鲁西南霾天气个例分析

2007年6月11～13日鲁西南连续3天出现罕见的霾天气过程,为了弄清楚这次霾天气过程形成的天气学原因.利用常规气象资料、探空站资料及自动气象站资料和空气污染资料对这次过程进行综合分析.结果表明,霾的形成是多种气象因素共同作用的结果,大陆暖高压东移人海,其底部的偏东气流将海上的低温高湿空气向鲁西南输送,是霾形成的有利环流条件;中低层风速较小,且风向随高度逆转,是霾形成的有利风场;大气层结稳定,且低层存在逆温层是霾形成的重要条件;高污染浓度是形成霾的物质基础.     

免共振沉桩过程对地表振动影响的FLAC3D数值模拟

为研究免共振沉桩过程对地表振动影响,采用密度放大法以消除模型桩弹性模量过大对计算效率的影响,在有限差分软件FLAC^3D中建立了相应的连续振动沉桩模型,并和文献中的现场测试结果进行了比较,分析了激振力幅值和振动频率这两个施工参数对地表振动响应的影响。结果表明：密度放大法可有效提高数值模拟的计算效率,模拟沉桩7.0倍桩径（4.9 m）所需计算时间约为12.0 h,数值结果较好地模拟了现场测试中免共振沉桩的地表振动影响;激振力幅值和振动频率均主要对近场（水平距离为5.0倍桩径范围内）的地表振动有明显影响;临界沉桩深度与地表振动影响峰值相对应,该深度随水平距离先增大后趋于稳定;激振力幅值对临界沉桩深度的改变不明显,振动频率对远场临界沉桩深度则有较明显影响。     

福建龙岩地区土壤有机碳储量特征及其影响因素

基于福建龙岩地区多目标区域地球化学调查所获得大量高精度和高密度有机碳数据,通过单位土壤碳储量计算方法,分别采用母质类型、地貌类型、生态系统、土地利用类型及土壤类型5种方式,按照0~1.4m,0~1.0m和0~0.2m等3种不同深度来初步探讨福建龙岩地区土壤有机碳储量特征及其影响因素。结果表明,不同类型土壤区的有机碳储量分布存在不均匀性,平均碳密度均存在较大差异,这可能不仅与成土母质、土壤理化性状(如土壤结构、质地、化学成分、土温等)、系统差异(如历史演变、稳定性等)等内在因素有关,还有可能与气候环境条件、海拔高度、水土流失程度、土壤微生物活动强度、植被状况(如植被类型、植被发育等)以及人类活动影响等外在因素有关。得出福建龙岩地区不同深度的有机碳储量: 0~0.2m为89254953.05t, 0~1.0m为283746254.26t和 0~1.4m为347294329.32t; 不同深度的平均碳密度: 0~0.2m为3980.33 t/km 2, 0~1.0m为12653.69 t/km 2和0~1.4m为15487.62 t/km 2,高于全国典型地区平均水平,显示出福建龙岩地区具较高的碳储量、较强的碳储能力和良好的碳富集环境。     

浅谈长庆油田裸眼井测井仪器遇卡及处理方法

本文对长庆油田测井仪器遇卡的种类、遇卡的具体原因、预防遇卡事故的措施、解卡的处理方法及解卡的理论分析等方面进行了阐述,主要目的是提高测井效率,降低安全风险,确保裸眼井筒作业优质高效.     

新疆二红洼镁铁—超镁铁岩体橄榄石成因及其对硫化物熔离的指示

二红洼岩体位于新疆东天山黄山镁铁—超镁铁岩带的西段,地表由南、北两个小岩体组成,北岩体出露面积约1.42km2,呈北东—南西向展布;南岩体在呈椭圆形,出露面积约为6.25km2。岩体可分为两个侵入期次:第一侵入期次岩性为(含长)二辉橄榄岩和橄榄辉长岩,第二侵入期次岩性为辉长苏长岩和淡色辉长岩,辉长苏长岩侵入于第一期次形成的含长二辉橄榄岩和橄榄辉长岩中。岩体橄榄石Fo值在80.9~89.7之间,为贵橄榄石;Ni含量变化范围较大,主要集中在102.19×10-6~4319.66×10-6之间。岩体母岩浆MgO含量为10.3%,FeO含量为10.8%;回归计算结果显示二红洼岩体的原始岩浆中MgO含量为15.73%,FeO含量为10.71%。在橄榄石的结晶过程中母岩浆达到硫饱和,并发生有硫化物的熔离作用;橄榄石与硫化物的晶出质量比(橄榄石:硫化物)为50~100∶1。通过岩石学、矿物学特征以及模拟计算结果表明,二红洼岩体具有形成铜镍矿床的基本条件,但是岩体在深部岩浆房已经达到硫饱和并发生了硫化物的熔离作用,导致母岩浆中亏损Ni、Cu等成矿元素,未能形成工业矿体;在以后找矿勘探中,需要寻找早期硫化物熔离所形成的那部分硫化物熔体,并进一步寻找成矿富集的有利地段。     

层状侵入体韵律层理形成过程的定量模拟——以四川攀枝花层状岩体为例

层状侵入体的韵律层理是一种特殊的岩石构造,长期以来其成因倍受关注,成因假说很多。本文在综合这些观点关于岩浆物理,化学性质的研究,尤其是在岩浆房地对流特征研究成果的基础上,提出了新的成因解释,认为固化带前锋处矿物的结晶,熔浆组分的扩散及固化带前锋本身的推进等３个因素的相互耦合是形成韵律层理的主要机制,这个过程是发生在一定过冷却条件下的,在这种定性认识基础上,笔者提出了旨在对韵律层理形成过程进行模拟计     

Cracking mechanisms during galena mineralization in a sandstone-hosted lead–zinc ore deposit: case study of the Jinding giant sulfide deposit, Yunnan, SW China

There are two types of lead–zinc ore bodies, i.e., sandstone-hosted ores (SHO) and limestone-hosted ores (LHO), in the Jinding giant sulfide deposit, Yunnan, SW China. Structural analysis suggests that thrust faults and dome structures are the major structural elements controlling lead–zinc mineralization. The two types of ore bodies are preserved in two thrust sheets in a three-layered structural profile in the framework of the Jinding dome structure. The SHO forms the cap of the dome and LHO bodies are concentrated beneath the SHO cap in the central part of the dome. Quartz, feldspar and calcite, and sphalerite, pyrite, and galena are the dominant mineral components in the sandstone-hosted lead–zinc ores. Quartz and feldspar occur as detrital clasts and are cemented by diagenetic calcite and epigenetic sulfides. The sulfide paragenetic sequence during SHO mineralization is from early pyrite to galena and late sphalerite. Galena occurs mostly in two types of cracks, i.e., crescent-style grain boundary cracks along quartz–pyrite, or rarely along pyrite–pyrite boundaries, and intragranular radial cracks in early pyrite grains surrounding quartz clasts. The radial cracks are more or less perpendicular to the quartz–pyrite grain boundaries and do not show any overall (whole rock) orientation pattern. Their distribution, morphological characteristics, and geometrical relationships with quartz and pyrite grains suggest the predominant role of grain-scale cracking. Thermal expansion cracking is one of the most important mechanisms for the generation of open spaces during galena mineralization. Cracking due to heating or cooling by infiltrating fluids resulted from upwelling fluid phases through fluid passes connecting the SHO and LHO bodies, provided significant spaces for crystallization of galena. The differences in coefficients of thermal expansion between pyrite and quartz led to a difference in volume changes between quartz grains and pyrite grains surrounding them and contributed to cracking of the pyrite grains when temperature changed. Combined thermal expansion and elastic mismatch due to heating and subsequent cooling resulted in the radial and crescent cracking in the pyrite grains and along the quartz–pyrite grain boundaries.     

非线性Hoek-Brown强度折减技术

为精确执行非线性Hoek-Brown(HB)强度折减,首先在p-q空间分析了HB曲线任意点切线与Mohr-Coulomb(MC)准则的对应关系,推求了HB屈服函数材料折减系数和强度折减系数的关系,提出了潜入强度折减系数的HB弹塑性分析模型,介绍了在Flac3D平台上二次开发实现非线性HB强度折减的基本思路。对一边坡算例用本文方法和简化Bishop法进行了对比分析,计算结果表明,潜入强度折减系数的HB弹塑性模型计算获得的边坡潜在滑动面形态、位置和相应的安全系数,与简化Bishop法计算结果很接近。     

对铁路客运专线穿越采空区场地的稳定性检算分析

就主采空区地表塌陷对铁路客运专线的危害性按照《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程》及相关规范技术要求,对线路与主采空区之间的安全距离进行了量化评价,之后就小窑采空区场地对高等级铁路稳定性运用浅埋采空平衡拱的理论量化评价。以上两种量化评价的结果是可以保障线路与主采空区之间的安全距离,该小窑采空区顶板不受力,顶板地基稳定性差,最后文中对场地地基稳定性差的线路基础提出处理措施与建议。     

Hydraulic redistribution in the Inner Mongolia Huangfuchuan basins under different climate scenarios

This paper describes the scaling up to a day scale of the Ryel hour scale model incorporating the process of hydraulic redistribution (HR). The Ryel model was applied to the Inner Mongolia Huangfuchuan basins to analyze transpiration, evaporation and stomatal conductance of Artemisia tridentate, and to indicate the added value of the feedback by comparing simulations with and without incorporating HR. Five climate scenarios were designed based on 40-y continuous climate data from the study area and the response of HR to the different climate scenarios was modeled. Under 1991 climate conditions, cumulative transpiration and evaporation with HR during the growing season were 161.7 mm and 206.14 mm, respectively, compared with transpiration of 140.7 mm and evaporation of 174.2 mm without HR. Under the five different climate change scenarios, HR influenced evaporation more than transpiration. The effect of HR on transpiration, evaporation and stomatal conductance was very different among the scenarios. Inclusion of HR gave rise to the largest increase in transpiration and evaporation under the T2P0 scenario and the smallest under the T2P2 scenario, but transpiration and evaporation decreased under the T0P-2 scenario. Stomatal conductance significantly increased with the inclusion of HR. The model used in this study has potential benefits for incorporating HR into soil processes, such as water movement and mass transfer.