矿床开发经济意义概略研究系统(PSDD)的开发与应用

为促进矿床开发经济意义概略研究工作的规范化,方便地质工作者开展概略研究的需要,开发了矿床开发经济意义概略研究系统(PSDD)。PSDD可生成概略研究要求的所有图表和概略研究报告,给出经济评价指标。图表为.xls格式,概略研究报告为.doc格式。静态经济评价指标包括矿山总利润、投资利润率和投资回收期;动态指标包括财务净现值、财务净现值率、财务内部收益率和动态投资回收期。PSDD通过实际应用,取得了预期的效果。PSDD作为矿床开发经济意义概略研究的工具,将为提升研究水平、规范研究成果、提高研究效率起到积极的作用。但PSDD的应用效果和选取参数的代表性关系密切,使用前应认真进行市场调研。     

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Palaeo-karst collapse pillars in northern China and their damage to the geological environments

According to statistics, there are a total of 39 sites of palaeo-karst collapse pillars in Northern China, as well as 3,650 palaeo-karst collapse pillars. Through an overall survey and analysis of the distribution regularities and formation mechanisms of palaeo-karst collapse pillars in the northern coal mine regions, this paper found that the rock formation structures, geological structures, karst characters, underground hydrodynamic conditions of karst and neotectonic movement conditions are basic geological bases for the formation of karst collapse pillars and rule the distribution of them. Karst collapse pillars apparently have three south–north regularities in terms of distribution, and they have resulted in severe damages to geological resources and environment in their distribution areas: mine water inrush causing and coal resources damage and influencing the impounding of reservoirs as well as the stability of dam sites. Based on the basic geological features of palaeo-karst collapse pillars in northern China, this paper also introduces the new methods of integrated prospecting of successive approximation to determine hydraulic conductivity of palaeo-karst collapse pillars.     

Temporal and spatial characteristics of surface water quality by an improved universal pollution index in red soil hilly region of South China: a case study in Liuyanghe River watershed

Selecting the Liuyanghe River watershed as an example, using monitoring data of water quality of nearly 10 years and the improved synthesis pollution index method to evaluate the water quality, the research studied the temporal and spatial characteristics of surface water quality of a typical basin in the red soil hilly region, and analyzed reasons for the surface water quality change. The results indicated the improved synthesis pollution index had a better serviceability than other methods, such as, Pollution Index method, Fuzzy Evaluation method, Grey-System method etc. As for the temporal characteristic, because of no-point source pollution, the water quality of Liuyanghe River watershed had become a more and more serious problem over a ten-year period. The spatial characteristic indicated that the pollution degree increased from upstream to downriver. Water quality upstream was better, and the content of the heavy metals was higher in the middle of the river, and the pollution of ammonia nitrogen intensified downriver. The result suggested the improved universal pollution index could be used in the assessment of the water environment.     

珠江三角洲都市群城市热岛效应初步研究

近十年来 ,珠江三角洲都市群热岛效应全面形成 ,年平均热岛强度由 1 983年前的 0 1℃上升到 1 993年的 0 5℃。珠江三角洲都市群热岛强度呈明显的季节变化和日变化 ,1 1月份热岛强度最强 ,4月份最弱 ,就年平均而言 ,夜间的热岛强度大于白天。珠江三角洲都市群热岛强度空间分布呈中间强周围弱的分布格局 ,与各地的经济活动密切相关 ,热岛强度强的地方均为广东经济活动最活跃的地区。     

赣东北双层复合逆冲推覆构造研究

赣东北多期造山带发育一种双层复合逆冲推覆构造,它是由下部的登山—横峰逆冲断层系和上部的葛源逆冲推覆构造共同构成。地质年代学及运动学研究表明,登山—横峰逆冲断层系形成于加里东期,自南东向北西运移达３０ｋｍ以上,应变速率ε＝２．４×１０－１２／ｓ。葛源逆冲推覆构造则形成于印支期,自北西向南东运移至少５０ｋｍ。     

华北地块及邻区重力异常特征及地质结构

研究华北地块及邻区重力异常特征、地质结构和断裂构造,对该区地震风险研判和矿产资源远景规划具有重要意义。文章基于小波多尺度分解法、Parker-Oldenburg迭代反演法和重力异常导数法,利用华北地块及邻区布格重力异常数据,获得布格重力异常小波分解逼近场和细节场、莫霍面深度和重力异常导数。结果表明:(1)逼近场和细节场揭示出华北地块可分为西部的鄂尔多斯克拉通块体和东部的华北似环状裂谷盆地两个子单元。(2)莫霍面深度范围在28~52 km之间,呈NNE走向,由西向东逐渐变浅,具有显著的“东西分带”特征。尤为显著的是鄂尔多斯克拉通块体和华北似环状裂谷盆地,块体内部莫霍面变化较平缓,块体边界莫霍面变化剧烈。(3)根据重力异常导数结果识别并校正出研究区13条块体边界及主要断裂带。     

新疆阿祖拜矿田伟晶岩型矿床遥感找矿综合信息研究

对利用ASTER、RapidEye、QuickBird及ASAR等多种类型遥感影像在伟晶岩型矿床遥感找矿中的综合应用进行了探讨。云英岩化和钠长石化是阿祖拜矿田两类主要的蚀变类型。在分析其光谱特征的基础上,确定了利用ASTER数据对这两类蚀变进行信息提取的方法。利用ASTER热红外数据进行了岩浆岩类型的划分,为不同岩性接触带的准确定位提供了依据。伟晶岩在可见光-近红外光谱段的高反射率是伟晶岩的自动识别及遥感解译重要的物理基础。以QuickBird的伟晶岩解译结果为检验标准,得到RapidEye的伟晶岩自动提取精度约86%。构造交汇部位、岩性接触带以及伟晶岩富集区与蚀变异常的叠加部分是该区成矿预测的重要依据。基于蚀变异常、伟晶岩富集区、地质构造等遥感找矿综合信息,圈定了4个远景成矿靶区,为进一步开展地质详查工作提供参考。关键词:伟晶岩;蚀变异常;遥感;信息提取;成矿预测     

Precise Timing of Caledonian Structural Deformation Chronology and Its Implications in Southeast Qilian Mountains, China

The middle Qilian orogenic belt and Lajishan orogenic belt, both of which were formed in the Caledonian, strike NW-SE direction across southeast Qilian Mountains and their basement consists of pre-Caledonian metamorphic rocks with lozenge-shaped ductile shear zones in the crystalline base- ment. The blunt angle between the conjugated ductile shear zones ranges from 104° to 114°, indicating approximate 210° of the maximum principal stress. The plateau ages of muscovite 40Ar/39Ar obtained from the mylonitized rocks in the ductile shear zones of Jinshaxia-Hualong-Keque massif within the middle Qilian massif are (405.1±2.4) Ma and (418.3±2.8) Ma, respectively. The chronology data confirm the formation of ductile shear zones in the Caledonian basement metamorphic rocks during the Cale- donian orogeny. Furthermore, on the basis of basement rock study, precise timing for the closing of the Late Paleozoic volcanic basin (or island-arc basin) and Lajishan ocean basin is determined. This pro- vides us a new insight into the closing of ocean basin in the structural evolution of orogenic belt.     

THE EARLY UPLIFT IN NORTHERN TIBETAN PLATEAU: EVIDENCE FROM THE STUDY ON CENOZOIC VOLCANIC ROCKS IN QIANGTANG REGION

THE EARLY UPLIFT IN NORTHERN TIBETAN PLATEAU: EVIDENCE FROM THE STUDY ON CENOZOIC VOLCANIC ROCKS IN QIANGTANG REGION