M_DCB: Matlab code for estimating GNSS satellite and receiver differential code biases

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have been widely used to monitor variations in the earth’s ionosphere by estimating total electron content (TEC) using dual-frequency observations. Differential code biases (DCBs) are one of the important error sources in estimating precise TEC from GNSS data. The International GNSS Service (IGS) Analysis Centers have routinely provided DCB estimates for GNSS satellites and IGS ground receivers, but the DCBs for regional and local network receivers are not provided. Furthermore, the DCB values of GNSS satellites or receivers are assumed to be constant over 1?day or 1?month, which is not always the case. We describe Matlab code to estimate GNSS satellite and receiver DCBs for time intervals from hours to days; the software is called M_DCB. The DCBs of GNSS satellites and ground receivers are tested and evaluated using data from the IGS GNSS network. The estimates from M_DCB show good agreement with the IGS Analysis Centers with a mean difference of less than 0.7?ns and an RMS of less than 0.4?ns, even for a single station DCB estimate.     

济南市气象信息共享平台设计

济南市气象局、济南市水利局和济南市公用事业局开展信息共享,详细介绍了气象信息共享平台的建设。通过2MSDH电路进行连接,原始数据的处理、整合采用VB＋SQLSERVER技术实现,各类共享信息的调阅、检索采用SQL结构化数据查询语言,建立了基于WEB技术的跨部门气象信息共享平台。     

Compositional Distribution and Growth Mode of Garnet Porphyroblasts during Deformation and Metamorphism

Although porphyroblast microstructures play an important role in structural and metamorphic studies, there are still controversies in the interpretation. The focus is how porphyroblasts grow during deformation and metamorphism. In this paper, we introduce a new approach, the Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence, to a hemi-quantitative interpretation of the growth mode of porphyroblasts. The analysis was done at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The specimens were sampled from metapelite of the Baoyintu Group, northern Urad Middle Banner, Inner Mongolia. The new method is successful for determining the microscopic distribution of trace elements in porphybroblasts. The results support the theory of deformation partition, which has been brought forth by Bell and his colleagues, and demonstrate the existence of porphyroblast growth phases and the growth mode of porphyroblasts by hemi-quantitative mineral chemical analysis. The porphyroblast grows stage by stage in the manner of the distribution     

气象信息价值实现的若干问题——关于四川省彭州市专业气象有偿服务的考察

气象信息价值的实现是气象服务存在与发展中带根本性的问题。从当前国内外气象服务发展的现状出发,以四川省彭州市的气象服务为依据,分别对专业气象有偿服务的内容、基本状况、实现气象信息价值的特点及实现气象信息价值的若干对策进行了全面探讨。     

日本1995年1月17日兵库县南部7.2级地震触发的区域地震活动

研究了日本1995年1月17日兵库县南部7.2级大地震触发的区域地震活动时空特征．研究区是主震周围几百公里的区域(33～37N, 133～138E)．研究区被划分为16个子研究区．对16个子研究区自1976年1月～1996年6月地震活动的研究结果表明:① 1995年1月17日兵库县南部7.2级主震触发了10个子区显著的地震变化,速率变化通过置信水平大于0.95的Z-统计检验,这些子区中最远的距主震震中约280 km;② 近震源区子区中的3个,地震活动在主震发生后1～5天内被触发,其它远离震源区的在几十天之后被触发;③ 被触发的区域地震活动最大震级为5.4,与主震诱发的最大余震震级相当;④ 区域地震活动触发的可能机制是主震引起的区域应力变化．      

太行山南端野皂荚群落物种多样性

采用双向指示种分析法,将太行山南端野皂荚群落分为9个群丛.用丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数对野皂荚群落的物种多样性进行了研究,并用方差分析研究了各群落之间多样性指数的差异程度.结果表明:(1)组成野皂荚群落的维管植物有58种,隶属于23科50属.(2)在立地平缓、土层较厚的生境中,野皂荚群落具有较高的多样性指数;在干扰强烈的生境中,野皂荚群落的多样性指数偏低.(3)野皂荚群落的物种丰富度主要受草本层的影响,但不同层次的物种对群落物种多样性的贡献是不等价的.(4)由于野皂荚群落在太行山南端分布范嗣的局限性、生境的同质性和群落的相对稳定性,9个群丛各多样性指数间方差分析结果差异皆不显著.     

张北6.2级地震近震区前兆异常特征及时空演化研究

１９９８年１月１０日发生在张北的６．２级强震,是华北地区自１９８９年大同６．１级震群后的又一次较为显地震。在汇总首都圈及其周围地区各种前兆异常的基础上,研究了近震区（２００ｋｍ范围内）前兆异常的空间、时间演化特征。结果表明,前兆异常的发展过程存在较明显的阶段性和成组性,反映了震前区域应力场的增加过程。还对这些肖兆异常的机制进行了探讨 。     

暗条上升运动与电场直接加速

位于活动区磁中性线上方的暗条,随着活动区光球物质运动和磁结构演化,其上升运动规律呈多样性。根据暗条上升运动的特征,一般将其分为两类：第一类为缓慢上升（速度为Ｋｍ．ｓ＾－１量级）,在暗条上升过程中,亚电场中速是子能量为几十～１００ＬｅＶ量级（Ｅ〈ＥＤ,Ｅ为暗条表面电场强度,ＥＤ为经典Ｄｕｅｃｉｅｒ场）;第二类为快速上升（速度为几十～几百Ｋｍ．ｓ＾－１量级）因暗条快速上升在其下方形成Ｘ型中性点,暗条加     

Surface ozone in Jiuzhaigou National Park, eastern rim of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Located in southwestern China, Jiuzhaigou National Park is one of the most popular tourism destinations in China, famous for its unique aquatic ecosystems and beautiful forests. However, plants in the park may be at high ozone risk as a result of the intensive use of diesel tour buses in the park. In addition, Jiuzhaigou is close to a region with relatively high regional anthropogenic NO x emissions. During the growing season, also the peak season of tourism, we measured ozone concentration at two sites within the Park and these were: Jiuzhaigou Bureau (JB) and Long Lake (LL). The results indicate that ozone concentrations were not high enough to cause foliar injury during the monitoring period, although the risk of ozone to plants was higher in spring than in summer and autumn. Diurnal ozone cycles at JB and LL displayed significantly higher ozone concentrations in the daytime than in the nighttime, suggesting photochemical production of ozone during the day and ozone deposition during the night as a result of the nocturnal boundary layer. In parallel with the seasonal change of background surface ozone in the Northern Hemisphere, maximum daily 8-h average ozone concentration (MDA8) and daily ozone concentration decreased from spring to autumn at the two sites. This temporal variation in Jiuzhaigou was most likely associated with the downward mixing of ozone-rich air from the free troposphere, because all the high-ozone events (MDA8 > 70.0 ppb) were observed in spring and ozone-rich air from the free troposphere was the dominant cause. In summary, our data suggest that ozone concentrations in Jiuzhaigou were more affected by the regional-scale of background pattern in air quality and meteorological conditions than by local tourist activities.     

基于MOD16产品的鄱阳湖流域地表蒸散量时空分布特征

基于MOD16遥感数据集,统计分析了鄱阳湖流域2000-2010年地表蒸散量的年际和年内时空变化状况,探讨了不同地表类型下蒸散量的差异性变化特征。研究表明:①MOD16产品的精度能够满足鄱阳湖流域地表蒸散量时空变化分析的要求;②流域内平均蒸散量的年际波动较大,以2003年、2007年尤为突出,分别超出多年平均值49.28 mm和46.71 mm。ET空间格局呈现四周高、中间低的分布规律,尤其在高植被覆盖区蒸散量较大;③年内蒸散量呈单峰型分布,季节性变化特征明显,地表蒸散主要集中在5-9月份,最高值出现在7月;④土地利用特点基本影响着流域蒸散量的分布状况。蒸散强度大小按地表类型排序依次为林地>草地>农田>裸地>城镇。研究结果对鄱阳湖流域旱涝灾害成因分析、生态需水量研究等均具有一定的理论和实践参考意义。