西昌市地质灾害发育分布规律及防灾建议

西昌市地处川西的安宁河流域,区内地质条环境件复杂,生态环境脆弱,泥石流、滑坡等地质灾害发育,给当地居民生命财产安全及经济发展带来了较大影响。本文通过对西昌市目前发育的153处不同类型的地质灾害进行统计,总结了地质灾害在流域、高程、时段等方面的分布规律;对影响或控制西昌市地质灾害发育的地形地貌、构造、岩土体结构、地震、降雨及人类工程活动等因素进行了分析、总结;并针对西昌市的地质灾害类型及发育分布特征提出了适用于该地区的科学、合理的地质灾害防灾建议。     

北京零售业的空间分布及影响因素

零售业是生活性服务业的重要组成部分,传统零售业通常通过零售商业网点形式展开。零售商业网点具有数量多、分布广、差异大等特点,其区位选择不仅影响居民的生活品质,也关乎商业网点空间布局的合理性。北京中心城区的零售业整体及其各细分行业均呈现出显著的空间集聚态势,集聚中心主要沿长安街及其延长线分布。影响零售业的区位选择因素包括交通通达性、地价成本、消费市场规模、消费偏好、政策引导、城市商业发展历史等。近年来,随着零售业与互联网的深度融合,零售业区位选择的影响因素及其作用方式不断发生变化,需要更多关注“新零售时代”对零售业空间布局的影响。     

大气和植被生态及土壤系统水文过程相互作用的一些研究

利用我国测站的降水资料、卫星测得的OLR和高云量资料、SST和137°E次表层海温资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了东亚夏季风的爆发和北进的年际变化特征及其与热带西太平洋热状态的关系.分析结果表明:当春季热带西太平洋处于暖状态,菲律宾周围对流活动强,在这种情况下,南海上空对流层下层有气旋性距平环流,西太平洋副热带高压偏东,从而使得南海夏季风爆发早;并且,当夏季热带西太平洋也处于暖状态,菲律宾周围对流活动也很强,在这种情况下,西太平洋副热带高压北进时,在6月中旬和7月初存在明显的突跳,从而使得东亚季风雨带在6月中旬明显由华南北跳到江淮流域,并于7月初由江淮流域北跳到黄河流域、华北和东北地区.这将引起江淮流域和长江中、下游夏季风降水偏少,并往往发生干旱,而黄河流域、华北和东北地区的夏季降水正常或偏多.相反,当春季热带西太平洋处于冷状态,菲律宾周围对流活动弱,在这种情况下,南海上空对流层下层有反气旋性距平环流,西太平洋副热带高压偏西,从而使得南海夏季风爆发晚;并且,当夏季热带西太平洋也处于冷状态,菲律宾周围对流活动也很弱,在这种情况下,西太平洋副热带高压北进时,在6月中旬或7月初向北突跳并不明显,而是以渐进式向北移动,从而使得东亚季风雨带一直维持在长江流域和淮河流域.这将引起此两流域夏季风降水偏多,并往往发生洪涝,而黄河流域、华北和东北地区的夏季降水偏少,发生干旱.作者还从非线性多平衡态动力理论说明了菲律宾周围对流活动强弱对西太平洋副热带高压北进时以突跳或渐进式向北移动起到重要作用.     

Design of environmental decision support system and its application to water quality management

1 IntroductionEnvironmental decision support systems could be divided into two categories by their organizational form and system functions. One is regional environmental analytical system based on commercial GIS and assisted by environmental models, such as BASINS developed by the American NEPA using ARC/VIEW as its user platform and including QUAL2E and NPSM as its prediction tools. The other is environmental information and prediction system based on mathematical models, such as…     

三疣梭子蟹溞状Ⅰ期幼体的饥饿实验

通过观察不同饥饿胁迫处理对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)溞状Ⅰ期幼体变态和发育的影响,研究了其营养储存饱和点(the point of reserve saturation,PRS)和不可恢复点(the point of no return,PNR)现象的发生情况.结果表明:以轮虫为饵料,三疣梭子蟹溞状Ⅰ期幼体(ZⅠ)在前期投喂后期饥饿的条件下,随着前期摄食时间的增加,幼体变态率和发育速度呈上升趋势,50%营养储存饱和点(PRS50)出现在47.5 h,100%营养储存饱和点(PRS100)出现在72 h;在前期饥饿后期投喂的条件下,随着前期饥饿时间的增加,幼体变态率和发育速度呈下降趋势,50%不可恢复点(PNR50)出现在39 h,100%不可恢复点(PNR100)出现在56 h.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000058

<正>The thermo-electric coefficients of twenty-six magnetite samples,formed either by magmatism or metamorphism,were tested by the thermo-electric instrument BHET—06.Results showed that the coefficient is of a constant value of about -0.05 mV/℃.It is emphasized that because every magnetite grain was tested randomly,the coefficient is independent of the crystallographic direction.This fact means the thermal voltage generated from a single magnetite crystal can be accumulated,and as a result a new thermo-electric field can arise when a gradient thermal field exists and is active within the earth's crust.Because magnetite is widespread in the earth's crust(generally appearing more in the middle-lower crust),there is more-than-random probability that the additional thermo-electric field can be generated when certain thermal conditions are fulfilled.We,therefore,used the thermo-electric effect of magnetite to study the mechanism responsible for the presence of abnormal geo-electric fields during earthquake formation and occurrence, because gradient thermal fields always exist before earthquakes.The possible presence of additional thermo-electric fields was calculated under theoretical seismological conditions,using the following calcu-lation formula:E= - 0.159(σ×△T×φ×ρ_2×[(h~2-2x~2)cosα+ 3hxsinα]/ρ_1(h~2 +x~2)~(5/2)).In the above formula,σis thermo-electric coefficient of magnetite,△T is the temperature difference acting on it,φis a sectional area on a block of magnetite vertically perpendicular to the direction of the thermal current.ρ_1 andρ_2 are the respective resistivities of magnetite and the crust,and h,α,and x,respectively,h is the depth of embedded magnetite block,αmeans the angle created by the horizontal line and ligature of the two poles of magnetite block,and x is the distance from observation point to projective center point of the magnetite block on earth surface.According to simulations calculated with this formula,additional thermo-electric field intensity may reach as high as n to n×10~2 mV/km.This field is strong enough to cause obvious anomalies in the background geo-electric field,and can be easy probed by earthquake monitoring equipment. Therefore,we hypothesize that geo-electric abnormalities which occur during earthquakes may be caused by the thermo-electric effect of magnetite.     

青藏高原沙漠化土地空间分布及区划

利用野外调查数据、遥感影像和已有研究成果,构建了一套适用于青藏高原沙漠化土地的分类分级指标体系及遥感解译标志。以此为基础,选取目视解译法监测青藏高原沙漠化土地的空间分布特征。结果表明:2015年青藏高原沙漠化土地面积392 913km^2,占高原土地总面积的15.1%,主要包括沙质沙漠化土地、砾质沙漠化土地和风蚀残丘3种类型。沙漠化土地以中度和轻度沙漠化土地为主,重度和极重度沙漠化土地面积仅占沙漠化土地总面积的12.2%。空间上,沙漠化土地集中分布在高原的北部和西部地区,其他地区零散分布。自东南向西北,沙漠化土地面积逐渐增大,沙漠化程度不断加重。以沙漠化土地空间分布数据(面积、类型、程度、空间特征和驱动因素)为基础,结合气候、地貌、第四纪沉积物和人类活动等数据,将青藏高原沙漠化区划分为雅鲁藏布江半干旱高山宽谷沙漠化区、藏北青南高寒高原面沙漠化区、柴达木干旱盆地沙漠化区、黄河上游半干旱河流盆地沙漠化区和三江流域湿润半湿润高山沙漠化区。     

吉林东部大蒲柴河adakites锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其意义

地球化学研究表明,大蒲柴河岩体具有典型的埃达克岩特征,来自加厚下地壳的部分熔融作用.本文采用激光等离子质谱对该岩体进行了U-Pb同位素定年,结果表明该岩体为晚侏罗世(165Ma)岩浆活动的产物.锆石的LA-MC-ICPMS Hf同位素研究结果显示,ε_(Hf)(165Ma)范围为-5.02～5.43,二阶段Hf模式年龄(t_(DM2))范围为965～1622Ma,暗示原始母岩浆为两种不同源区岩浆的混合.另外,Hf同位素研究表明,研究区在中-新元古代时(965～1304Ma)曾经历了一次重要的地壳增生事件.