深海细菌太平洋火色杆菌中α-淀粉酶基因amy608的克隆表达及其酶学性质研究

从来自深海沉积物的太平洋火色杆菌(Flammeovirga pacifica)的基因组中发现了一个全长为1 875 bp的α-淀粉酶基因amy608.该基因在数据库中找不到具有同源性的序列,而所编码的Amy608蛋白与已注册蛋白的氨基酸序列相似性最高仅为56%,但具有α-淀粉酶水解活性所必需的保守基序DXEXD.进化树分析表明其属于糖苷水解酶13(GH13)家族第二亚家族.构建了p ColdΙ-amy608表达载体,在大肠杆菌中进行重组Amy608蛋白的异源表达,并采用镍离子亲和层析柱对重组蛋白进行了纯化.酶学性质分析表明,重组酶Amy608的最适作用温度为40℃,在40℃保温4 d后,仍保留70%以上的酶活,显示出良好的中温热稳定性;最适p H值为7.0,p H值范围在6~9时仍保留60%以上的酶活力,表明该酶具有较宽的p H值作用范围.Ca2+、Na+、K+对α-淀粉酶Amy608有激活作用,尤其是Ca2+可使酶活显著提高40%.薄层色谱分析结果显示该酶水解可溶性淀粉的最终产物以葡萄糖为主,表明该酶是一个糖化型淀粉水解内切酶.这些结果表明Amy608为GH13家族第二亚家族中一个新型的α-淀粉酶.     

A study on one-dimensional consolidation of layered structured aquitard soils in a leakage system

Analytical solutions expressed using the hydraulic head for the one-dimensional consolidation of layered structured aquitard soils in a leakage system are deduced by transforming the n-layered structured soils into n + i (i = 1,2,…, n)-layered soils with gradually changing thicknesses, therein considering the behaviors of structured aquitard soils. The solutions are given in the case of instantaneous and linear decreasing confined aquifer water levels. By comparing three different examples, the effects of the structured behaviors on the consolidation characteristics are analyzed for the instantaneous decline of the confined aquifer water level.     

Lateral dynamic response of a partially embedded pile subjected to combined loads in saturated soil

In this article, an analytical solution is proposed to investigate the lateral dynamic response of a pile which is partially embedded in saturated soil layer and subjected to combined lateral and vertical loads. The saturated soil is described by Biot’s poroelastic theory and the resistance of soil is derived by potential function method. The governing equation of the pile is solved by coupling soil resistance and continuity conditions between the pile and the soil. The dynamic impedances of the pile are then obtained through transfer matrix method. To verify the validity of the proposed procedure, the present solution is compared with available solution for an idealized case. Finally, a parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of various parameters on the stiffness and damping properties of the pile-soil system. It is found that permeability of the soil and vertical load has significant effects on the dynamic response of the pile.     

Effect of Groundwater Fluctuations on Pore Pressures and Earth Pressures on Coastal Excavation Retaining Walls

Pore water and earth pressures acting on retaining structures are investigated using an efficient coastal double-layered excavation model to determine offshore excavation responses to groundwater fluctuations outside foundation pits. Total pore water pressure includes excess pore water pressure (due to groundwater fluctuations) and steady pore water pressure (due to steady seepage) determined using one-dimensional consolidation theory of double-layered soil and one-dimensional steady-state flow theory, respectively. Rankine's active and passive earth pressures are obtained from pore water pressure. This method is applicable to arbitrary groundwater fluctuation conditions. How physical parameters affect pore water pressure is numerically investigated using examples, demonstrating the method's practicality for calculating pore water and earth pressures.     

黄河口潮滩泥沙絮凝研究

本文基于现场观测的絮团粒径、悬沙浓度及水动力数据,研究了黄河口南部潮滩泥沙絮凝特征。研究发现,黄河口潮滩絮团粒径在25.42～264.44 μm之间,平均为95.20 μm。水体紊动对黄河口潮滩絮凝的影响存在差异,紊动对絮凝促进作用的上限约为G_l=3.76 s⁻¹。紊动强度低于G_l时,紊动促进泥沙絮凝,絮团粒径随紊动加强而增大;反之水体紊动对絮凝主要起抑制作用,絮团粒径随紊动强度增大而减小。悬沙浓度对黄河口潮滩泥沙絮凝起抑制作用,同等紊动条件下高悬沙浓度对应的絮团粒径更小。黄河口潮滩絮团有效密度与粒径呈现负相关关系,沉速主要受粒径影响。本研究补充了对弱潮河口潮滩泥沙絮凝特性的认识。     

Self-Weight Penetration Characteristics of the Suction Foundation with Different Diameters in Sand

During the self-weight penetration process of the suction foundation on the dense sand seabed, due to the shallow penetration depth, the excess seepage seawater from the outside to the inside of the foundation may cause the negative pressure penetration process failure. Increasing the self-weight penetration depth has become an important problem for the safe construction of the suction foundation. The new suction anchor foundation has been proposed, and the self-weight penetration characteristics of the traditional suction foundation and the new suction anchor foundation are studied and compared through laboratory experiments and analysis. For the above two foundation types, by considering five foundation diameters and two bottom shapes, 20 models are tested with the same penetration energy. The effects of different foundation diameters on the penetration depth, the soil plug characteristics, and the surrounding sand layer are studied. The results show that the penetration depth of the new suction foundation is smaller than that of the traditional suction foundation. With the same penetration energy, the penetration depth of the suction foundation becomes shallower as the diameter increases. The smaller the diameter of the suction foundation, the more likely it is to be fully plugged, and the smaller the height of the soil plug will be. In the stage of self-weight penetration, the impact cavity appears around the foundation, which may affect the stability of the suction foundation.

     

Suspended sediment transport of the Hangzhou Bay and its related hydrodynamic analyses

The 25-h measurements of current speed, flow direction, water depth, suspended sediment concentration and salinity were carried out at six anchored stations in the study area during spring and neap tides in winter of 1987 and summer of 1989. Caculations and analyses of the data obtained show that large amounts of suspended sediments are moved back and forth under the action of tidal current, and the net transport of sediment is small, with its predominance upstream in winter and downstream in summer. These calculations and analyses also suggest that the advective transport of sediment is dominant, while the vertical gravitational circulation of the suspended sediment comes next. Meantime, it is indicated that tidal currents play a major role in the suspended sediment transport, and residual flows have effect on the net transport of the suspended sediment, which is more remarkable during neap tide than during spring tide.     

台湾山地的雨影效应及其表现

台湾岛的雨量受台湾山地的雨影效应影响明显,各地各月随着风向的不同,雨量表现出很大的差异。福建沿海一线存在着一个雨量低值区,主要是由于该地带所处的地理位置及地形条件所决定,与台湾山地的雨影效应无关。     

粘土矿物对海水中主要营养盐的吸附研究

对海水中磷盐和硝酸盐在粘土矿物上的吸附行为的研究发现，海水体系中高岭土对磷酸盐的吸附能力大于蒙脱土，其原因为，粘土颗粒的表层铝／硅结构比是控制磷酸盐吸附的主要因素，其中铝含量越高，肿附能力越大。考察ＰＨ、粘土酸改性处理等因素对吸附作用的影响，结果表明，ＰＨ＜８．５的磷酸盐吸附ＰＨ曲线呈峰形，其吸附作用以阴离子交换为主；ＰＨ＞８．５时磷酸盐的吸附作用以沉淀吸附为主。酸改性蒙脱土可提高吸附磷酸盐的能力     

吉林省敦化市乡村人群气候变化感知的偏差及群体分异研究

通过问卷调查,具体分析了吉林省敦化市乡村人群对气候变化趋势和极端冷暖年的感知偏差及人群分异.发现乡村人群对气候变化趋势的感知与科学事实比较符合,由于对变暖转折年代更敏感,因而对变暖的确认度在一些时段与科学事实在变化程度或幅度上存在比较大的偏差.乡村人群对极端冷暖年不如对趋势感知的准确度高.经验积累影响乡村人群对气候变化...