THE EARLY UPLIFT IN NORTHERN TIBETAN PLATEAU: EVIDENCE FROM THE STUDY ON CENOZOIC VOLCANIC ROCKS IN QIANGTANG REGION

THE EARLY UPLIFT IN NORTHERN TIBETAN PLATEAU: EVIDENCE FROM THE STUDY ON CENOZOIC VOLCANIC ROCKS IN QIANGTANG REGION     

新疆阿祖拜矿田伟晶岩型矿床遥感找矿综合信息研究

对利用ASTER、RapidEye、QuickBird及ASAR等多种类型遥感影像在伟晶岩型矿床遥感找矿中的综合应用进行了探讨。云英岩化和钠长石化是阿祖拜矿田两类主要的蚀变类型。在分析其光谱特征的基础上,确定了利用ASTER数据对这两类蚀变进行信息提取的方法。利用ASTER热红外数据进行了岩浆岩类型的划分,为不同岩性接触带的准确定位提供了依据。伟晶岩在可见光-近红外光谱段的高反射率是伟晶岩的自动识别及遥感解译重要的物理基础。以QuickBird的伟晶岩解译结果为检验标准,得到RapidEye的伟晶岩自动提取精度约86%。构造交汇部位、岩性接触带以及伟晶岩富集区与蚀变异常的叠加部分是该区成矿预测的重要依据。基于蚀变异常、伟晶岩富集区、地质构造等遥感找矿综合信息,圈定了4个远景成矿靶区,为进一步开展地质详查工作提供参考。关键词:伟晶岩;蚀变异常;遥感;信息提取;成矿预测     

赣东北地区岩浆岩同位素年代学研究及地质演化

本文收集并整理赣东北及邻区岩浆岩年龄数据200多个,在综合、分析大量地质资料与前人成果的基础上,尝试较全面地总结本区中元古代以来的岩浆活动、构造演化过程及其动力学背景。研究表明,本区古元古代及更早时期的岩浆活动确切记录很少,反映出赣东北地区可能没有古老的陆壳。中—新元古代丰富多彩的岩浆活动,记录了江南造山带在扬子板块东南缘的发生和形成过程。本区古生代的构造—岩浆活动总体来说不强烈,主要发育在一些海西印—支期的断裂拗陷带,并且伴随与海底火山活动—热水沉积相关的成矿作用。中生代尤其燕山期是赣东北地区岩浆活动较强烈的一个时期,以德兴铜厂—富家坞花岗闪长斑岩和银山潜火山岩为代表的花岗质岩浆活动形成了规模巨大的铜金多金属矿床,是中国东部中生代成矿大爆发的典型代表;本区在白垩纪处于拉张伸展的构造环境,发育双峰式岩浆岩建造。新生代构造—岩浆活动不强,仅在一些张裂带有少量岩浆活动。本文还结合近期工作,对一些争议性问题提出了自己的认识。     

Precise Timing of Caledonian Structural Deformation Chronology and Its Implications in Southeast Qilian Mountains, China

The middle Qilian orogenic belt and Lajishan orogenic belt, both of which were formed in the Caledonian, strike NW-SE direction across southeast Qilian Mountains and their basement consists of pre-Caledonian metamorphic rocks with lozenge-shaped ductile shear zones in the crystalline base- ment. The blunt angle between the conjugated ductile shear zones ranges from 104° to 114°, indicating approximate 210° of the maximum principal stress. The plateau ages of muscovite 40Ar/39Ar obtained from the mylonitized rocks in the ductile shear zones of Jinshaxia-Hualong-Keque massif within the middle Qilian massif are (405.1±2.4) Ma and (418.3±2.8) Ma, respectively. The chronology data confirm the formation of ductile shear zones in the Caledonian basement metamorphic rocks during the Cale- donian orogeny. Furthermore, on the basis of basement rock study, precise timing for the closing of the Late Paleozoic volcanic basin (or island-arc basin) and Lajishan ocean basin is determined. This pro- vides us a new insight into the closing of ocean basin in the structural evolution of orogenic belt.     

LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of Basic Dikes within Maxianshan Rock Group in the Central Qilian Orogenic Belt and Its Tectonic Implications

A large number of basic dikes, which indicate an important tectonic-magmatic event in the eastern part of the Central Qilian (祁连) orogenic belt, were found from Maxianshan (马衔山) rock group, Yongjing (永靖) county, Gansu (甘肃) Province, China. According to the research on the char- acteristics of geology and petrology, the basic dike swarms, widely intruded in Maxianshan rock group, are divided into two phases by the authors. U-Pb isotope of zircons from the basic dikes above two phases is separately determined by LA-ICP-MS in the Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics of Northwest University, China and the causes of formation of the zircons are studied using CL images. The formation age of the earlier phase of metagabbro dikes is (441.1±1.4) Ma (corresponding to the early stage of Early Silurian), and the age of the main metamorphic period is (414.3±1.2) Ma (corre- sponding to the early stage of Early Devonian). The formation age of the later phase of diabase dike swarms is (434±1.0) Ma (corresponding to the late stage of Early Silurian). The cap- tured-zircons from diabase dike swarms saved some information of material interfusion by Maxianshan rock group(207Pb/206Pb apparent ages are (2 325±3)–(2 573 ±6) Ma), and some zircons from diabase dike swarms also saved impacted information by tec- tonic thermal event during the late period of Caledonian movement (206Pb/238U apparent ages are (400±2)–(429±2) Ma). By combining the results of the related studies, the basic dikeswithin Maxianshan rock group were considered to be formed in the transfer period, from subductional orogeny towards collisional orogeny, which represents geological records of NW-SE extension during regional NE-SW towards intense compression in the Central Qilian block.     

济南泉域地下水污染现状及对策研究

随着经济的快速发展和工业化、城市化进程的不断加快和人口的剧加,人类活动产生的污染物对济南市局部地下水造成了一定的污染。该文分析论述了济南市泉域的水文地质条件,地下水污染现状及综合评价,提出了防治地下水污染的措施。     

Morphological, geochemical composition and origins of near-surface atmospheric dust in Changsha city of China

Near-surface atmospheric dust in Changsha city of China was analyzed in terms of morphological and geochemical composition. Morphological and chemical composition of the dust particles were analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer. Results indicated that the atmospheric dusts were mainly composed of spherule, plate, irregularly shaped and agglomerate, which contains variable sizes and amounts of particles. The dust particles could be categorized into five groups based on their chemical characteristic: Al-, Si-, Ca-, C-rich particles and aggregate. These particles and aggregate could be directly related to nearby polluting activities, such as building construction, traffic emission and coal combustion. The X-ray diffraction results show that the main minerals for atmospheric dust are gypsum, quartz and calcite. Mica, halloysite, montmorillonite, hematite, brushite, zeolite, sepiolite, feldspar, alite, dickite, SiS₂, Fe₆(OH)₂CO₃, FeSO₄, CdSO₄, Pb(NO)₂O₃, Al₂SO₄(OH)₄, As₂O₃SO₃, (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄Cl, K(NH₄)·Ca(SO₄)₂·H₂O are also detected in samples. The identification of heavy metals shows that the concentrations of Cr (403.5?mg?kg^?1), Cu (126?mg?kg^?1), Zn (1541.5?mg?kg^?1), Cd (2.5?mg?kg^?1) and Pb (348?mg?kg^?1) in the atmospheric dust are much higher compared to background value of soil. It indicates that the heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in the atmospheric dust is mainly due to human activities. The identification of main sources of atmospheric dust collected in typical areas can help to control the polluting sources in urban area.     

济南玉符河重点渗漏带岩溶地下水补给特征与保护

玉符河是济南趵突泉域的重点渗漏带之一,是天然河道型渗漏带,其流域面积较大,具有较好来水条件,且卧虎山水库与锦绣城水库水系联通工程使其具备调水补源的条件,能通过增加外调补水增加重点渗漏带的补水能力。文章根据渗漏补给功能特征,采用RS、GPS、GS、物探测量、水文地质试验等技术手段,利用岩性、构造、地形、渗透性、植被覆盖度五大矢量数据的叠加分析方法,以主河道为中心划定玉符河重点渗漏带的保护范围,并利用变化参数法计算出玉符河重点渗漏带多年平均天然地下水补给量约为1 290万m³,其是岩溶地下水的重要补给来源。玉符河重点渗漏带的补水效果主要是通过提升西郊区域岩溶地下水水位,阻止趵突泉南部山区地下水向北径流过程中的向西分流,使地下水集中向泉水出露区汇聚,从而增大泉水的出流量。在保护渗漏带自然入渗功能的前提下,可充分挖掘玉符河重点渗漏带的补水功能,通过调水补源、河道生态修复、入河污染控制等措施,增大玉符河重点渗漏带的渗漏补给量。     

钍石的新变种——铅钍石

铅钍石是钍石的新变种，属首次发现。其ＰｂＯ含量达９．０４％，由此引起其性质的变化，如比重、硬度、折光率和晶胞参数均小于铀钍石，并可根据红外吸收谱判断铅钍石的变生程度。     

老挝波罗芬高原红土型铝土矿地质特征与成矿规律

老挝南部占巴塞省的波罗芬高原分布大面积的玄武岩。该区气候属热带季风型,炎热多雨、干湿交替。在这种湿热气候和地貌间隙性抬升、基地裂隙发育排水通畅的地质背景下,形成了丰富的红土型铝土矿资源。