一种适合定点使用的DTZ型质子旋进磁力仪

系统地介绍了ＤＴＺ系列质子旋进磁力仪的思路和性能特点，通过台站使用认为，ＤＴＺ系列仪器能满足地磁台观测精度的要求，具有实际使用的价值。     

Response of soil aggregate disintegration to the different content of organic carbon and its fractions during splash erosion

Aggregate disintegration is a critical process in soil splash erosion. However, the effect of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fractions on soil aggregates disintegration is still not clear. In this study, five soils with similar clay contents and different contents of SOC have been used. The effects of slaking and mechanical striking on splash erosion were distinguished by using deionized water and 95% ethanol as raindrops. The simulated rainfall experiments were carried out in four heights (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m). The result indicated that the soil aggregate stability increased with the increases of SOC and light fraction organic carbon (LFOC). The relative slaking and the mechanical striking index increased with the decreases of SOC and LFOC. The reduction of macroaggregates in eroded soil gradually decreased with the increase of SOC and LFOC, especially in alcohol test. The amount of macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) in deionized water tests were significantly less than that in alcohol tests under the same rainfall heights. The contribution of slaking to splash erosion increased with the decrease of heavy fractions organic carbon. The contribution of mechanical striking was dominant when the rainfall kinetic energy increased to a range of threshold between 9 J m⁻² mm⁻¹ and 12 m⁻² mm⁻¹. This study could provide the scientific basis for deeply understanding the mechanism of soil aggregates disintegration and splash erosion.     

Frictional resistance to accelerating slip

General analytical expressions for the friction stress and state variable, based on a rate and state-dependent constitutive friction law proposed by Dieterich and Ruina, have been obtained as an explicit function of slip rateV or slip timet or slip displacement δ under the assumption that slip accelerationa is constant or piecewise constant. Properties of the solutions have been discussed, and reviewed, for uniformly accelerating (or decelerating) slip, the following.

1. Frictional stress increases (or decreases) with increasing time, or slip rate, or slippage at the beginning of motion, until a maximum (or a minimum) value (when it exists) has been reached, then decreases (or increases), and finally approaches a special frictional state, namely a steady state, for which stress depends on instantaneous slip rate.
2. The maximal value of frictional stress is dependent on accelerationa; the larger thea, the larger the magnitude of the maximum.

The energy expense ε needed to overcome the frictional stress has been estimated. And therefore the optimal value of acceleration for saving energy for a slipping mechanical system has been obtained. The energy release rateG for an abrupt rupture process of a crack or fault has been estimated.     

海南地区五口井水位对汶川地震的同震记录及其频谱分析

水震波是指地震波引起的井孔水位震荡现象.刘江等(1989)采用差容式加速度计作为拾震器,记录到了新丰江水库2.4级地震水震波中的PG和SG震相;舒优良等(2003)将BCC差压式水位仪与采样率为50Hz的地震数据采集器连接,周至深井成功记录到了2000年10月6日日本本州7.3级地震的数字化水震波波形,并与陕西数字地震台网部分台站的宽频带地震记录资料进行对比研究,得出有益的结论.     

反射地震走时层析成像中的大型稀疏矩阵压缩存储和求解

反射地震走时层析成像是一种精度较高的速度求取方法,最终可归结为线性方程组的求解.方程组具有很大的维数,常规解法需要很大的存储量和计算量.本文考虑到当投影函数取为走时残差,图象函数取为慢度残差时,灵敏度矩阵中的元素表示射线经过网格的长度的特殊物理意义,采用行索引的压缩存储方式,在射线追踪正演模拟过程中直接压缩存储灵敏度矩阵,在层析反演过程中利用压缩后的矩阵进行求解,大大降低了存储量和计算量.     

“明灯1号”人工爆破地震地磁效应场地试验

中国地震局地球物理研究所于2007年12月12日在河北省怀来县实施了"明灯1号"大当量人工爆破,目的是以人工震源开展地球深部结构探测及地球物理学相关研究.这无疑是开展地震地磁效应场地试验的机会.在人工震源周围数十千米范围内开展了地磁三分量重复测量和地磁总强度连续测量.初步分析结果显示了有意义的信息.测量过程和数据处理结果也验证了流动地震地磁观测具有可靠的精度.     

Analysis on the Characteristics of the Coseismic Response of Water Levels Recorded in Three Wells in Hainan,China to the Two Sumatra-Andaman Strong Earthquakes

The characteristics of seismic water level fluctuations of the two Sumatra-Andaman strong earthquakes with magnitude 8.7 and 8.5 on December 26,2004 and March 29, 2005 recorded at Jiaji well, Qionghai, Hainan were analyzed, the features of the infrequent ＂step＂ changes of well water level after the two earthquakes were also analyzed and the mechanism of the ＂step change＂ of well water level was discussed. Then the high-sample-rate digital observation data of seismically-induced water level fluctuations of the Sumatra-Andaman strong earthquakes with magnitude 8.7 and 8.5 recorded at Nanbin well, Sanya and Tanniu well, Wenchang were analyzed. The results suggest that the dominant period of the seismic well water level fluctuation in all three wells was comparatively accordant, the amplitudes of seismic water level fluctuation of the same earthquake in different wells were clearly different, the time duration of seismic water level fluctuations of different earthquakes at the same well was also clearly different.     

Oceanic plate subduction history in the western Pacific Ocean: Constraint from late Mesozoic evolution of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone

The NE- to NNE-striking Tan-Lu Fault Zone (TLFZ) is the largest fault zone in East China, and a typical representative for the circum-Pacific tectonics. Its late Mesozoic evolution resulted from subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate, and can be used for indication to the subduction history. The TLFZ reactivated at the end of Middle Jurassic since its origination in Middle Triassic. This phase of sinistral motion can only be recognized along the eastern edge of the Dabie-Sulu orogenis, and indicates initiation of the Paleo-Pacific (Izanagi) Plate subduction beneath the East China continent. After the Late Jurassic standstill, the fault zone experienced intense sinistral faulting again at the beginning of Early Cretaceous under N-S compression that resulted from the NNW-ward, low-angle, high-speed subduction of the Izanagi Plate. It turned into normal faulting in the rest of Early Cretaceous, which was simultaneous with the peak destruction of the North China Craton caused by backarc extension that resulted from rollback of the subducting Izanagi Plate. The TLFZ was subjected to sinistral, transpressive displacement again at the end of Early Cretaceous. This shortening event led to termination of the North China Craton destruction. The fault zone suffered local normal faulting in Late Cretaceous due to the far-field, weak backarc extension. The late Mesozoic evolution of the TLFZ show repeated alternation between the transpressive strike-slip motion and normal faulting. Each of the sinistral faulting event took place in a relatively short period whereas every normal faulting event lasted in a longer period, which are related to the subduction way and history of the Paleo-Pacific Plates.