红砂育苗的土壤水分管理初步研究

分布于60~300 mm降水量区域的超旱生半灌木红砂,是该区域的建群种,也是人工辅助植被恢复的主要树种,探索其幼苗成活与土壤含水量之间的关系,对人工辅助恢复植被十分重要。以不同苗龄的红砂容器苗和直播实生幼苗为调查对象,研究了红砂幼苗成活数量与土壤含水量之间的相关性。结果表明：10 cm土层中的体积含水量在20~25 d内持续达20%~30%时,其成活率达到70%左右;25 d以后,含水量在10%时就能维持其生命,苗龄30~40 d后幼苗成活率趋于稳定。     

A distributed hypermap model for internet gis

The rapid development of Internet technology makes it possible to integrate GIS with the Internet,forming Internet GIS.Internet GIS is based on a distributed client/server architecture and TCP/IP & IIOP.When constructing and designing Internet GIS,we face the problem of how to express information units of Internet GIS.In order to solve this problem,this paper presents a distributed hypermap model for Internet GIS.This model provides a solution to organize and manage Internet GIS information units.It also illustrates relations between two information units and in an internal information unit both on clients and servers.On the basis of this model,the paper contributes to the expressions of hypermap relations and hypermap operations.The usage of this model is shown in the implementation of a prototype system.     

论测绘运筹学与GIS工程建设

本文简要介绍了测绘运筹学及其性质:系统科学体系结构;系统特征;系统方法与原理.在此基础上讨论了测绘运筹学与GIS的关系及在GIS工程建设中的应用.     

湘黔交界娄山关组层序地层学研究

传统上认为湘黔交界处的中寒武统一下向陶统娄山关组为均一性极强的厚层白云岩,可分性极差。但笔者新近研究发现,其顶、底均为古岩溶不整合面,并有大量颗粒（鲕、豆、核形石）白支岩和藻纹层白云岩夹层,还有许多鸟眼构造、叠层石横行、交错层帐蓬构造存在。据其重向组合规律,将娄山关组分为三段。认为娄山关组由７个三级层序组成,层序界面为古岩溶不整合面或暴露带,每个序都由海进体系域和高水位体系域构成。     

城市生态环境形象设计的生态背景值研究

城市生态背景值包括自然生态背景值与人文生态背景值。城市生态背景值越高,城市生态环境形象建设与管理的成本就越低。通过城市生态背景值的相关因素分析与量化分等,在选择分析的中国14个特大城市中,生态背景值相差甚远。按综合分值分等,第一等空缺,第二等和第三等分别只有广州市和上海市,第四等有7个城市,第五等有3个城市,得分最低的第六等有兰州市和乌鲁木齐市。按自然生态背景值分值划分,第一等空缺,得分最高的第二等只有广州市,最低的第九等是乌鲁木齐市。按人文生态背景值分值划分,第一等空缺,第二等是北京市,其余为第三等和第四等。文章以城市生态背景值为依据,较为详细地分析了广州市何以在较短的时间内由一个"不适合居住"的城市变为"国际花园城市"的原因。     

顾及起算数据误差的整体平差法

因起算数据误差的存在 ,导致了用普通的平差方法求得的结果精度降低。本文提出了顾及起算数据误差的计算方法 ,即从整体平差的角度出发 ,将起算数据作为虚拟观测值 ,与观测值一起进行平差。     

链霉素对海洋微藻的毒物刺激效应

实验选用链霉素对六种海洋微藻进行实验 ,发现六种海洋微藻普遍对链霉素具有抗性。其中只有角毛藻和三角褐指藻在实验范围内 (0～ 50 0 mg/ L)测到了 72 h的半抑制浓度 ,EC50 分别为346 mg/ L和 4 4 5mg/ L。其它四种均未测到。而且当链霉素浓度为 30 mg/ L时 ,对六种海洋微藻普遍具有生长刺激效应 ,即毒物刺激效应。     

In-situ rainwater harvesting and gravel mulch combination for corn production in the dry semi-arid region of China

A field study was conducted to determine the effect of a combination of ridge and furrow method of in-situ rainwater harvesting with gravel mulch on corn production, soil moisture storage, and water-use efficiency in the dry semi-arid region of China. Results showed that plastic-covered ridges had an average runoff efficiency (runoff/rainfall) of 87% as compared to 7% for bare ridges, and could generate runoff at a threshold value of 0·8±0·2 mm rainfall. Bare ridges produced runoff only under high intensity rainfall events, and was ineffective for harvesting rainfall in the study area. The plastic-covered ridge and gravel-mulched furrow method of rainwater harvesting was effective in conserving moisture and increasing yield and water-use efficiency. The grain yield in this treatment was 1·9 times that of the conventional flat soil cultivation (control), and the water-use efficiency was 1·8 times that of the control. The good performance of the film-covered surface ridges and gravel-mulched furrows is attributed to the better utilization of light rains, improvement of infiltration in the root zone, and suppression of evaporation losses.     

基于城市扩张的动态选址模型——以深圳垃圾转运站选址为例

现有的许多选址模型研究,主要集中在对选址算法的改进,而忽略了城市作为复杂地理系统所具备的不确定性和动态发展性对选址结果的影响。这往往导致最终的选址结果在设施投入使用后,无法满足新的需求甚至出现不适应新环境的情况。本文将基于GeoCA(地理元胞自动机)的城市扩张模型引入到传统的Location-allocation选址模型中,构建一个动态的选址模型框架,探索如何将选址结果建立在动态的、科学的城市形态预测基础上,促使选址结果更具有客观性、先见性和更符合可持续发展观,这也正是本研究的重要意义所在。同时,框架中的许多子模型都能够单独被优化,具有高度的可伸缩性,能够自适应于特定区域的选址要求。