反射槽波探测煤层断层构造的应用研究

在实际煤田地球物理勘探中,常规的地面地震勘探技术无法对煤层中的小断层、陷落柱、夹矸等微幅构造体进行精细的探测。相比于地面地震勘探,槽波地震勘探直接在煤层中激发,能量强,范围大,能够精确探测煤层中的微幅构造体。笔者等针对反射槽波地震数据的特征,给出了一种有效的反射槽波地震数据精细处理技术和流程,通过对频散分析以及槽波包络叠加等关键技术进行试验研究,提高反射槽波地震数据的成像精度,进而更准确地识别煤层中小断层等微幅构造。实际煤田反射槽波的应用试验表明,反射槽波勘探准确识别出煤层中的小断层构造,验证了反射槽波勘探技术的实用性以及本文反射槽波地震数据处理技术的有效性。     

Petrogenesis of the ～1.94 Ga Meta-gabbronorites in Liangcheng: Implications for Tectonic Evolution of the Khondalite Belt,North China Craton

We investigated the meta-gabbronorites in Liangcheng and used detailed petrography, geochemistry, zircon geochronological and in-situ Hf isotopic studies to clarify their formation and metamorphic ages, petrogenesis, tectonic setting and provide constraints on the tectonic evolution of Khondalite Belt(KB). The zircon U-Pb dating results show that the meta-gabbronorites crystallized at ～1.94 Ga and were metamorphosed at ～1.91–1.89 Ga. They can be subdivided into the low-Mg and high-Mg groups. The...     

Environmental Effects on Differential Organic Matter Enrichment of the Lower Cambrian Shale, Tarim Basin, NW China

Early Cambrian shale is an important petroleum source rock around the world. Because of little drilling data and poor seismic data, until recently, organic matter enrichment of the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi and Xishanbulake formations shale is still an enigma in the Tarim Basin, northwestern China. Total organic carbon (TOC), major and trace element data of Cambrian shale samples from five boreholes have been analyzed to decipher the mechanism of the organic matter enrichment. The results show that the shales deposited in the western restricted intraplatform have much higher TOC contents (3.2%–19.8%, on average 11.0%) than those from the eastern basin (2.2%–10.2%, on average 4.5%). The paleoproductivity proxies (Ba, Ba/Al, P/Al) in the western restricted platform are much higher than those in the eastern basin. The trace element indicators such as V/Cr, Ni/Co, Mo–TOC and MoEF–UEF suggest an anoxic environment across the basin, but a more restricted environment in the western intraplatform. The paleoproductivity rather than anoxic condition and hydrothermal activity are concluded to have resulted in the differentiation of the organic matter enrichment from the western intraplatform to eastern basin in the early Cambrian shales; the restricted environment was favorable for paleoproductivity and preservation of organic matter.     

高纯石英原料特征和矿床成因研究现状综述

高纯石英具有重要的战略地位,是高新技术产业的基础原材料。本文对高纯石英原料的特征和矿床成因研究方法进行了系统的归纳。通过观察石英岩相学特征,分析矿物包裹体及流体包裹体的数量、大小、化学成分、存在形式和分布状态,以及SiO2和微量杂质元素的含量和赋存状态,可以研究高纯石英原料的矿物学特征;通过Ar Ar同位素定年可以计算高纯石英原料矿床的成矿年龄;通过H—O同位素测试,Ti、Al、Ge、Li等微量元素含量分析,可以研究高纯石英原料矿床的成矿物质来源;通过分析流体包裹体的均一温度、盐度、化学组成等特征以及SEM CL微结构观察,可以研究高纯石英原料矿床的成矿作用过程。在此基础上,本论文对我国高纯石英行业的发展提出相关的建议。     

《金史·地理志》城市行政建制疏漏及补正研究

唐末五代以来,城市行政管理机构发生了重要变化,这就是金代明确出现的具有独立行政职能,但等级规模不同的城市行政管理机构警巡院、录事司和司候司.作为金代与县平行的城市行政管理机构,其官制在《金史·百官志》中具有明确记载,但与县平行的城市行政建置却被《金史·地理志》疏漏,这一问题值得学界研究并加以补正.     

中国北极村气候变暖特征

利用我国最北部的北极村气象站1963～2005年气温资料,通过计算气候倾向率和气候趋势系数,对该地区气候变化特点进行了分析。结果表明,43年来北极村气温有明显并稳定的上升趋势,年平均气温以每10年0．46℃幅度升高。各季及逐月平均气温都存在不同程度的变暖趋势,但是冬季升温最为剧烈,达每10年0．69℃,其中2月升温幅度为每10年1．02℃,为全年最大。秋季升温最弱,仅为每10年0．21℃。年平均最低气温（每10年0．59℃）和年极端最低气温（每10年0．74℃）比年平均最高气温（每10年0．37℃）和年极端最高气温（每10年0．27℃）升温幅度明显偏大。最低气温比最高气温对平均气温的年代际升温趋势贡献更为明显。     

二次多项式逐步回归在油田压裂产能预测中的应用

在油田勘探与开发过程中,为了改造低渗透性油层大幅度增加产油能力,目前广泛采用对油层进行水力压裂措施。所谓水力压裂,就是用高压(200—1400大气压)将一定粘度(1—10000厘泊)的液体从油井的套管或油管中以油层能吸收的速度(1立方米—40立方米/分)压入。这样的压入速度,促使井筒内的压力超过地层的压缩应力和岩石的张力强度而出现破裂,形成一条或者一组裂缝。继续注入压裂液,将迫使裂缝进一步延伸和扩展。     

亚高山不同海拔高程中的岩溶泉水化学特征对比研究--以重庆金佛山碧潭泉和水房泉为例

金佛山岩溶泉水化学呈现日变化和空间变化的动态特征.在时间上,碧潭泉水化学特征呈现周期性的日变化规律,而水房泉日变化规律不甚明显.由于海拨高程的影响,金佛山岩溶泉水化学变化动态对降雨直接响应的效应不同:在同一时间里,碧潭泉对降水的响应微弱;而水房泉水中的Ca 、Mg2 和HCO3-等离子浓度随降雨而上升,它主要受碳酸盐岩-水-CO2相互作用中的CO2的控制.金佛山岩溶泉水化学特征还受岩性的控制.     

Kuranakhite discovered in China for the first time

Kuranakhite was firstly discovered in the oxidized zone of the Kuranakh gold mine, southern Russia, and since then there has been no report on it. Kuranakhite in this paper was discovered in the Jialu gold mine, Luonan County, Shaanxi Province. The mineral often occurs as irregular granular aggregates varying from 0. 05 to 0. 25 mm in size. The mineral is light brown to brown in color, translucent, brown in steak, and vitreous in luster. Hv is 231 – 439kg/mm², H_M = 4∼5 and measured density is 6.72(2)g/cm³. Its reflection color is bluishgray to light-blue and it shows middle anisotropism and weak bireflectance. Its polarization color is blue to grayish-brown and there is no internal reflection. The index of refraction is:N _a = 2.01,N _β = 1. 98,N _γ = 1. 96. The average composition is PbO 45. 40 wt %, MnO₂ 16.41wt%, TeO₃ 38.10wt%, totalling 99. 91wt%. The empirical formula is Pb_0.99Mn_0.92 Te_1.06O₆, which can be simplified as PbMnTeO₆. Principal lines in the X-ray power pattern [d(I)(hkl)] are:0.341 (100), (111); 0.2556(60), (130); 0.2043 (50), (041);0.1666 (20), (310); 0.1598(40), (241); and 0.1472(15), (330). It was determined that kuranakhite is orthorhombic; its space group may be C;a = 0.511(1) nm,b = 0.891(2)nm,c = 0.532(l)nm, a:b = 0.57, c:b = 0.60;V = 0.242 (3) nm³;Z = 2, and calculated density = 6.66(1) g/ cm³. This project was financially supported by both the Armed Police Headquarters of Gold Exploration and the Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Educational Commission (No.HJ96-2-4;96JK-026).     

Early hydrocarbon generation of biological lipids in non-marine lacustrine basins—a genetic mechanism of immature oil

Taking both eastern Linqing Depression and North Jiangsu Basin as examples, based on geochemical features of immature oils as well as source inputs of hydrocarbons and macerals, it is revealed that a mixed source input of alga bio-lipids and higher plant waxes is a basic characteristic of source material for immature oils in non-marine brackish-saline lacustrine basins. Project supported by the “85–102” Chinese National Key Science and Technology Project and the National Gas Geochemistry Key Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.