Himalayan magmatism and porphyry copper–molybdenum mineralization in the Yulong ore belt, East Tibet

Summary ?The NW–SE-trending Yulong porphyry Cu–Mo ore belt, situated in the Sanjiang0 area of eastern Tibet, is approximately 400 km long and 35 to 70 km wide. Complex tectonic and magmatic processes during the Himalayan epoch have given rise to favorable conditions for porphyry-type Cu–Mo mineralization. Porphyry masses of the Himalayan epoch in the Yulong ore belt are distributed in groups along regional NW–SE striking tectonic lineaments. They were emplaced mainly into Triassic and Lower Permian sedimentary-volcanic rocks. K–Ar und U–Pb isotopic datings give an intrusion age range of 57–26 Ma. The porphyries are mainly of biotite monzogranitic and biotite syenogranitic compositions. Geological and geochemical data indicate that the various porphyritic intrusions in the belt had a common or similar magma source, are metaluminous to peraluminous, Nb–Y–Ba-depleted, I-type granitoids, and belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series. Within the Yulong subvolcanic belt a number of porphyry stocks bear typical porphyry type Cu–Mo alteration and mineralization. The most prominent porphyry Co–Mo deposits include Yulong, Malasongduo, Duoxiasongduo, Mangzong and Zhanaga, of which Yulong is one of the largest porphyry Cu (Mo) deposits in China with approximately 8 × 10⁶ tons of contained Cu metal. Hydrothermal alteration at Yulong developed around a biotite–monzogranitic porphyry stock that was emplaced within Upper Triassic limestone, siltstone and mudstone. The earliest alteration was due to the effects of contact metamorphism of the country rocks and alkali metasomatism (potassic alteration) within and around the porphyry body. The alteration of this stage was accompanied by a small amount of disseminated and veinlet Cu–Mo sulfide mineralization. Later alteration–mineralization zones form more or less concentric shells around the potassic zone, around which are distributed a phyllic or quartz–sericite–pyrite zone, a silicification and argillic zone, and a propylitic zone. Fluid inclusion data indicate that three types of fluids were involved in the alteration–mineralization processes: (1) early high temperature (660–420 °C) and high salinity (30–51 wt% NaCl equiv) fluids responsible for the potassic alteration and the earliest disseminated and/or veinlet Cu–Mo sulfide mineralization; (2) intermediate unmixed fluids corresponding to phyllic alteration and most Cu–Mo sulfide mineralization, with salinities of 30–50 wt% NaCl equiv and homogenization temperatures of 460–280 °C; and (3) late low to moderate temperature (300–160 °C) and low salinity (6–13 wt% NaCl equiv) fluids responsible for argillic and propylitic alteration. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic studies show that the early hydrothermal fluids are of magmatic origin and were succeeded by increasing amounts of meteoric-derived convective waters. Sulfur isotopes also indicate a magmatic source for the sulfur in the early sulfide mineralization, with the increasing addition of sedimentary sulfur outward from the porphyry stock. Received August 29, 2001; revised version accepted May 1, 2002 Published online: November 29, 2002     

三种猪毛菜种子耐盐性与幼苗干燥存活能力

在控制条件下研究了三种藜科植物紫翅猪毛菜(Salsola affinisC.A.Mey.)、浆果猪毛菜(Salsola foliosa(L.)Schrad.)和钠猪毛菜(Salsola nitrariaPall.)种子的萌发特性以及萌发后的幼苗在室温中放置14天和30天之后重新放置在原溶液中的存活状况。结果表明:三种猪毛菜种子在无菌水、0.085 mol/L、0.17 mol/L、0.34 mol/L NaCl溶液中萌发的很好,但是在0.51 mol/LNaCl中萌发率很低,三种猪毛菜幼苗在干燥30天重新放置在原溶液中以后仍然具有很高的存活率。上述结果表明:已经萌发了的幼苗在干燥环境中仍然保持存活的能力是盐生植物为了适应极端干旱和盐渍荒漠环境的一个重要的生存策略。     

A proposal for the theoretical analysis of the interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations

Mega-urban agglomerations are strategic core areas for national economic development and the main regions of new urbanization. They also have important roles in shifting the global economic center of gravity to China. However, the development of mega-urban agglomerations has triggered the interactive coercion between resources and the eco-environment. The interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations represent frontier and high-priority research topics in the field of Earth system science over the next decade. In this paper, we carried out systematic theoretical analysis of the interactive coupling mechanisms and coercing effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. In detail, we analyzed the nonlinear-coupled relationships and the coupling characteristics between natural and human elements in mega-urban agglomerations. We also investigated the interactive coercion intensities between internal and external elements, and the mechanisms and patterns of local couplings and telecouplings in mega-urban agglomeration systems, which are affected by key internal and external control elements. In addition, we proposed the interactive coupling theory on urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. Furthermore, we established a spatiotemporal dynamic coupling model with multi-element, multi-scale, multi-scenario, multi-module and multi-agent integrations, which can be used to develop an intelligent decision support system for sustainable development of mega-urban agglomerations. In general, our research may provide theoretical guidance and method support to solve problems related to mega-urban agglomerations and maintain their sustainable development.     

关于辽宁地区b值方法定量预测的研究

本文利用地震学分析预报方法程式指南和“八五”攻关成果中提出的地震b值定量预测方法,对辽宁及邻区1969年以来发生的8次地震震例作了回顾性检验研究。在此基础上,根据震前b值的变化特征,总结出了可能适用于辽宁地区半年左右尺度的b值预测方法的异常羊别指标及预报规则。     

城镇增长下的收缩：以武汉为例

首先从人口、经济、用地3个维度综合考察武汉市增长与收缩的全貌,并采用县区及街道2个尺度的数据定量描述了武汉市增长与收缩的特征与空间格局,发现武汉市下辖青山区、硚口区、汉阳区和蔡甸区存在局部较严重的收缩现象,空间上形成集聚,形态上呈“穿孔式”。进一步以青山区为案例,着重从资本视角探讨发生局部收缩的内在机制,发现其存在老龄化、少子化趋势,但局部收缩的主因是资本从产业部门的“逃逸”。     

Unraveling the multi-scalar residential segregation and socio-spatial differentiation in China: A comparative study based on Nanjing and Hangzhou

Residential segregation is a dual process of socio-spatial differentiation in residents and spatio-temporal heterogeneity in dwelling.However,most of the existing studies are es-tablished from the single perspective of urban residents based on demographic data,which is difficult to reveal the dynamics and complex spatial reconstruction within and between cities.With the characteristics of both stability and timeliness,the rapidly changing housing market is one of the processes and results of socio-spatial reconfiguration,and it is undoubtedly a better lens to observe residential segregation.This paper adopts methods such as multi-group segregation index,multi-scalar segregation profiles,and decomposition of segregation index,with Nanjing and Hangzhou as case cities,and establishes multi-scalar segregation profiles and comparative models based on three geographical scales of census tract,block and grid,and different residential types.A quantitative study was conducted on the degree and pattern of multi-scalar residential segregation in Nanjing and Hangzhou from 2009 to 2018.The pa-per found that the spatial segregation index is an improvement of the non-spatial segregation index.There are differences between Nanjing and Hangzhou in the evolution process of residential segregation.Nanjing has a higher degree of spatial differentiation as a whole,among which spatial components have a more significant impact.     

山东极端强降水天气环境参数特征

基于2012-2015年期间上海市多次明显强降水过程的逐时110积水报警数据(积水灾情)和气象站降水量数据, 分析降水和积水灾情两者之间的关系和时空动态变化, 建立了上海城市人口密集区强降水积水的阈值指标。结果表明:上海中心城区强降水积水的起始阈值为1 h降水量30 mm, 当中心城区1 h降水量在70 mm以上时, 积水会显著增多。上海区县人口密集居住区强降水的起始阈值为1 h降水量35 mm。降水积水的严重程度不仅与降水强度相关, 也与累积降水量和降水持续时间的长短有关。当2 h累积降水达到40 mm以上时, 也有积水灾情。积水灾情相对于降水有1-2 h左右的滞后期。

     

厚层黄土状土中扩底墩竖向承载性状

根据同一试验场地厚层非湿陷性黄土状土中8根大直径扩底墩、2根等直径桩的竖向承载力静载试验,对扩底墩的竖向承载性状进行了研究。结果表明,在其他条件相同时,随扩底墩直径D的增大,虽单位面积极限端阻力有不同程度的降低,但墩的极限承载力Qu增大;当D和墩身直径d不变时,总极限侧阻力所占墩顶极限荷载的百分比随长径比L/d的增大而增大;d不变时,随长径比L/D的增加,各墩的墩顶荷载呈起伏变化,总端阻所占百分比（比等直径桩大）相应降低,平均极限侧阻力（比等直径桩小）相应增大,而L/D = 3时,其承载性状较好;在扩底墩墩身直径d与等直径桩相同、入土长度相当的情况下,前者承载力比后者大,且沉降小。     

地震灾害现场救援搜索策略与搜索方法有关问题的讨论

对地震灾害现场的搜索策略和搜索方法等有关问题进行了讨论，推荐了常用的搜索策略，对不同搜索方法的利弊进行了分析；对搜索方法的使用也做了讨论。通过讨论，文章就搜索分队的组成、任务、装备和部署等提出了建议。     

近千年中国东部夏季降水的模拟研究

利用ECHO­G海气耦合气候模式模拟的中国东部过去近1000年的降水资料,通过经验正交函数分解方法得到了中国东部夏季降水分布的主要空间型态： 华北和华南地区与长江中下游地区反位相,即华北和华南地区降水多(少)时长江中下游地区降水少(多)。对31年滑动平均后3种空间分布型的时间系数进行Morlet小波分析和功率谱分析发现,3个地区均存在准60年的年代际振荡周期,长江中下游和华南地区均存在准200年的百年际振荡周期,华南地区还存在120年和80年的变化周期。全球海温场与3个地区夏季降水31年滑动平均后的相关分析表明,在40°～70°S,170°～60°W海域海温与华北和长江中下游地区夏季降水负相关,与华南地区夏季降水正相关除该区外的南北半球(30°～60°)中高纬海域海温与华北和长江中下游地区夏季降水正相关、与华南地区夏季降水负相关,说明在年代际和百年际时间尺度上,中高纬海域海温是影响长江中下游地区和华南地区夏季降水反相的主要因子之一。最后通过对太阳常数、火山活动等外强迫因子与中国东部夏季降水的功率谱分析发现： 中国东部夏季降水的年代际与百年际变化周期大都与外强迫因子的变化周期一致,说明外强迫因子,尤其是太阳常数和火山活动的变化是影响中国东部夏季降水年代际和百年际振荡的主要原因。