云南省惠民铁矿床地球物理找矿模型及资源量估算

通过对惠民铁矿床所在区域、地区、位置三个不同层次的重、磁场特征进行研究,建立了澜沧惠民铁矿床的地球物理找矿模型.结合已验证的钻孔资料及矿石参数,用磁异常拟合体积法求取了76线C1、C2磁异常的资源量,用类比法对矿区其他磁异常进行了资源量估算,与已探明的资源量相比,该矿区尚有一定的找矿潜力.     

云南环形构造遥感影像特征及其找矿意义

各种环形构造反映原生地质作用及后期改造作用形成的地表形态,也是矿化的直接体现。描述、研究云南环形构造遥感影像特征,寻找其矿化规律,指出潜在找矿方向。     

广东河台金矿糜棱岩化过程构造-流体成矿研究

为了探讨糜棱岩化过程中的成矿作用,文章对广东河台金矿进行了构造流体过程的数值模拟研究。根据力的分解、显微构造及运动学涡度分析以及与模拟结果的对比,提出108°方向的双向挤压作用可能是本区糜棱岩化带形成时的力学环境。数值模拟结果结合前人研究成果表明,体积应变增量异常带有利于糜棱岩化和流体的聚集以及糜棱岩化过程中成矿作用的...     

Web时空数据挖掘研究进展

随着互联网的迅速发展,Web已经渗透到人类社会的各个角落,其中蕴含着大量关系社会、经济和生活的信息。从中挖掘出刻画事件时空范围的时空信息,可以为探索社会、自然事件以及行为主体的时空运动规律和知识提供丰富的素材。系统综述了Web时空数据挖掘的理论、方法和应用,首先介绍了Web时空数据挖掘的概念及分类,详细阐述了Web时空信息的特点和提取方法,其次针对3类Web时空数据挖掘的内容、方法及应用进行了综述,最后探讨了Web时空数据挖掘面临的难题、研究热点和未来领域的发展方向。     

湖北武汉下志留统坟头组化石组合及沉积环境

文中报道了在武汉市铁箕山新发现的下志留统坟头组剖面.该剖面所在位置交通方便,出露较好,化石丰富,发现有三叶虫、腕足类、双壳类、腹足类、头足类、喙壳类、海百合、锥石、海星、鱼类及遗迹化石等,初步鉴定出13属17种.根据该剖面中的化石组合面貌及与邻区的对比认为,武汉地区坟头组的时代应为早志留世(兰多维列世)特列奇期.通过对...     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区奥陶系岩溶风化壳储集层类型与形成条件

早奥陶世,庆阳-黄陵古隆起北侧形成蒸发台地斜坡白云岩坪膏质白云岩、含膏白云岩沉积.加里东期,该古隆起随同鄂尔多斯盆地整体抬升,其北坡不同层位的石膏质白云岩、含膏白云岩差异溶蚀形成了膏溶角砾白云岩、蜂窝状膏溶细晶白云岩、针孔状膏溶白云岩、粒间溶孔细晶白云岩和溶蚀孔洞泥粉晶碳酸盐岩等不同类型的岩溶储集层.斜坡宽缓、地下水流...     

测井方法在观测采空区上覆岩层导水裂隙带发育高度中的应用

新安矿区主采煤层上部至小浪底库区水体之间地层主要以砂岩、泥岩和砂质泥岩互层为主,厚度90~210m。为研究该矿开采状态下上覆岩层破坏程度和导水裂隙发育高度,在井下3个不同采厚的工作面上布置了7个地面钻孔,采用声波扫描成像测井及其它测井参数对采前、采后上覆岩层进行动态观测。以K3钻孔为例,介绍了超声波扫描成像测井的原理及辨别井孔中裂缝发育程度的方法。K3孔在第一次测量时,井深217～218m处明显存在裂隙,但在第二次测量后该裂隙呈现出闭合反应,证实煤层开采放顶后上部岩石下沉使得原有裂隙闭合;同时发现自194m以上因煤层采空放顶后发育有高度为69.10m的裂隙带。根据新安煤矿K2、K3、K5、K6、K7号孔超声波扫描成像及其它常规测井的地质解释成果可见,该矿导水裂隙带的发育高度随着推进距离和采厚增大而增大,但新安矿区软硬互层上覆岩层的地质构造可有效抑制导水裂隙带的发育程度。     

Determining suspended sediment concentration and settling velocity from PC-ADP measurements in the Beibu Gulf, China

Modeling sediment transport depends on several parameters, such as suspended sediment concentration (SSC), shear stress, and settling velocity. To assess the ability of Pulse-Coherent Acoustic Doppler Profiling (PC-ADP) to non-intrusively quantify spatial and temporal SSC and settling velocity at seabed, a field experiment was conducted in the Beibu Gulf (Tonkin Gulf), in the South China Sea. The spatial profiles and temporal variations in SSC at 1 m above bottom were derived from PC-ADP acoustic backscatter intensity determinations after being calibrated with the optical backscatter sensor (OBS) measurements at the same elevation. The PC-ADP and OBS results agreed well. The temporal settling velocity obtained from Rouse profiles agreed well with the Soulsby formula based on size information by LISST (laser in situ scattering and transmissometry). Tides and tidal currents are diurnal in the gulf. SSC increased with increasing ebb and flood flow, and it rapidly decreased with the increase of distance from the seabed. The maximum SSC at 0.16 m and 1.3 m above bottom reached 816 mg/L and 490 mg/L during spring tides, respectively. The sediments consisted of mineral particles 23-162 μm in diameter and 0.05-2.04 cm/s in settling velocity. Generally, both the SSC and settling velocity followed variations in the bottom friction. Results suggest that PC-ADP is able to provide reasonable SSC and settling velocity measurements of both profiles and time series for a long study period.     

Extracting eco-hydrological information of inland wetland from L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar image in Honghe National Nature Reserve,Northeast China

Taking a typical inland wetland of Honghe National Nature Reserve (HNNR), Northeast China, as the study area, this paper studied the application of L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image in extracting eco-hydrological information of inland wetland. Landsat-5 TM and ALOS PALSAR HH backscatter images were first fused by using the wavelet-IHS method. Based on the fused image data, the classification method of support vector machines was used to map the wetland in the study area. The overall mapping accuracy is 77.5%. Then, the wet and dry aboveground biomass estimation models, including statistical models and a Rice Cloudy model, were established. Optimal parameters for the Rice Cloudy model were calculated in MATLAB by using the least squares method. Based on the validation results, it was found that the Rice Cloudy model produced higher accuracy for both wet and dry aboveground biomass estimation compared to the statistical models. Finally, subcanopy water boundary information was extracted from the HH backscatter image by threshold method. Compared to the actual water borderline result, the extracted result from L-band SAR image is reliable. In this paper, the HH-HV phase difference was proved to be valueless for extracting subcanopy water boundary information.     

Scale issues of wetland classification and mapping using remote sensing images: A case of Honghe National Nature Reserve in Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

Wetland research has become a hot spot linking multiple disciplines presently. Wetland classification and mapping is the basis for wetland research. It is difficult to generate wetland data sets using traditional methods because of the low accessibility of wetlands, hence remote sensing data have become one of the primary data sources in wetland research. This paper presents a case study conducted at the core area of Honghe National Nature Reserve in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. In this study, three images generated by airship, from Thematic Mapper and from SPOT 5 were selected to produce wetland maps at three different wetland landscape levels. After assessing classification accuracies of the three maps, we compared the different wetland mapping results of 11 plant communities to the airship image, 6 plant ecotypes to the TM image and 9 landscape classifications to the SPOT 5 image. We discussed the different characteristics of the hierarchical ecosystem classifications based on the spatial scales of the different images. The results indicate that spatial scales of remote sensing data have an important link to the hierarchies of wetland plant ecosystems displayed on the wetland landscape maps. The richness of wetland landscape information derived from an image closely relates to its spatial resolution. This study can enrich the ecological classification methods and mapping techniques dealing with the spatial scales of different remote sensing images. With a better understanding of classification accuracies in mapping wetlands by using different scales of remote sensing data, we can make an appropriate approach for dealing with the scale issue of remote sensing images.