学家的广泛关注.为了探究锋面和锋前暖区暴雨的成因,加深这两类不同性质暴雨的认识,利用NCEP每6 h一次的1°×1°经纬度再分析资料以及华南地区加密观测的逐小时地面降水等资料,以此次连续多日维持的双雨带降水过程为例,详细分析了锋面附近与锋前暖湿区内暴雨系统的主要物理差异.结果发现:梅雨锋暴雨和锋前暖区暴雨不仅在中尺度雨团活动、系统动力结构、大气不稳定机制和大气加热结构等存在明显的差异,而且在水汽输送、中尺度环境以及与暴雨有关的垂直环流之间也存在着不同点,这些差异可能是造成锋前暖区暴雨难以模拟和预报的主要原因.     

"九五"数字化地震前兆台站整体接入因特网的研究

介绍了如何将"九五"数字化前兆台站设备整体接人因特网,提供了一种非常简便、实用的整体接人方案.台站原来的构成模式没有改变,台网中心和台站熟悉的原工作方式得到了保留,实现了台站网络化的目标,使现有台网在因特网环境下能够正常运行.它能够与"十五"新建的前兆台网进行集成,便于整个台网的统一管理.