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411.
412.
The effect of pre-storm subsurface thermal structure on the intensity of hurricane Katrina (2005) is examined using a regional coupled model. The Estimating Circulation and Climate of Ocean (ECCO) ocean state estimate is used to initialize the ocean component of the coupled model, and the source of deficiencies in the simulation of Katrina intensity is investigated in relation to the initial depth of 26 °C isotherm (D26). The model underestimates the intensity of Katrina partly due to shallow D26 in ECCO. Sensitivity tests with various ECCO initial fields indicate that the correct relationship between intensity and D26 cannot be derived because D26 variability is underestimated in ECCO. A series of idealized experiments is carried out by modifying initial ECCO D26 to match the observed range. A more reasonable relationship between Katrina’s intensity and pre-storm D26 emerges: the intensity is much more sensitive to D26 than to sea surface temperature (SST). Ocean mixed layer process plays a critical role in modulating inner-core SSTs when D26 is deep, reducing mixed layer cooling and lowering the center pressure of the Katrina. Our result lends strong support to the notion that accurate initialization of pre-storm subsurface thermal structure in prediction models is critical for a skillful forecast of intensity of Katrina and likely other intense storms. 相似文献
413.
Bingliang Zhuang Qian Liu Tijian Wang Changqin Yin Shu Li Min Xie Fei Jiang Huiting Mao 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,114(3-4):651-672
A Regional Climate Chemistry Modeling System that employed empirical parameterizations of aerosol-cloud microphysics was applied to investigate the spatial distribution, radiative forcing (RF), and climate effects of black carbon (BC) over China. Results showed high levels of BC in Southwest, Central, and East China, with maximum surface concentrations, column burden, and optical depth (AOD) up to 14 μg?m?3, 8 mg?m?2, and 0.11, respectively. Black carbon was found to result in a positive RF at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) due to its direct effect while a negative RF due to its indirect effect. The regional-averaged direct and indirect RF of BC in China was about +0.81 and ?0.95 W?m?2, respectively, leading to a net RF of ?0.15 W?m?2 at the TOA. The BC indirect RF was larger than its direct RF in South China. Due to BC absorption of solar radiation, cloudiness was decreased by 1.33 %, further resulting in an increase of solar radiation and subsequently a surface warming over most parts of China, which was opposite to BC’s indirect effect. Further, the net effect of BC might cause a decrease of precipitation of ?7.39 % over China. Investigations also suggested large uncertainties and non-linearity in BC’s indirect effect on regional climate. Results suggested that: (a) changes in cloud cover might be more affected by BC’s direct effect, while changes in surface air temperature and precipitation might be influenced by BC’s indirect effect; and (b) BC second indirect effect might have more influence on cloud cover and water content compared to first indirect effect. This study highlighted a substantial role of BC on regional climate changes. 相似文献
414.
Zhifu Xie 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2014,118(1):89-97
In this paper we give a short analytical proof of the inequalities proved by Albouy–Moeckel through computer algebra, in the cases $n=5$ and $n=6$ . These inequalities guarantee that, in the $n$ -body problem, the family of mass vectors making a given collinear configuration a central configuration is 2-dimensional. The induction techniques here may be used to prove the inequalities for general $n$ with more subtle estimation but currently the inequalities still remains unproved for $n\ge 7$ . 相似文献
415.
Xiande Xie Ming Chen Shuangmeng Zhai Fuya Wang 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2014,49(12):2290-2304
An assemblage with FeNi metal, troilite, Fe‐Mn‐Na phosphate, and Al‐free chromite was identified in the metal‐troilite eutectic nodules in the shock‐produced chondritic melt of the Yanzhuang H6 meteorite. Electron microprobe and Raman spectroscopic analyses show that a few phosphate globules have the composition of Na‐bearing graftonite (Fe,Mn,Na)3(PO4)2, whereas most others correspond to Mn‐bearing galileiite Na(Fe,Mn)4(PO4)3 and a possible new phosphate phase of Na2(Fe,Mn)17(PO4)12 composition. The Yanzhuang meteorite was shocked to a peak pressure of 50 GPa and a peak temperature of approximately 2000 °C. All minerals were melted after pressure release to form a chondritic melt due to very high postshock heat that brought the chondrite material above its liquidus. The volatile elements P and Na released from whitlockite and plagioclase along with elements Cr and Mn released from chromite are concentrated into the shock‐produced Fe‐Ni‐S‐O melt at high temperatures. During cooling, microcrystalline olivine and pyroxene first crystallized from the chondritic melt, metal‐troilite eutectic intergrowths, and silicate melt glass finally solidified at about 950–1000 °C. On the other hand, P, Mn, and Na in the Fe‐Ni‐S‐O melt combined with Fe and crystallized as Fe‐Mn‐Na phosphates within troilite, while Cr combined with Fe and crystallized as Al‐free chromite also within troilite. 相似文献
416.
西天山海西中期花岗岩的地质特征及其构造环境 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海西中期花岗岩是西天山加里东褶皱带内规模最大的一次岩浆活动。本文从岩石学、矿物学、岩石化学和地球化学等方面对该期花岗岩的成因类型、岩浆起源和形成的构造环境进行了探讨,认为海西中期花岗岩以I型为主,S型次之,在空间上成对分布,花岗岩浆起源于地壳;海西中期花岗岩形成于活动大陆边缘岛孤环境. 相似文献
417.
研究了杨桃果片在不同护色液中、不同护色条件下的护色效果 ,及其在不同保脆保形液中的保脆保形效果。结果表明 ,1.7mol LNaCl水溶液腌制、护色 ,0 .0 90mol LCaCl2 + 0 .34mol LNaCl水溶液保脆保形效果较好。 相似文献
418.
Integrated Indicators-based Gradation of Cultivated Land Quality in Mountainous Region of Southwestern China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SHAO Jing'an WEI Chaofu XIE Deti ZHOU Yan 《山地科学学报》2006,3(3):259-270
1 Introduction The gradation of cultivated land is to assess the suitability of cultivated land for agricultural production in terms of natural and economic prop-erties of land (Feng et al. 2004). It can be used to evaluate sustainability of land use and … 相似文献
419.
大气对地球自转参数(ERP)的高频激发 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文采用1983—1992年期间由空间大地测量技术观测和归算的地球自转参数(ERP)序列,以及由全球气象资料归算的大气角动量(AAM)序列,分析和研究了大气对地球自转参数的日长变化(LOD)和极移(x和y)在一个月时间尺度以内的高频激发作用,得到的主要结果如下:1大气对LOD分量高频潮汐的估计值存在着影响,但是,潮汐形变参数k/c随时间和频率的变化却是受非大气因素的扰动引起的.2.大气可以解释30天以下LOD非潮汐的大部分变化.3.极移分量30天以内的高频变化也主要由大气激发.x分量与大气的相关性要强于y分量,而且更为稳定,主要表现为平均时间尺度约为27天的波动,大气对这个波动的贡献可达70%. 相似文献
420.
翡翠的结构特征及其对翡翠质量的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对市面上常见翡翠结构的研究表明.翡翠的结构类型主要为:变晶结构、交代结构和碎裂结构,其中以粒柱状变晶结构最具代表性。不同结构的翡翠质量具有一定差异:变晶结构中以显微纤状变晶结构为最佳.具此结构的翡翠可达半透明至全透明;具交代结构的翡翠中常因含有钠质闪石、钠长石或绿泥石,且使翡翠的粒度不均匀而使其质量变差;具碎裂结构的翡翠硬度将略有降低.因而也会影响翡翠的质量。 相似文献