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531.
Large‐scale connectivity of Grapsus grapsus (Decapoda) in the Southwestern Atlantic oceanic islands: integrating genetic and morphometric data
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Mariana M. Teschima Patrícia R. Strӧher Carina R. Firkowski Marcio R. Pie Andrea S. Freire 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(6):1360-1372
The degree of connectivity among island populations can influence their demography and affect their level of genetic differentiation. In this study we investigated genetic and morphometric differences among four populations of Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus 1758), in Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (0°55′ N, 29°20′ W), Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (3°50′ S, 32°24′ W), Rocas Atoll (3°50′ S, 33°49′ W) and Trindade Island (20°30′ S, 29°20′ W) from 2003 to 2011. Morphometric results indicated the existence of two distinct groups based on the morphology of their chelae (Trindade Island/Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago versus Fernando de Noronha/Rocas Atoll). In addition, genetic variation in a fragment of the mitochondrial control region revealed substantial differentiation between Trindade and the other islands, with Trindade Island showing only exclusive haplotypes. The congruence of the genetic and morphologic analyses suggests the occurrence of a divergent population in Trindade Island as well as high connectivity among the three remaining equatorial islands. This is the first study to assess the level of morphologic differentiation and genetic connectivity of a species among all four Southwestern Atlantic oceanic islands. Our results provide valuable insight into understanding connectivity through surface ocean currents and suggest that the unstable current system of this area could be responsible for different dispersal patterns. We also suggest that the design of Brazilian marine protected areas should be adjusted to provide stronger protection for Trindade Island as it harbors unique genetic and morphologic variation in G. grapsus. 相似文献
532.
Much has been said, yet little remains known, about the impacts of the changes associated with post-socialist transition on housing inequalities in metropolitan Central and Eastern Europe. To some extent, this depends on the scarcity of ‘hard evidence’ about the socialist epoch against which the subsequent developments may be gauged. Based on a case study of Bucharest, the Romanian capital and one of the region’s major cities, this study investigates various lines of housing inequality using data from a 20 % sample of the national censuses of 1992 and 2002. With only minor changes having taken place since the revolutionary events of late 1989, the year 1992 provides an accurate picture of the housing inequalities inherited from the socialist epoch, whereas the new societal order had largely been established by 2002. We use linear regression and binary logistic regression modeling to identify the factors that predict living space and level of facilities. The results suggest that the first decade of transition did not exert any major influences on the housing inequalities inherited from socialism, with the exception of notable improvements at the very top of the social pyramid. This finding is at odds with the literature that highlights the (suggested) effects of socio-economic polarization on the residential structure of cities after socialism. However, the results from 1992 indicate that housing was segmented along socio-economic lines already under socialism, and perhaps more so than one would have expected in the light of the literature on housing inequalities during this period. 相似文献
533.
It is well known that there is a temporal relationship between coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and associated flares. The duration of the acceleration phase is related to the duration of the rise phase of a flare. We investigate CMEs associated with slow long duration events (LDEs), i.e. flares with the long rising phase. We determined the relationships between flares and CMEs and analyzed the CME kinematics in detail. The parameters of the flares (GOES flux, duration of the rising phase) show strong correlations with the CME parameters (velocity, acceleration during main acceleration phase, and duration of the CME acceleration phase). These correlations confirm the strong relation between slow LDEs and CMEs. We also analyzed the relation between the parameters of the CMEs, i.e. a velocity, an acceleration during the main acceleration phase, a duration of the acceleration phase, and a height of a CME at the end of the acceleration phase. The CMEs associated with the slow LDEs are characterized by high velocity during the propagation phase, with the median equal to 1423 km?s?1. In half of the analyzed cases, the main acceleration was low (a<300 m?s?2), which suggests that the high velocity is caused by the prolonged acceleration phase (the median for the duration of the acceleration phase is equal 90 minutes). The CMEs were accelerated up to several solar radii (with the median ≈?7 R ⊙), which is much higher than in typical impulsive CMEs. Therefore, slow LDEs may potentially precede extremely strong geomagnetic storms. The analysis of slow LDEs and associated CMEs may give important information for developing more accurate space-weather forecasts, especially for extreme events. 相似文献
534.
Maria Aldona Augustyniak-Jabłokow Yurii V. Yablokov Bartłomiej Andrzejewski Wojciech Kempiński Szymon Łoś Krzysztof Tadyszak Mikhail Y. Yablokov Valentin A. Zhikharev 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2010,37(4):237-247
The X-band EPR and magnetic susceptibility in the temperature range 4.2–300 K study of the shungite-I, natural nanostructured
material from the deposit of Shunga are reported. Obtained results allow us to assign the EPR signal to conduction electrons,
estimate their number, N
P, and evaluate the Pauli paramagnetism contribution to shungite susceptibility. A small occupation (~5%) of the localized
nonbonding π states in the zigzag edges of the open-ended graphene-like layers and/or on σ (sp
2+x
) orbitals in the curved parts of the shungite globules has been also revealed. The observed temperature dependence of the
EPR linewidth can be explained by the earlier considered interaction of conduction π electrons with local phonon modes associated
with the vibration of peripheral carbon atoms of the open zigzag-type edges and with peripheral carbon atoms cross-linking
different nanostructures. The relaxation time T
2 and diffusion time T
D are found to have comparable values (2.84 × 10−8 and 1.73 × 10−8 s at 5.2 K, respectively), and similar dependence on temperature. The magnetic measurements have revealed the suppression
of orbital diamagnetism due to small amount of large enough fragments of the graphene layers. 相似文献
535.
S. Mazur P. Aleksandrowski K. Turniak L. Krzemiński K. Mastalerz A. Górecka-Nowak L. Kurowski P. Krzywiec A. Żelaźniewicz M. C. Fanning 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(1):47-64
The Carboniferous foreland basin of western Poland contains a coherent succession of late Viséan through Westphalian turbidites
derived from a uniform group of sources located within a continental magmatic arc. Detrital zircon geochronology indicates
that two main crustal components were present in the source area of Namurian A sediments. They represent Late Devonian and
Early Carboniferous ages, respectively. The detritus from Westphalian D beds is much more diversified and contains admixture
of Late Carboniferous zircons suggesting rapid unroofing of Variscan igneous intrusions in the hinterland between Namurian
A and Westphalian D times. Tectonic repetitions of tens of metres thick fault-bounded stratigraphic intervals, recorded in
several wells, provide evidence for compressional regime that occurred in the SW part of the Carboniferous basin not earlier
than during the Westphalian C and produced NW–SE trending folds, concordant with the structural grain of the adjacent, NE
part of the Bohemian Massif. 相似文献
536.
Experimental metasomatism of monazite and xenotime: mineral stability, REE mobility and fluid composition 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Callum J. Hetherington Daniel E. Harlov Bartosz Budzyń 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2010,99(3-4):165-184
In this study a Th-bearing monazite from a Brazil beach sand, a low Th monazite from a Malawi carbonatite, and a xenotime from a pegmatite in northern Pakistan were experimentally metasomatised in a series of common metamorphic and igneous fluids at 600°C/500 MPa and 900°C/1000 MPa. Fluids included H2O, NaCl, and KCl brines, CaF2?+?H2O, 1m and 2m HCl, 1m and 2m H2SO4, 1m NaOH, and Na2Si2O5?+?H2O. The monazite show a variety of responses to the fluids ranging from no reaction (KCl?+?H2O) to small compositional changes and partial replacement of the monazite grain rim by Th-enriched monazite in the NaOH and (Na2Si2O5?+?H2O) experiments respectively. The other acid and brine fluids induced varying degrees of partial dissolution in the monazite and xenotime, but no compositional alteration. Partial replacement of monazite grain rims by Th-enriched monazite occurred only in the alkaline fluids as the result of a coupled dissolution-reprecipitation process. 相似文献