Durability of Concrete with Different Improvement Measures and Its Service Life Prediction in Island and Reef Environment

To solve the durability of island and reef concrete engineering in the harsh environment of high temperature, high salt, high humidity and windy, the strength grade of concrete and the type of corrosion inhibitor were used as the influence factors, while the relative dynamic elastic modulus was used as the evaluation index. In addition, the law and time variability of the deterioration of concrete, the size effect, environmental similarity and the service life model were studied. The results showed that improving the strength grade of concrete could improve the durability of concrete, and corrosion inhibitor could slightly improve the durability of concrete. Time-varying law of the deterioration of concrete conformed to the univariate quadratic polynomial. Combined with the concrete damage equivalent theory, a size effect model based on the relative dynamic elastic modulus was proposed and verified, and the size effect coefficient was also given. An environmental similarity model between simulated and practical island and reef environment was proposed. Combined with the reliability theory and the first order second moment method, a new service life model of concrete structure was proposed. The authors were convinced that the research will be advantageous to researchers.

     

基于地理大数据和多源信息融合的区域未来人口精细化空间分布模拟研究——以珠江三角洲为例

首先采用队列因素法和CA-Markov模型对区域未来人口规模和土地利用格局进行模拟预测,并结合POI地理大数据,利用多源信息融合法构建区域未来人口精细化空间分布模拟模型,以珠江三角洲城市群2030年各区县精细化的人口空间分布预测进行实证分析。结果表明：① 采用队列因素法进行珠江三角洲各区县人口规模预测的相对误差大部分在5%以下,基于CA-Markov模型土地利用模拟的Kappa系数达到0.97;② 珠江三角洲城市群精细化的人口空间分布模拟数据与实际人口数据的拟合趋势线R²达到了0.90,模拟效果优于Worldpop数据集,体现了POI地理大数据与多源信息融合在精细化人口空间分布模拟上的优势;③ 珠江三角洲未来人口呈现由中心向外围扩散和递减的空间分布格局,空间差异显著且较为稳定,70%的人口集中在广州、深圳、东莞和佛山等核心城市。     

动力-统计客观定量化汛期降水预测研究新进展

汛期降水预测是短期气候预测的重要内容之一,也是难点之一。近20年来,动力-统计相结合的预测方法在解决这一复杂的科学难题方面取得了一定进展。该文系统地介绍了近年来国家级气候预测业务中关于动力-统计客观定量化预测的原理、最优因子订正和异常因子订正两类预测方案,及动力-统计集成的中国季节降水预测系统 (FODAS1.0)。2009—2012年的汛期降水预测中,动力-统计客观定量化预测方法4年平均PS评分为73,距平相关系数为0.16,体现了较高的预报技巧。但该方法仍存在不足,需通过加强气候因子与降水之间关系的诊断分析、完善短期气候模式的物理过程、改进参数化方案及研发有针对性的区域气候模式等手段,进一步提高模式本身的预报技巧,使动力-统计预测方法在汛期降水预测中发挥更大作用。     

中国区域大气加权平均温度的时空变化及模型

大气加权平均温度T_m是地基GPS水汽遥感的关键参数,决定了水汽反演的精度。利用2008—2011年全国123个探空站点资料,分析了T_m与其影响要素纬度、海拔、地面气温、水汽压及大气压之间的关系,结果表明:T_m与纬度和海拔随季节变化呈周期性负相关,与地面温度和水汽压的自然对数呈正相关,与大气压呈负相关;T_m的空间变化具有纬度地带性和明显的气候分布特征,其变异程度在空间分布上有显著差别,不同地理位置的T_m受季节性影响程度不一,T_m也具有明显的年际周期性变化,年内T_m的每日变化符合二次函数分布规律。按照全国、气候分区和季节分区方法,分别建立了T_m单因子和多因子回归模型,并利用2012年1—5月数据对所建模型进行验证,T_m的估算误差能满足GPS水汽遥感2%的精度,模型普遍适用于我国地基GPS水汽遥感中T_m的估算。     

On the connection between AMOC and observed land precipitation in Northern Hemisphere: a comparison of the AMOC indicators

Climate Dynamics - Decadal climate prediction has been one of the most popular topics in recent climate change studies. It is closely linked to our daily life, deeply affecting the wellbeing of...     

新乡-商丘断裂永城段第四纪活动特征分析

新乡-商丘断裂是河南省中北部一条规模较大、切割较深的区域性隐伏断裂,为查明新乡-商丘断裂永城段的浅部构造特征和上断点最新活动时代,在永城段开展浅层人工地震勘探工作,获得2条高分辨率、高信噪比的地震反射剖面,通过地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面探测,并结合区域地质资料对新乡-商丘断裂永城段的上断点位置及活动性进行研究,揭示本断裂上断点进入了第四系上更新统底界,推测其最新活动时代为晚更新世早、中期,是一条隐伏活动断裂。     

地面加热与高原低涡和对流系统相互作用的一次个例研究

本文利用NCEP-FNL再分析资料、FY-2E卫星TBB数据、CMORPH降水资料,通过热力学和动力学诊断分析并结合中尺度天气模式WRF的数值模拟试验,研究了2012年6月下旬青藏高原一次东移对流系统的生成发展机制以及与地面加热相互作用的物理过程。结果表明,高原中西部地面感热加热是高原低涡生成、发展和东移的主导因子。而东移的高原低涡通过加强偏北、偏南气流形成的辐合带,进而触发高原东部对流系统的生成。同时,高原对流系统降水产生的凝结潜热释放也加强了东移高原低涡的强度,这表明地面加热与高原低涡和对流系统之间存在一种正反馈机制。数值试验结果进一步表明,除了适当的背景环流外,高原地面潜热通量能够增强中低层大气的不稳定性,为对流系统的发生发展积累能量,造成有利于对流降水的热力环境。     

磁场强度对T2-T1二维核磁共振实验的影响研究

多维核磁共振测井比一维核磁包含更多的观测信息,往往可以解决单独使用横向弛豫时间(T2)进行测井评价时遇到的困难,在非常规油气储层勘探开发中发挥着不可替代的作用.T2-T1二维核磁共振能够检测页岩中的类固体有机质等含氢化合物,对于确定页岩储层流体成分至关重要,已经成为核磁测井和岩石物理实验的研究热点.与一维核磁共振相比,T2-T1二维核磁实验结果对测量参数更加敏感,已有学者对回波间隔(TE)、等待时间(TW)、扫描次数(SCAN)、回波个数(NECH)对实验结果的影响开展了深入研究,但磁场强度对T2-T1二维核磁的影响尚未见报道.对不同种类样品分别进行0.5T、0.05 T两种磁场强度(对应共振频率分别为21 MHz、2 MHz)下的T2-T1二维核磁共振实验,分析了磁场强度对实验结果的影响,研究表明:对于自由溶液,纵向弛豫时间(T1)对磁场强度更加敏感,磁场强度增大时,自由溶液T1增大、T2不变,T2-T1谱流体信号向上移动;对于实际岩样,受内部磁场梯度的影响,磁场强度增大时,T1增大、T2减小,T2-T1谱中流体信号向左上方移动.定量刻画了不同弛豫组分在磁场强度变化时谱峰位置的变化规律,能够将实验室得到的页岩油高频核磁流体识别图版转换为测井资料的低频流体识别图版,为二维核磁共振测井表征储层流体成分信息提供了理论依据.     

Star Formation Rate Indicators in Wide-Field Infrared Survey Preliminary Release

With the goal of investigating the degree at which the MIR luminosity in the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) traces the SFR, we analyse 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 ??m data in a sample of ~140,000 star-forming galaxies or star-forming regions covering a wide range in metallicity 7.66 < 12 + log(O/H)<9.46, with redshift z?< 0.4. These star-forming galaxies or star-forming regions are selected by matching the WISE Preliminary Release Catalog with the star-forming galaxy Catalog in SDSS DR8 provided by JHU/MPA¹?. We study the relationship between the luminosity at 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 ??m from WISE and H?? luminosity in SDSS DR8. From these comparisons, we derive reference SFR indicators for use in our analysis. Linear correlations between SFR and the 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 ??m luminosity are found, and calibrations of SFRs based on L(3.4), L(4.6), L(12) and L(22) are proposed. The calibrations hold for galaxies with verified spectral observations. The dispersion in the relation between 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 ??m luminosity and SFR relates to the galaxy??s properties, such as 4000 ? break and galaxy color.     

The scheme for the database building and updating of 1∶10 000 digital elevation models

The National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of China has planned to speed up the development of spatial data infrastructure (SDI) in the coming few years. This SDI consists of four types of digital products, i. e., digital orthophotos, digital elevation models, digital line graphs and digital raster graphs. For the DEM, a scheme for the database building and updating of 1∶10 000 digital elevation models has been proposed and some experimental tests have also been accomplished. This paper describes the theoretical (and/or technical) background and reports some of the experimental results to support the scheme. Various aspects of the scheme such as accuracy, data sources, data sampling spatial resolution, terrain modeling, data organization, etc are discussed.